Abstract:Low and extremely variable precipitations limit dryland crop production in the semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau. These areas are also affected by serious soil erosion, and intensive tillage of conventional agriculture has worsened the situation. Therefore, conventional tillage and five conservation agriculture patterns‘, that is, conventional tillage(T), conventional tillage with stubble incorporating(TS), no-till with no stubble(NT), no-till with stubble retention(NTS), conventional tillage with plasti...