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作 者 ：顾俊荣， 董明辉， 赵步洪， 陈培峰， 季红娟， 韩立宇

期 刊 ：核农学报 2016年 30卷 2期 页码：347-354

关键词：实地氮肥管理；轻干-湿交替灌溉；茎鞘NSC；积累与运转；籽粒产量；

Keywords:site-specific nitrogen management, alternate wetting and drying irrigation, stem sheath of NSC, accumulation and remobilization of assimilates, grain production,

摘 要 ：为了探讨不同类型高产水稻水氮高效利用特性,以大穗型杂交粳稻甬优8号和穗粒兼顾型常规粳稻品种(系)苏10-100为材料,进行实地氮肥管理和全生育期轻干-湿交替灌溉技术联合运用,研究水稻干物质和茎鞘非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)积累与运转特性及其与籽粒产量形成的关系。结果表明,与常规水肥管理相比,实地氮肥管理和轻干-湿交替灌溉联合运用显著增加了幼穗分化期至成熟期的干物质积累量和抽穗期茎鞘中NSC含量,提高了茎鞘干物质和NSC运转率和对籽粒的贡献率,大穗型杂交粳稻甬优8号的运转率和贡献率明显大于常规粳稻苏10-100;水氮处理降低了穗数,但显著或极显著地提高了每穗粒数、结实率、充实度和千粒重,苏10-100和甬优8号分别增加了6.21%、2.53%,1.68%、13.63%,3.3%、8.1%和9.06%、10.35%,其中2个弱势籽粒千粒重的增幅分别达到了16.3%和15.9%,显著大于强势粒。因此,采用实地氮肥管理和轻干-湿交替灌溉水稻具有中后期单位面积干物质积累量大,物质运转率高,穗大且多,结实率高、充实度好的特点,有利于促进弱势籽粒灌浆充实,提高籽粒产量。本研究为水稻超高产栽培和不同类型水稻养分水份高效管理提供理论依据和实践指导。

Abstract:Rice is one of the most important food crops in China, the realization of their super-high-yielding is of great significance in ensuring food security in this country.In order to investigate the characteristics of water and nitrogen efficient utilization of rice with different types of rice production.This study was targeted at investigating dry matter accumulation and remobilization of assimilates from vegetative tissues to grains in rice under the site-specific nitrogen management and the whole growth period of moderate dry wet alternate irrigation technology(T2) using two rice cultivars Yongyou 8 and Su10-100 as material. The results showed that compared with the conventional water and fertilizer management(T1), the dry matter accumulation from panicle differentiation period to mature period and non-structure carbohydrates(NSC) content in stem-sheath were increased significantly, the remobilization percentage of export and conversion of dry matter and NSC in stem-sheath were also enhanced, and the Yongyou 8 was significantly higher than the Su 10-100. The effective spikelet number was decreased, but the grain number per spike, setting percentage, grain plumpness and 1000-grain weight were increased under T2, meanwhile the Su10-100 and Yongyou 8 were increased by 6.21%, 2.53%, 1.68%, 13.63%, 3.3%, 8.1%, 10.35% and 9.06%, respectively, and that the inferior grains had more gain-weight increasing than superior,two varieties were reached 16.3% and 15.9%, respectively. Therefore, the rice under T2 has larger accumulation of dry matter at middle and later period and higher remobilization percentage of assimilates from vegetative tissues to grains, the spikelets showed highness of grain number and setting percentage and good enrichment degree especially in inferior spikelets,so as to improve grain yield.The study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the high yield cultivation of rice and the high efficiency management of different types of rice.

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