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期 刊 ：植物保护学报 2006年

关键词：特有植物；杀虫活性；

Keywords:Chinese indigenous plant, insecticidal activity,

摘 要 ：报道我国特有植物华蟹甲草、秃杉、黄花鸡爪草、大血藤、血水草、崖白菜和七叶一枝花的杀虫活性。5种特有植物甲醇提取物对家蝇48 h的致死率均在70%以上,华蟹甲草93.10%、银杏(果)85.71%、七叶一枝花82.76%、黄花鸡爪草79.31%和秃杉(茎)71.03%。血水草和崖白菜对亚洲玉米螟3龄幼虫48 h的拒食率分别为52.81%和62.88%,经大血藤、血水草和崖白菜处理后,亚洲玉米螟还出现化蛹延迟的现象。所筛选的特有植物对赤拟谷盗种群的毒杀作用和繁殖抑制作用较低,其中毒杀作用最好的为七叶一枝花,处理后30天赤拟谷盗的死亡率也仅为25.80%,繁殖抑制率最强的为八角莲(根),处理后60天繁殖抑制率为39.42%。以甲醇冷浸提取法对所采集的特有植物材料的提取率分布在1.54%~16.12%之间。

Abstract:Insecticidal activities of Chinese indigenous plants Sinacalia tangutica(Maxim.)B.Nord.,Taiwania flousiana Gaussen,Calathodes palmata Hook. F.et Thoms., Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd. et Wils., Eomecon chionantha Hance, Triaenophora rupestris (Hemsl.)Soler., and Paris polyphylla Smith were reported. Methanol extracts of five species showed toxicity against adult house flies with mortalities above 70% 48 h after treatment(S.tangutica 93.10%,Ginkgo biloba L.(fruit)85.71%, P.polyphylla 82.76%, C.palmata 79.31% and T.flousiana (stem) 71.03%, respectively). The antifeedant rates of E.chionantha and T.rupestris against the third instar larvae of Ostrinia furnacalis Guenea 48 h after treatment were 52.81% and 62.88%, respectively. Pupation delay of O.furnacalis was observed with treatment of S.cuneata, E.chionantha and T.rupestris. However, the tested plants showed weak toxicity and reproduction inhibition activity against Tribolium castaneum (L.), with the highest toxicity rate caused by P.polyphylla only being 25.80% 30 d after treatment, and the highest reproduction inhibition by Dysosma versipellis(Hance)M.Cheng(stem)being 39.42% 60 d after treatment.The methanol extraction rates of these plants varied from 1.54% to 16.12% by cold soaking method.

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