作 者 ：李鹏,杨桂华
期 刊 ：生态学报 2007年 27卷 7期 页码：2954~2963
关键词：旅游生态足迹；旅游线路产品；生态消耗；组分；香格里拉；
Keywords:touristic ecological footprint, itinerary product, ecological consumption, component, Shangri-la,
摘 要 ：旅游生态足迹分析是测度旅游环境影响的最新和有效方法之一，运用成分法构建了旅游线路产品生态足迹的计算模型，探索出了以“串珠”状的旅游线路产品为对象、旅游行程为基础的生态足迹计算方法。运用该模型对云南香格里拉“八日游”典型旅游线路产品进行了实证计算和分析，结果表明：①旅游是一种生态消耗很大的生活方式，旅游者在旅游过程中产生的生态足迹高于客源地居民人均日常生活消费生态足迹，也高于目的地居民人均日常生活消费生态足迹；②根据成分法，旅游线路产品生态足迹可分为7个组分，其中行、食、住、垃圾是最主要的4个组分。在其他条件不变的情况下，随着旅行距离的增加，旅游线路产品生态足迹逐步聚集于行组分；③旅游产业内部各个部门之间生态效率差异很大，食、住等部门的生态效率较低，而游、娱等部门的生态效率较高。根据研究结果，对所构建模型进行了简化，简化模型可以对旅游者消费旅游线路产品所产生的生态消耗进行更加简洁、方便的测度。
Abstract:All living and production activities are based on resource consumption and these activities greatly affect the environment. The activities of tourism also generate such enduring environmental affects. The eco-footprint analysis of tourism is one of the most up-to-date and effective methods used to analyze the effects of tourism. In this paper, the tourism line product of Shangri-La, Yunnan, was studied as a case product. According to the characteristics of this line product and based on wide reference of relevant eco-footprint reports, the revised calculation method of the eco-footprint for itinerary production was used in our investigation. The typical 8 day tour′ of the Shangri-la Tourism Line was analyzed and its eco-footprint was calculated by this revised method. The difference between this revised calculation and the former calculation is that the revised calculation focuses on the traveling route, while the latter method based calculations on all data within the specific area. The results showed that: (a) the composition of Tourism Itinerary products eco-footprint basically consisted of four components, which are food consumption, living accommodation, travel and solid wastes. Under the constant condition of other factors, the eco-footprint of the tourism line product is primarily caused by travel activities. On a similar kind of tour, there is a relationship between the spending of tourists and the different components of the eco-footprint, but it is not proportional. (b) According to composition, the ecological consumption of the tourism activity consisted of seven parts, and it was proved by real diagnosis research that the major four are food consumption, living accommodation, travel and solid wastes. The tourist ecological footprint is larger than the daily per capita consumption of nature resources, and it is far higher than the daily per capita consumption of local populations residing in the tourist destinations.（c）The components of the ecological footprint and the ratio that counter balances all of consumer expenditure share a non-linear relationship. The travel component ratio of the ecological footprint is higher, and the travel expenditure ratio of all the expenditures is lower. The ratio of the ecological footprint for the three components of sightseeing, entertainment, and accommodation, are below the corresponding share of all consumers spending.