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作 者 ：吴孔明,刘芹轩

期 刊 ：生态学报 1992年 12卷 4期 页码：341~347

关键词：棉蚜；杀虫剂；再猖獗；天敌；生命表；生态系统；

Keywords:cotton, cotton aphid, insecticide, resurgence, natural enemy, life table,

摘 要 ：为指导棉蚜的综合防治,笔者对杀虫剂诱导棉蚜再猖獗的现象进行了研究。速灭杀丁、氧化乐果和久效磷对棉蚜田间施药试验结果表明:效果较好,但进入伏蚜发生期后,速灭杀丁处理区棉蚜种群上升极快。第3次施药后2000倍和4000倍的20％速灭杀丁处理区棉蚜种群数量分别是对照的9.05倍和7.22倍,氧化乐果施药区棉蚜密度也明显高于不施药的对照区蚜虫密度。整个棉蚜发生阶段棉蚜的抗药性测定表明:随着用药次数增加,棉蚜对速灭杀丁抗性倍数增长迅速,第4次施药后LD_(50)值是早春棉蚜的9.39倍。3种农药对七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫的毒性皆显著地大于对棉蚜的毒力,随着棉蚜抗药性增加,农药对瓢虫-棉蚜系统的破坏愈加严重。对3种农药处理后的棉蚜成、若蚜的生命表分析表明3种农药没有刺激种群增殖作用。因而可以认为速灭杀丁诱使棉蚜再猖獗的作用是由于棉蚜抗药性水平迅速提高和对棉田生态的破坏所致。

Abstract:Fenvalerate, omethoate and monocrotophos are the major pesticides for the chemical control of cotton aphid in Henan province. The experiment of application of these pesticides was done in cotton field in 1990, the result showed that plots by a successive three time spray with fenvalerate and four sprays with omethoate would induce the aphid population outbreak. The contrary was obtained in plots treated successively with monocrotophos. After the fourth time of using pesticide, population densities in two tr...

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