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作 者 ：王富林 周乐 李洪娜 门永阁 葛顺峰 魏绍冲 姜远茂

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 5期 页码：1102-1108

关键词：富士苹果；NP施肥配比；15N-尿素；吸收；利用；分配；

Keywords:Keywords:Fujiapple, NPfertilizationratio, 15N-urea, absorption, utilization, distribution,

摘 要 ：以3年生富士幼树为试材，采用15N同位素标记示踪法研究了不同氮磷配比施肥对富士苹果幼树生长和15N-尿素吸收、分配及利用的影响。试验设3个氮水平(N 110、165、220 kg/hm²，分别为 N1、N2、N3）和3个磷水平（P₂O₅ 170、255、340 kg/hm²，分别为P1、P2、P3），共9个处理。结果表明，不同氮磷配比处理间富士幼树总干重、叶绿素含量差异显著，以N1P2处理对总干重累积和提高叶绿素含量最佳，最适宜富士苹果幼树的生长。不同氮、 磷处理间蒸腾速率差异显著，N2P3处理最大为2.24 mmol/(m²·s)，N1P1、N1P2处理最低为1.43 mmol/(m²·s)；光合速率则以N1P3处理最大为13.46 μmol/(m²·s)，N3P3处理最低为9.76 μmol/(m²·s)。不同氮磷配比处理并没有改变树体各器官间N15丰度（Ndff）的高低顺序和15N分配规律，但同一器官的Ndff和15N分配率在不同处理间有所不同，在N1水平下富士幼树地上部新生营养器官（新梢、叶片）对¹⁵N的征调能力最好，且强于贮藏器官（主干、根）；低、中氮（N1、N2）水平下磷用量与光合效率成正比，高氮（N3）水平下高磷强烈抑制光合效率。不同氮磷配比¹⁵N-尿素的利用率以N1P2处理最高为13.6%。综上所述，各氮磷配比处理中N1P2为最优处理，建议在富士幼树生产栽培中按照N1P2配比进行施肥。

Abstract:Abstract: The effects of different NP proportions on growth and absorption, distribution and utilization of N were studied using the 15N--labeled tracer method in 3-year-old Fuji apple saplings. Three N levels (110、165、220 kg/hm2，recorded as N1、N2、N3）and three P levels（170、255、340 kg/hm2，recorded asP1、P2、P3）, total 9 treatments were designed in the experiment. The results show that N1P2 fertilization ratio on the total dry weight accumulation and increased Chlorophyll content of Fuji apple saplings in different NP treatments is best, and there are significant differences among the treatments. The transpiration rates in N2P3 ratio is maximum with a value of 2.24 mmol/(m2.s), while the N1P1 and N1P2 ratios are minimum with a value of 1.43 mmol/(m2.s), and the photosynthetic rate of the N1P3 is maximum with a value of 13.46 umol/(m2.s), while the N3P3 ratio is minimum with a value of 9.76 umol.m-2.s-1. The Ndff order and partition rule of 15N of various tree organs are not changed under different NP treatments, while the Ndff and partition ratios of 15N of same organ are different, the 15N requisition ability of Fuji saplings shoot new nutritorium (new shoot, leaf) at the level of N1 was best, and it was stronger than storage organs (roots, trunk); the phosphorus content in N1、N2 levels is proportional to photosynthetic efficiency, while high phosphorus strongly inhibited the photosynthetic efficiency in high nitrogen (N3) levels. The 15N- urea use efficiencies of the N1P2 in different NP treatments are up to 13.6%. In summary, the N1P2 in different NP treatments is optimal, which is recommended to the fertilization in Fuji apple saplings’ production and cultivation.

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