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Additional Notes on the Begonia Sect. Petermannia (Begoniaceae) from China

中国秋海棠属等翅组的补遗



全 文 :中国秋海棠属等翅组的补遗∗
汪  健1ꎬ 陈文红1ꎬ HUGHES Mark2ꎬ 杨珍珍1ꎬ3ꎬ 税玉民1∗∗
(1 中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室ꎬ 昆明  650201ꎻ
2 爱丁堡皇家植物园ꎬ 英国 爱丁堡ꎻ 3 中国科学院大学ꎬ 北京  100049)
摘要: 报道了中国秋海棠属等翅组一新种ꎬ 即赤车叶秋海棠 (Begonia pellionioides Y􀆰 M. Shui & W􀆰 H. Chen)ꎮ
此新种特产于云南东南部的石灰岩山生境ꎬ 与海南秋海棠 (Begonia hainanensis Chun & F. Chun) 相似ꎬ 但
不同在于其叶片较长ꎬ 叶基楔形ꎬ 叶尖渐尖至尾尖ꎬ 花被片背面具刺毛ꎬ 蒴果具上边缘平截的三角形翅ꎮ
此外ꎬ 补充描述了秋海棠属等翅组拟长柄秋海棠 (Begonia sublongipes Y􀆰 M. Shui) 的花部特征ꎮ
关键词: 秋海棠属ꎻ 赤车叶秋海棠ꎻ 拟长柄秋海棠ꎻ 秋海棠科ꎻ 等翅组ꎻ 云南ꎻ 中国
中图分类号: Q 949              文献标志码: A              文章编号: 2095-0845(2015)05-563-06
Additional Notes on the Begonia Sect. Petermannia
(Begoniaceae) from China
WANG Jian1ꎬ CHEN Wen ̄hong1ꎬ HUGHES Mark2ꎬ YANG Zhen ̄zhen1ꎬ3ꎬ SHUI Yu ̄min1∗∗
( 1 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asiaꎬ Kunming Institute of Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy
of Sciencesꎬ Kunming 650201ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburghꎬ Edinburghꎬ UKꎻ
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100049ꎬ China)
Abstract: Begonia pellionioides Y􀆰 M. Shui & W􀆰 H. Chenꎬ a new species of the genus Begonia L. (sect. Peterman ̄
nia (Klotzsch) A. DC.ꎬ Begoniaceae)ꎬ is described and illustrated. The new species is endemic to limestone areas
in Southeastern Yunnan Provinceꎬ Chinaꎬ and is most similar to Begonia hainanensis Chun & F. Chun but distin ̄
guished by its more elongated leaves with cuneate base and acuminate to caudate apexꎬ tepals adaxially with spiny
hairs and sharply triangular capsule ̄wings with truncate superior margin. Besidesꎬ the unknown flower morphology of
previously published Begonia sublongipes Y􀆰 M. Shui in Begonia sect. Petermannia is described.
Key words: Begoniaꎻ Begonia pellionioidesꎻ Begoniaceaeꎻ section Petermanniaꎻ Yunnanꎻ China
  Sect. Petermannia (Klotzsch) A. DC. is one of
the largest sections in the Begonia L. and currently
comprises 290 species in Asia ( Hughesꎬ 2008ꎻ
Hughes et al.ꎬ 2009ꎻ Kiew and Sangꎬ 2007ꎻ Tho ̄
mas et al.ꎬ 2009aꎬ bꎬ 2011ꎻ Sang et al.ꎬ 2013)
with Malaysia being a centre of diversity. The section
is characterized by its members in having usually up ̄
right stems without tubers or rhizomesꎬ 3 ̄locular
fruit with bifid placentaeꎬ and protogynous inflores ̄
cences with female flowers basal and male flowers
distal (Doorenbos et al.ꎬ 1998).
During the field survey to the Hekou countyꎬ
southeastern Yunnan Provinceꎬ Chinaꎬ near northern
Vietnam on August 27ꎬ 2005ꎬ we collected a species of
Begonia with only male flowersꎬ initially misidentified
as Begonia boisiana Gagnepain from Vietnam (Shui
植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报  2015ꎬ 37 (5): 563~568
Plant Diversity and Resources                                    DOI: 10.7677 / ynzwyj201514154

∗∗
Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070174)
Author for correspondenceꎻ E ̄mail: ymshui@mail􀆰 kib􀆰 ac􀆰 cn
Received date: 2014-11-12ꎬ Accepted date: 2015-01-08
作者简介: 汪健 (1986-) 男ꎬ 研究实习员ꎬ 主要从事植被分类研究ꎮ E ̄mail: wangjian@mail􀆰 kib􀆰 ac􀆰 cn
and Chenꎬ 2006). On September 6ꎬ 2013ꎬ we made a
repeat field expedition to the same locality and collect ̄
ed specimens with female flowers and mature fruits. A
detailed study of current literature (Averyanov and
Nguyenꎬ 2012ꎻ Nguyen and Tebbittꎬ 2005ꎻ Huang
and Shuiꎬ 2006ꎻ Hughesꎬ 2007ꎻ Kiewꎬ 2007ꎻ Ku et
al.ꎬ 2007ꎻ Pham ̄Hoangꎬ 1999ꎻ Shui et al.ꎬ 2002ꎻ
Shui and Chenꎬ 2004ꎻ Wu and Kuꎬ 1995) and her ̄
barium specimens revealed that it represented a re ̄
markable new species of Begonia sect. Petermannia.
Begonia sublongipes Y􀆰 M. Shui was first desc ̄
ribed in sect. Petermannia by SHUI Yu ̄min & CHEN
Wen ̄hong from Hainanꎬ China (2004). The species
has been confirmed as belonging to a clade with oth ̄
er species in sect. Petermanniaꎬ according to chloro ̄
plast genome sequence data ( Tian et al.ꎬ 2014).
Howeverꎬ the species remained known only from its
type collection that lacked flowers in 1934 before our
study. In 2011ꎬ during botanical surveys in Hainanꎬ
it was rediscovered by one of the authors (SHUI Yu ̄
min)ꎬ allowing the flowers to be described and con ̄
firming its rarity.
赤车叶秋海棠 (新种)
Begonia pellionioides Y􀆰 M. Shui & W􀆰 H. Chenꎬ
sp. nov.
TYPE: China. Yunnan Provinceꎬ Hekou Countyꎬ
Nanxi Townꎬ Longyinchong villageꎬ 22° 40′ 8″ Nꎬ
104°1′16″ Eꎬ alt. ca. 910 mꎬ in broad ̄leaved forest
on limestone mountain slopeꎬ September 6ꎬ 2013ꎬ
Y􀆰 M. Shui et al. B2013 ̄531 (holotype: KUNꎻ iso ̄
types: E and PE). Paratype: the same localityꎬ Au ̄
gust 27ꎬ 2005ꎬ Y􀆰 M. Shui et al. 44591 ( KUN).
(Fig􀆰 1: A-Gꎬ Fig􀆰 2).
Diagnostic description: The new species is
similar to Begonia hainanensis Chun & F. Chun but
distinguished by its more elongated leaves with cune ̄
ate base and acuminate to caudate apexꎬ tepals ad ̄
axially with spiny hairs and sharply triangular cap ̄
sule ̄wings with truncate superior margin.
Perennial and monoecious herb. Stems erectꎬ
redꎬ up to 80 cm tallꎬ branched or notꎬ glabrousꎬ
swollen at nodes. Internodes 2-8 cm apartꎬ shorter
near the stem apex. Leaves caulineꎬ alternateꎬ dis ̄
tichousꎻ stipules membranousꎬ caducousꎬ ovate to
triangularꎬ 0􀆰 7-1􀆰 5 × 0􀆰 4-0􀆰 7 cmꎬ margin entireꎬ
apex acuminateꎬ sub ̄glabrousꎻ petioles 0􀆰 5-1􀆰 0 cm
longꎬ sparsely to densely pubescentꎻ leaf blade el ̄
liptic ̄lanceolate to lanceolateꎬ sometimes adaxially
with white spots in young plantsꎬ 12-15 × 3-4 cmꎬ
adaxially glabrousꎬ abaxially short hairs restricted to
the main veinsꎬ basal insertion asymmetricꎬ base
rounded to cuneateꎬ margin remotely serrateꎬ apex
acuminate to caudateꎬ lateral veins 4-7 pairsꎬ mid ̄
vein and lateral veins raised or slightly raised abaxi ̄
ally. Inflorescence: axillary dichasial cymeꎬ 3 - 7 ̄
floweredꎻ pedicels 0􀆰 5-2 cm longꎬ redꎬ glabrous.
Fig􀆰 1  A-G: Begonia pellionioides Y􀆰 M. Shui & W􀆰 H. Chen
A. Part of a branchꎻ B. Male flowerꎬ face viewꎻ C. Male flowerꎬ posterior
viewꎻ D. Female flowerꎬ face viewꎻ E. Female flowerꎬ lateral viewꎻ
F. Middle section of the ovaryꎻ G. Fruits. H-J: Begonia sublongipes
Y􀆰 M. Shuiꎻ H. Pistilꎻ I. Male flowerꎬ face viewꎻ J. Male flowerꎬ
posterior view. (Drawn by LIU Yue)
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Male flowers: tepals 4ꎬ dark redꎬ outer 2 suborbicu ̄
larꎬ apex obtuseꎬ base roundꎬ margin entireꎬ ca. 5
× 5 mmꎬ spiny ̄pilose on abaxial surfaceꎻ inner 2
ovate ̄lanceolateꎬ apex acuteꎬ base cuneateꎬ margin
Fig􀆰 2  Begonia pellionioides Y􀆰 M. Shui & W􀆰 H. Chen
A. Habitatꎻ B. Leaves with white dotsꎻ C. Male flowerꎻ D. Face view of female flowerꎻ E. Wing view of female flowerꎻ
F. Fruitsꎻ G. Middle section of the ovaryꎻ H. Basal section of the fruit. Scale bars: Aꎬ B= 3 cmꎻ
Cꎬ Dꎬ G= 3 mmꎻ Eꎬ H= 2 mmꎻ F= 1 cm. (Taken by SHUI Yu ̄min)
5655期        WANG Jian et al.: Additional notes on the Begonia sect. Petermannia (Begoniaceae) from China         
entireꎬ ca. 4 × 2-3 mmꎬ glabrousꎻ androecium ca. 3
mm longꎬ stamens 20-40ꎬ filaments ca. 1 mm longꎬ
fused at the baseꎬ anthers ca. 2 mm longꎬ oblong.
Female flowers: tepals 5ꎬ dark redꎬ ovate or broadly
ovateꎬ ca. 5 × 2-4􀆰 5 mmꎬ spiny ̄pilose on abaxial
surfaceꎬ the inner 3 smaller than the outer 2ꎻ styles
3ꎬ connate below middleꎻ stigmas bifidꎬ helically
contortedꎬ papillateꎻ ovary glabrousꎬ 3 ̄locularꎬ pla ̄
cental branch 2 ̄lobed per locule. Capsule ellipticꎬ
redꎻ wings 3ꎬ equal or slightly unequalꎬ the front
edge truncateꎬ back edge convexꎬ 7-8􀆰 5 mm long
in the middleꎬ 1 - 1􀆰 5 mm wide. Seeds numerousꎬ
brownꎬ ca. 0􀆰 5 mm long. Flowering in July to Au ̄
gustꎻ fruiting in August to September.
Habitat and distribution: This new species only
grows on moist soil under mossy evergreen broad ̄
leaved forests ( the shrub layer is mainly composed
of bamboo) on limestone mountain slopesꎬ at alti ̄
tudes of ca. 910 m in Hekou county of SE Yunnanꎬ
China (the type locality) .
Conservation status: B􀆰 pellionioides is current ̄
ly only known from a single site following a year ̄long
survey by two of co ̄authors (SHUI Yu ̄Min and CHEN
Wen ̄Hong) in the Southeastern Yunnanꎬ China. Our
field observations on September 6ꎬ 2013 revealed
only about 20 mature individuals (ca. ≥ 40 cm tall)
and about 10 young individuals (10 - 30 cm tall)
belonging to this population. Although this is a pri ̄
meval forestꎬ the usage right of the land is held by
individual households. The farmers were preparing to
deforest this land for agriculture according to our sur ̄
vey. Thereforeꎬ a population size reduction of ≥80%
may be expected to be met within the next 10 years.
Hence we consider a category of Critically Endan ̄
gered (CR A3c) to be appropriate for this species
(IUCNꎬ 2012ꎻ IUCN Standards and Petitions Sub ̄
committeeꎬ 2013).
拟长柄秋海棠
Begonia sublongipes Y􀆰 M. Shui in Acta Botanica
Yunnanicaꎬ 26 (5): 482ꎬ 2004. Fig􀆰 1: H-Jꎬ Fig􀆰 3
Additional description: Cyme dichasialꎬ 3-4 ̄
floweredꎬ axillaryꎻ peduncles 1-1􀆰 5 cm longꎻ bracts
ellipticꎬ slightly pinkishꎬ 2 - 3 × 1 - 1􀆰 5 mmꎬ gla ̄
brousꎻ pedicels 4-6 mm longꎬ glabrous. male flow ̄
ers: tepals 4ꎬ pinkishꎬ glabrousꎬ outer 2 sub ̄orbi ̄
cularꎬ apex obtuseꎬ base roundedꎬ margin entireꎬ ca.
4􀆰 5 × 4􀆰 5 mmꎻ inner 2 ellipticꎬ apex roundꎬ base
cuneateꎬ margin entireꎬ ca. 3 × 1-1􀆰 5 mmꎻ androe ̄
cium 1􀆰 4-1􀆰 5 mm longꎬ stamens 25-35ꎻ filaments
ca. 0􀆰 5 mm longꎬ slightly fused at the baseꎻ anthers
oblong ca. 1􀆰 6 mm longꎬ with longitudinal slitsꎬ
connective slightly extended and retuse at the apex.
Female flowers: pedicel with two bracteoles at the a ̄
pexꎻ bracteoles slightly alternateꎬ ovateꎬ ca. 2 × 1􀆰 5
mmꎻ tepals 5 (rarely 4)ꎬ pinkishꎬ ovateꎬ ca. 4 mm
longꎬ persistentꎬ the inner ones smaller than the out ̄
er onesꎻ styles 3ꎬ connate below middleꎻ stigmas
bifidꎬ helically contortedꎬ papillateꎻ ovary glabrousꎬ
3 ̄locularꎬ with placentas 2 ̄branched. Young fruit
wings front edge and back edge convexꎬ ca. 0􀆰 7 cm
longꎬ 0􀆰 1 cm wide. Flowering in August.
Additional specimens examined: CHINA: Hai ̄
nan Provinceꎬ Qionghai Countyꎬ Huishan Provincial
Natural Reserveꎬ in secondary forests along the wet
valley near brookꎬ 19°03′57􀆰 50″ Nꎬ 110°09′18″ Eꎬ
alt. ca. 500 mꎬ August 3ꎬ 2011ꎬ Y􀆰 M. Shui et al.
B2011 ̄116 (KUN).
Notes: The species is unusual amongst Chinese
Begonia in having two bracteoles near the ovaryꎬ
which are also seen in B􀆰 hainanensisꎬ Begonia yui
Irmsch. (Ku et al.ꎬ 2007).
Conservation status: The rediscovery of B􀆰 sub ̄
longipes in Hainan Province after nearly 70 years has
shown its rarity. The plants are only distributed at
the edge of the secondary seasonal rainy forests at
the Huishan Provincial Natural Reserve in Hainan
Province with some disturbance by local people. Our
field observation indicated that only a unique popu ̄
lation of about 16 mature individuals existed in an
valley of about ca. 3 000 m2ꎬ and thus the conserva ̄
tion status of this species should be classified as Crit ̄
ically Endangered (CR B1ꎬ D) (IUCNꎬ 2012ꎻ IUCN
Standards and Petitions Subcommitteeꎬ 2013).
665                                  植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报                            第 37卷
Fig􀆰 3  Begonia sublongipes Y􀆰 M. Shui
A. Habitatꎻ B. Two bracteoles and female flowerꎬ lateral viewꎻ C. Female flowerꎬ face viewꎻ D-E. Fruitꎬ face viewꎻ
F. Two bracts and male flowerꎬ posterior viewꎻ G. Male flowerꎬ posterior viewꎻ H. Male flowerꎬ face view.
Scale bars: A= 8 cmꎬ B= 5 mmꎬ C-H= 2 mm. (Taken by SHUI Yu ̄min)
7655期        WANG Jian et al.: Additional notes on the Begonia sect. Petermannia (Begoniaceae) from China         
Acknowledgements: We are thankful to Mr. YU Zhi ̄yong in
Fenshuiling National Natural Reserveꎬ Mr. YANG Jian ̄guo in
Daweishan National Natural Reserve and Mrs LI Jing ̄xiu in
Kunming Botanic Garden for their helps in the surveys. The
project of Integrated Scientific Surveys to Daweishan National
Park in China. We thank Mrs LIU Yue for making the drawing.
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