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作 者 ：王朝辉,刘学军,巨晓棠,张福锁

期 刊 ：生态学报 2002年 22卷 3期 页码：359~365

关键词：冬小麦；夏玉米；土壤氨挥发；田间原位测定；

Keywords:winter wheat, summer maize, ammonia volatilization from soil, in situ determination of ammonia volatilization,

摘 要 ：采用通气法测定了北方冬小麦 /夏玉米轮作体系田间土壤的原位氨挥发。结果表明 ,与冬小麦施用基肥相比 ,夏玉米追肥后土壤的氨挥发速率很快升高 ,但挥发高峰期持续时间较短 ,最大氨挥发速率亦低于冬小麦。冬小麦拨节期追肥 ,氨挥发速率低且呈波动变化 ,未出现高峰值。从整个生长季节来看 ,冬小麦不施氮和每公顷施氮 1 2 0、2 4 0、36 0 kg时的累计挥发量分别为 4 .4、6 .9、1 3.0、38.4 kg N/hm2 ,夏玉米为 8.4、1 5 .1、2 0 .0、2 6 .1 kg N/hm2。按我国北方冬小麦 /夏玉米播种面积 1 86 4 .4万 hm2 计 ,每年由氨挥发向大气排放的氮素达 2 3.8～ 1 2 0 .2万 t,其中 1 7.2～ 96 .4万 t来自氮肥 ,相当于氮肥投入的 2 .1 %～ 9.5 %。

Abstract:Ammonia volatilization from soil is an important pathway for fertilizer N loss from field, and also a major source for air and environment pollution. Majority of soils in north China are calcareous ones with higher pH that has created a condition favorable for such loss, and intensive cropping with over application of N fertilizer and unreasonable fertilization practices has made the situation more serious. Winter wheat ( Triticusp aestvum L.) and summer maize ( Zea Mays L.) are major crops in this ar...

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