Abstract:Aiming at providing scientific foundations for the policymakers to control urban air emissions, this paper explored two methodologies for evaluating the impacts of human activity (from 1983 to 2003), human and natural regulation (from the early days of Beijing city to 2003) on the air quality of Beijing‘s urban ecosystem through the Pressure-State-Response indicator system, ecosystem services estimating, and historical literature review. The results show that: (1) The three top ones are 2003 (0.619), 2001 (...