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作 者 ：李永旗, 夏绍南, 李鹏程, 刘敬然, 刘爱忠, 孙淼, 王晓茹, 王刚, 董合林

期 刊 ：核农学报 2016年 30卷 3期 页码：580-587

关键词：花铃期；叶施；棉株；氮素分配；生理生化特性；

Keywords:flowering and boll-forming stage, foliar apply, cotton plant, nitrogen distribution, physiological and biochemical characteristics,

摘 要 ：为明确花铃期棉花叶面喷施尿素的适宜浓度,以中棉所79号为材料,采用随机区组试验,设0.00(CK)、0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04 kg·L^-15个浓度的¹⁵N-尿素处理,于花铃期进行叶面喷施,并利用¹⁵N同位素示踪技术,研究叶施尿素对棉株氮素分配规律及生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,喷施¹⁵N-尿素各处理棉株根、茎、叶、花铃中¹⁵N含量变化趋势相同,均随着喷施浓度的增加而升高;¹⁵N含量在棉株各部位的分配规律基本相同,即根7.5%~8.5%、茎12.6%~13.4%、叶45.5%~47.5%、花31.9%~32.7%。根据拟合的回归方程确定花铃期棉花叶面喷施尿素的适宜浓度为0.0324kg·L^-1(6.78 kg·hm^-2)。此外,花铃期叶面施氮可以增强硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,增加叶面积,形成合理的群体叶面积系数,提高叶绿素含量,促进光合作用,从而促进棉株的生长发育,提高棉花产量。本研究为棉花专用叶面肥的研制提供了理论数据。

Abstract:In order to clarify the optimum urea concentration of foliar spraying the studies used ¹⁵N isotope tracer technique to investigate the effects of foliage spraying urea on nitrogen distribution, physiological and biochemical characteristics of cotton plant. The study was undertaken on cotton cultivar CCRI79 which was foliar sprayed with five different concentrations (0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 kg·L^-1) of ¹⁵N-urea solution at flowering and boll-forming stages. And we used a randomized block design in this experiment.The results showed that the ¹⁵N content in root, stem, leave and flower of cotton had consistent trend which increased with increasing concentration in all treatments. By spraying different concentrations of ¹⁵N-urea, thedistribution of ¹⁵N contentin all parts of the cotton plant was basically the same, which was of 7.5%~8.5% in root, 12.6%~13.4% in stem, 45.5% ~47.5% in leave, 31.9% ~32.7% in boll, respectively.And according to the fitted regression equationthe suitable urea concentration forfoliar application was 0.0324kg·L^-1atflowering and boll-forming stages.In summary,at cotton flowering and boll-forming stages, foliar nitrogen application could promote photosynthesis by increasing the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase, increasing the chlorophyll content, improving leaf area and forming a reasonableleaf area index of cotton group. In short, this approach can promote thecotton plant growth and increase cotton production. The experiment could provide theoretical data for the development of cotton foliar fertilizer.

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