摘 要 ：丙酯草醚(ZJ0273)是具有我国自主知识产权的新型除草剂,为明确其应用前景,采用室外盆栽法和温室盆栽法,以油菜田发生的主要杂草为试材,对新型除草剂10％丙酯草醚EC杀草谱、施药适期和作用速度等特性进行了研究,并对作物的安全性和除草效果进行了总结和分析。结果发现,该药剂在60 g ai/hm2剂量下,对看麦娘、日本看麦娘、牛繁缕、小藜、菵草、硬草、早熟禾、棒头草、刺果毛茛和荠菜等10种杂草的防效在80％以上;该药剂属于缓效型除草剂,杂草1~3叶期为施药适期;丙酯草醚对甘蓝型双低油菜品种的安全剂量是推荐用量的2倍;不同地区田间使用丙酯草醚防除油菜田杂草应在杂草1~3叶期施药,推荐剂量为45~60 g ai/hm2,总体除草效果为72.3%~97.6%。
Abstract:The control spectrum, suitable application time and action speed of the novel herbicide ZJ0273 were studied with conventional outdoor and greenhouse pot-test methods. The security of herbicide to oilseed rape and controlling effect in field trial were tested. The results showed that the sensitive weeds to ZJ0273 at the application rate of 60 g ai/hm2 were mainly gramineous weeds, such as Alopecurus aequalis, A. japonicus, Malachium aquaticum, Chenopodium serotinum, Poa annua, Sclerochloa kengiana, Beckmannia syzigachne, Polypogon fugax, Ranunculus japonicus and Capsella buras-pastoris with the efficacy over 80%. The herbicide was a slow-acting herbicide, and the suitable application time was in early 1-3 leaf postemergence stage of the weeds. The safe dosage to Huyou No.15 (Brassica napus L.), a new rapeseed variety, doubled the recommended maximum dosage. An application dosage of 45-60 g ZJ0273 ai/hm2 in early 1-3 leaf postemergence stage of the weeds was recommended, and the total weed-control effect was among 72.3%-97.6%.