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作 者 ：王连荣， 薛拥志， 常美花， 王莉

期 刊 ：核农学报 2016年 30卷 2期 页码：396-403

关键词：杏扁；脱落酸；赤霉素；生理指标；

Keywords:kernel apricot, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, physiological index,

摘 要 ：为防止杏扁花和幼果遭遇春季低温和晚霜的危害,以杏扁品种一窝蜂和优一为试料,研究不同浓度的外源激素ABA和GA₃对其花和幼果抗寒生理指标的影响。结果表明,在一窝蜂和优一花芽膨大期喷施不同浓度的ABA,可不同程度地降低其花和幼果中MDA含量,提高SOD、POD活性,提高可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量。与CK 相比,喷施20mg·L^-1 ABA的效果最佳,其中,一窝蜂花中MDA的含量降低了32.03%,SOD、POD活性分别提高了8.30%和17.41%,可溶性糖的含量提高了15.01%;优一幼果中MDA的含量降低了31.23%,SOD、POD活性分别提高了22.98%和16.74%,可溶性蛋白质含量提高了36.72%。在一窝蜂花芽膨大期喷施不同浓度的GA₃,可以降低其花和幼果中MDA含量,但与CK 相比未达到差异显著水平,未提高其花和幼果中SOD、POD活性,对可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量的影响也不大。因此,喷施ABA可以调节杏扁品种一窝蜂和优一的生理生化反应,提高其花和幼果的抗寒性,而通过喷施GA₃来提高一窝蜂花和幼果抗寒性的效果不明显。综上可知,在杏扁花芽膨大期喷施20mg·L^-1 ABA,可预防其花和幼果遭遇春季低温和晚霜的危害。本研究对杏扁花和幼果期有效防寒具有指导意义。

Abstract:In order to prevent flowers and young fruits of kernel apricot were damaged by late frost and low temperature in spring, we looked for protection measures. Effects of different concentrations of exogenous hormone ABA and GA₃ on cold resistant physiology of flowers and young fruits of Yiwofeng and Youyi were studied. The results showed that in the flowers and young fruits of Yiwofeng and Youyi, MDA contents were decreased, while the activities of SOD and POD enzyme were enhanced, however the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar were increased in different degree, by spraying different concentrations of ABA on the buds during the bud intumescence stage. The effect of spraying concentration of 20 mg · L^-1 ABA was the best. Compared with CK, MDA contents were decreased by 32.03%, while the activities of SOD and POD enzyme were enhanced by 8.3% and 17.41%, and the contents of soluble sugar were increased by 15.01% in the flowers of Yiwofeng. And MDA contents were decreased by 31.23%, and the activities of SOD and POD enzyme were enhanced by22.98% and 16.74%, and the contents of soluble protein were increased by 36.72% in the young fruits of Youyi. In the flowers and young fruits of Yiwofeng, MDA contents were decreased, but did not reach significant difference compared with CK, the activities of SOD and POD enzyme were not enhanced, and the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar were not increased, by spraying different concentrations of GA₃ on the buds during the bud of Yiwofeng intumescence stage. It is concluded that the way of spraying ABA can improve cold resistance of flowers and young fruits of Yiwofeng and Youyi, by adjusting its physiological and biochemical processes, but the way of spraying GA₃ can not improve cold resistance of flowers and young fruits of Yiwofeng. During the bud intumescence stage, spraying 20 mg · L^-1 ABA can prevent flowers and young fruits of kernel apricot were damaged by late frost and low temperature in spring. It provides guidance basis on protection measures for flowers and young fruits of kernel apricot.

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