全 文 ： ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA 2008, 34(8): 1424−1434 http://www.chinacrops.org/zwxb/
ISSN 0496-3490; CODEN TSHPA9 E-mail: xbzw@chinajournal.net.cn

:

 (30671225, 30771274);   (2006BAD02A13-3-2); (948
) (2006-G60)
 :

(1978–), , ,  !#$%&()*
*
+,-.(Corresponding author):

/01)E-mail: jcyang@yzu.edu.cn
Received(2345): 2008-01-07; Accepted(67458: 2008-03-14.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.01424
   
 1,2  1  1  1   1,*
(1  /   ,  225009; 2 ,  471003)
 :  9538  ,    (SSNM) (FFP)
!#$%&, ()*+,-, ./ )0, . 123 N 456 NPK 785(9
:;<=>, PK45(?@9: 5)*+,-,  FFP)0, SSNMO> NPJPK5, CB QRSTU NPKJVWG, HI N
PKLMN#&.  SSNMXYCBZ NPKJPKDEFG#
: Z; . ; ; [; \; DEG
Effects of Wheat-Residue Application and Site-Specific Nitrogen Manage-
ment on Absorption and Utilization of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potas-
sium in Rice Plants
XU Guo-Wei1,2, YANG Li-Nian 1, WANG Zhi-Qin1, LIU Li-Jun1, and YANG Jian-Chang1,*
(1 Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province / Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu; 2 Agricultural College,
Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China)
Abstract: More than half of wheat residues are burnt or discarded for years in China, which not only wastes organic fertilizer
source, but also pollutes the environment. Meanwhile, heavy use of nitrogen fertilizer has become a serious problem in rice pro-
duction, especially in Jiangsu province. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of wheat straw application and
site-specific nitrogen management (SSNM) on the absorption and utilization of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K)
in rice plants. A mid-season japonica rice cultivar of Yangjing 9538 was field-grown. Three treatments of farmers’ N-fertilizer
practice (FFP), SSNM based on chlorophyll measurement (SPAD) readings, no nitrogen application, and with or without wheat
residue application (the straw was incorporated to soil) were conducted. The results showed that wheat-residue incorporation re-
duced N content and the accumulations of N, P, and K in plants at the early growth stage, increased P and K contents in plants
during the whole growth period, and increased nitrogen use efficiency, harvest index, and biomass production efficiency of N, P,
and K when compared with the straw removal treatment. Under the same amount of straw incorporation, SSNM reduced the
amount of N and P absorption in plants, and increased transportation percentage of N, P, and K from heading to maturity and N
and P harvest index. There was no significant difference in the amount of K absorption between SSNM and FFP. The results indi-
cated that both wheat-residue application and SSNM can increase absorption and use efficiency of N, P, and K in rice plants.
Keywords: Rice; Wheat residue incorporation; Site-specific nitrogen management; Phosphorous; Potassium; Use efficiency
,   
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~Qv€{Z‚ƒ {„…; 5†
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€áâhiãäwåæ[çhiè@éêë
? ·¸¿À4k< lmßàHìíî
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1 
1.1 
óô± 2005õ2006 ö ÷øù× ×úkô
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÷
9538, pî
†’È\ 17 †, ˜;’\ 5 , /ï
150~155 d[óô<\ , tu1<\ut,
! ºwÐ1 2.02%%wx 103.2 mg kg−1%Ò
x³ 24.5 mg kg−1%Òx´ 85.6 mg kg−1[
1.2 
f–·¸¿À(A) ×  lm(B)ˆóô[A1
\·¸¿À; A2·¸{¿À(2005 ö\ 7.21
t hm−2, 2006ö\ 7.38 t hm−2), Ёš œ
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\œ%{4 SPAD !k<
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4 +,[ (;!-./0ý12[5 3 18 45
¹, 63 64ìí[67 2¹89[ìí: (
P2O5 75 kg hm−2(;³<=>?), K2O 90 kg
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–*BÀÕ, pCœÁÂD [EFGÏ+%
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4)I, 6 10 d †‡ˆŠ(SPAD)‰ƒ +†J(K
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%KLS ), ¬: (wW&â² 5 7(
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\%†4L 3 Sv]^._, vU‰ƒ:`aQvº{,  H2SO4-H2O2bc, de ‰
, fghiŒ ‰³, jklm ‰´[11][
n‰ƒ\op, )? ý5x6[
šq’(harvest index, HI)\ )QÛñ
r²LSsˆ(N%P%K)ñð{tr²usˆñð
{vvi[
wÌ{(translocation)\KLœx`asˆ(N%
P%K)ñð{ )œu`ausˆyz{{|[
wÌ6(transportation efficiency, TE)\QÛñ
r²KL†sˆ(N%P%K)&ê}~{(KL
†xsˆ{ )†usˆ{{|)
tKL†usˆñð{vvi[

 1 
Table 1 Amount and timing of nitrogen application (kg hm−2)

Treatment

Pre-transplanting

Tillering

Panicle initiation

Heading

Designed amount

Actually applied
B1 0 0 0 0 0 0
B2 (FFP) 180 30 75 15 300 300
B3(SSNM) 100 SPAD40, 20 SPAD40, 40 SPAD40, 0 160–255 180 (A1)
38
SPAD38, 60 SPAD38, 80

A1; A2B1; FFP !; SSNM#
A1: wheat residue removed; A2: wheat residue incorporated; B1: no N applied; FFP: farmers’ fertilizer-N practice; SSNM: site-specific nitrogen
management.
1426     $ 34%

1.3.3  SASàf–é)v€’s,
SigmaPlot 8.0‚[
2 
2.1    

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º{…†%& 2[ !ƒ lmßàH, ·
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¸„m(·¸¿À‹ä¿À)ßàH ,  FFP !i ,
SSNM „mr²º6 ˆ/ïÈ7, ‰p
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„m˜7?PQ`aþˆñð, ?™š›þ
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­®œf?PQ`aþˆ™š›Ìw[Rž
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’, TÈ 7.66vvq(‚ 3)[Ÿ­ FFP„m 
ݗ r² ¡€, )œ–z ~
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 2    
Table 2 Effect of wheat residue returned to the field and site-specific nitrogen management on yield and N content of rice plants
&
Year

Treatment
(
Grain yield (t hm−2)
)
Mid-tillering (mg g−1)

Panicle initiation (mg g−1)

Heading (mg g−1)
*+
Maturity (mg g−1)
A1B1 5.26 d 26.7 c 14.9 b 11.2 d 9.7 c
A1B2 7.48 c 31.7 a 16.2 ab 16.2 b 12.3 ab
A1B3 8.02 a 27.8 c 15.1 b 15.8 c 12.0 b
,- Average 6.92 28.7 15.4 14.4 11.3

A2B1 5.21 d 25.9 d 15.6 b 11.4 d 10.3 c
A2B2 7.72 b 29.2 b 17.3 a 17.1 a 12.8 a
A2B3 8.10 a 27.6 c 15.9 ab 16.2 b 12.6 ab
2005
,- Average 7.01 27.6 16.2 14.9 11.9

A1B1 5.40 d 26.4 d 14.6 cd 11.0 d 10.2 c
A1B2 7.41 c 32.0 a 15.6 bc 16.5 a 12.5 ab
A1B3 8.36 a 28.3 c 15.3 bc 15.0 c 12.4 ab
,- Average 7.06 28.9 15.2 14.2 11.7

A2B1 5.29 d 26.1 d 15.4 bc 11.4 d 10.7 c
A2B2 7.81 b 30.2 b 17.0 a 16.6 a 12.9 a
A2B3 8.51 a 28.1 c 16.2 ab 15.9 b 12.8 a
2006
,- Average 7.20 28.1 16.2 14.6 12.2
A1; A2./; B1; B201!(FFP); B3!(SSNM); 234567 P<0.05
8,9:;<=>?@
A1: minimum tillage, no wheat residue returned; A2: minimum tillage, all wheat residue returned; B1: no N applied (N omission plot);
B2: farmer fertilizer-N practice (FFP); B3: site-specific nitrogen management (SSNM). Values followed by a different letter are significantly
different from the control at P<0.05.
 8 :    1427



2005 2006

 1  !#
Fig. 1 Proportion of nitrogen accumulation in leaf, stems, and grains at maturity stage
A1; A2./; 0N; FFP01!; SSNM!
A1: minimum tillage, no wheat residue returned; A2: minimum tillage, all wheat residue returned; 0N: no N applied; FFP: farmer fertilizer-N
practice; SSNM: site-specific nitrogen management.


2005 2006

 2  !  !$%$%&
Fig. 2 Effect of wheat residue returned and site-specific nitrogen management on N transport from vegetative organs to grains of
rice during grain filling
A1; A2./; 0N; FFP01!; SSNM!
A1: minimum tillage, no wheat residue returned; A2: minimum tillage, all wheat residue returned; 0N: no N applied; FFP: farmer fertilizer-N
practice; SSNM: site-specific nitrogen management.
1428  ! $ 34%


2005 2006

 3  !  ()*
Fig. 3 Effect of wheat residue returned and site-specific nitrogen management on N harvest index
A1; A2./; 0N; FFP01!; SSNM!
A1: minimum tillage, no wheat residue returned; A2: minimum tillage, all wheat residue returned; 0N: no N applied; FFP: farmer fertilizer-N
practice; SSNM: site-specific nitrogen management.

2.2   

2.2.1   3 , 
 ,  , 
 !#$%& ,
( FFP $), SSNM ! %
*+,-./ 0%#
2.2.2    !123
456789%:;<= 4 >= 5= 4 
, ?@, AB5CD0, ED>F
G>HI(= 4)$JKL , ($
), -MN+/?@FG(HI0%
#, OPQDR?@S489#789MT
UV, 5WXUV 3.4 kg hm−27 4.7%(= 5)
  , ( FFP$), SSNM !FG05
CYZ, N+/QDR?@4%89#, 2006 [
N+ 2.61%, \89]UV 3.3%,-
^_`abc04defg%98

 3   +
Table 3 Effect of wheat residue returned and site-specific nitrogen management on P content in rice plants (%)
&A
Year

Treatment
)
Mid-tillering

Panicle initiation

Heading
*+
Maturity
A1B1 0.43 d 0.33 c 0.33 c 0.30 c
A1B2 0.47 bc 0.37 bc 0.40 b 0.39 ab
A1B3 0.45 cd 0.34 c 0.37 b 0.36
,- Average 0.45 0.35 0.37 0.35

A2B1 0.49 b 0.34 c 0.35 c 0.31 c
A2B2 0.53 a 0.43 a 0.44 a 0.40 a
A2B3 0.49 b 0.39 b 0.40 b 0.38 b
2005
,- Average 0.50 0.39 0.40 0.36

A1B1 0.47 d 0.35 d 0.35 c 0.31 c
A1B2 0.54 b 0.39 c 0.42 b 0.40 a
A1B3 0.52 bc 0.37 cd 0.39 b 0.37 b
,- Average 0.51 0.37 0.39 0.36

A2B1 0.50 cd 0.39 c 0.36 c 0.32 c
A2B2 0.57 a 0.44 a 0.45 a 0.41 a
A2B3 0.54 b 0.42 b 0.41 b 0.38 b
2006
,- Average 0.54 0.42 0.41 0.37
A1; A2./; B1; B201!(FFP); B3!(SSNM); 234567 P<0.05
8,9:;<=>?@
A1: minimum tillage, no wheat residue returned; A2: minimum tillage, all wheat residue returned; B1: no N applied; B2: farmer fertili-
zer-N practice (FFP); B3: site-specific nitrogen management (SSNM). Values followed by a different letter are significantly different from the
control at P<0.05.
 8 :    1429



2005 2006

 4  +!#
Fig. 4 Proportion of phosphorus accumulation in leaf, stems, and grains at maturity
A1; A2./; 0N; FFP01!; SSNM!
A1: minimum tillage, no wheat residue returned; A2: minimum tillage, all wheat residue returned; 0N: no N applied; FFP: farmer fertilizer-N
practice; SSNM: site-specific nitrogen management.


2005 2006

 5  ! +$%$%&
Fig. 5 Effect of wheat residue returned and site-specific N management on P transportation from vegetative organs to
panicle of rice during grain filling
A1; A2./; 0N; FFP01!; SSNM!
A1: minimum tillage, no wheat residue returned; A2: minimum tillage, all wheat residue returned; 0N: no N applied; FFP: farmer fertilizer-N
practice; SSNM: site-specific nitrogen management.
1430  ! $ 34%

2.2.3    ,
, 
, ! 8.2 #$%&( 6)()
*+, FFP, SSNM !,-
(./0%12/34,  56
 789:;, .<
(
2.3   

2.3.1    *+, 
, ,-=>?@#ABCDE
F (GH*+, FFP 
, SSNMF ,-=>?IJK, LMN
(O 4)(P,-:>=)(


2005 2006

 6  ! +()*
Fig. 6 Effect of wheat residue returned and site-specific nitrogen management on P harvest index
A1; A2./; 0N; FFP01!; SSNM!
A1: minimum tillage, no wheat residue returned; A2: minimum tillage, all wheat residue returned; 0N: no N applied; FFP: farmer fertilizer-N
practice; SSNM: site-specific nitrogen management.

 4   ,
Table 4 Effect of wheat residue returned and site-specific nitrogen management on K content in rice plants(%)
&A
Year

Treatment
)
Mid-tillering

Panicle initiation

Heading
*+
Maturity
A1B1 3.71 d 3.14 d 2.06 c 1.29 d
A1B2 4.04 b 3.51 bc 2.55 b 1.65 b
A1B3 4.26 a 3.59 b 2.57 b 1.48 c
,- Average 4.00 3.41 2.39 1.47

A2B1 3.89 c 3.38 c 2.17 c 1.38 cd
A2B2 4.37 a 3.62 b 2.70 a 1.62 b
A2B3 4.29 a 3.79 a 2.73 a 1.80 a
2005
,- Average 4.18 3.60 2.53 1.60

A1B1 3.62 d 3.28 e 2.08 d 1.27 d
A1B2 4.16 b 3.47 d 2.47 c 1.55 b
A1B3 4.11 b 3.65 c 2.52 bc 1.54 b
,- Average 3.96 3.47 2.36 1.45

A2B1 3.85 c 3.47 d 2.15 d 1.42 bc
A2B2 4.42 a 3.89 a 2.88 a 1.53 b
A2B3 4.36 a 3.74 ab 2.66 b 1.82 a
2006
,- Average 4.21 3.70 2.57 1.59
A1; A2./; B1; B201!(FFP); B3!(SSNM); 234567 P<0.05
8,9:;<=>?@
A1: minimum tillage, no wheat residue returned; A2: minimum tillage, all wheat residue returned; B1: no N applied; B2: farmer fertil-
izer-N practice (FFP); B3: site-specific nitrogen management (SSNM). Values followed by a different letter are significantly different from the
control at P < 0.05.
 8 :    1431


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ST%UVW:,  OXVW Y Z[( 7)(
\ *+ ,  , 
 !QRCZ[ Y:>=), ]^_
Y`QRa>7bc)dbc?e !( 8),
! 19.9 kg hm−2f 5.0%(GH*
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2005 2006

 7   
Fig. 7 Proportion of potassium accumulation in leaf, stems and panicles at maturity
A1; A2 ; 0N ; FFP  ; SSNM 
A1: minimum tillage, no wheat residue returned; A2: minimum tillage, all wheat residue returned; 0N: no N applied; FFP: farmer fertilizer-N
practice; SSNM: site-specific nitrogen management.
1432      34


2005 2006

 8   !#
Fig. 8 Effect of wheat residue returned and site-specific nitrogen management on K transport from vegetative organs to panicle of
rice during grain filling
A1; A2 ; 0N ; FFP  ; SSNM 
A1: minimum tillage, no wheat residue returned; A2: minimum tillage, all wheat residue returned; 0N: no N applied; FFP: farmer fertilizer-N
practice; SSNM: site-specific nitrogen management.


2005 2006

 9  $%&!#
Fig. 9 Effect of wheat residue returned and site-specific nitrogen management on K harvest index
A1; A2 ; 0N ; FFP  ; SSNM 
A1: minimum tillage, no wheat residue returned; A2: minimum tillage, all wheat residue returned; 0N: no N applied;
FFP: farmer fertilizer-N practice; SSNM: site-specific nitrogen management.

Ãļº !JÈ, ŸµÉ²ÀOÃļº
“”ÊËf,–vw:̎ÍTδ, ÏÐÇ[21]
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 ¿ , ©u´w%ë , Ö×
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 8  :   ! 1433


J“ï𔩠, ñå%ò7‚€:(<
SSNM ó)mJ FFP  60%, ©)ô² FFP 
90%õö, P SSNM ©u´, ½
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 !¥(PG SSNM D
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References
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