为揭示钾素营养与玉米产量形成的关系，研究了3个施钾水平（K₂O　0、113和225 kg/hm²）对玉米生育后期植株不同器官干重及氮、磷、钾积累和转运的影响。结果显示，施钾能显著提高玉米产量。随着施钾量的增加，玉米生育后期干物质积累的最大速率和平均速率提高，最大速率出现时间提前。玉米干物质在各器官中的分配比例随生长发育中心的转移而变化。生育后期干物质和养分由营养体向子粒转运，其中干物质和氮、磷主要来源于穗部营养体的转运，而钾则主要来源于叶片的转运。子粒中氮、磷、钾的积累量分别占总积累量的50.3%～57.1%，59.6%～67.2%和14.0%～33.3%。施钾不但能增加子粒中干物质和氮、磷、钾养分的分配比例，而且还有助于提高干物质和氮、磷、钾养分向子粒转运的转运率。氮的转运率以K₁处理最大，为45.7%；干物质、磷和钾的转运率以K₂处理最大，分别为7.4%、62.6%和22.4%；子粒养分中54.5%～60.6%的氮，56.0%～85.8%的磷及52.4%～100.0%的钾可以依赖于营养体的转运。

Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of potassium (K) nutrition on dry matter and nutrient accumulation and distribution under three K levels (K₂O 0, 113 and 225 kg/ha）at reproductive stage of maize to explore the relationship between K nutrition and grain formation in maize. Results indicated that maize yield was significantly increased by K application. Both the maximum and average dry matter accumulation rate was accelerated, and the maximum dry matter accumulation rate occurred early by K application. The distribution proportion of dry matter in different organs varied distinctly. Dry matter, N and P in grain was mainly translocated from spike, and K in grain was mainly translocated from leaves. The contribution percentage of grain nutrient absorption to the whole plant at maturity was 50.3%–57.1%，59.6%–67.2%, and 14.0%–33.3% for N, P and K, respectively. K application could not only increase the distribution proportion of dry matter, N, P, and K nutrition to grain, but also enhance their translocation rates. The maximum N translocation rates of 45.7% was obtained by K1 treatment, while the maximum dry matter, P and K translocation rate of 7.4%, 62.6% and 22.4% was achieved by K₂ treatment. 54.5%–60.6% of N, 56.0%–85.8% of P and 52.4%–100.0% of K in grain relied on nutrient translocation from vegetative parts.