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作 者 ：冯洋 陈海飞 胡孝明 蔡红梅 徐芳森

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 1期 页码：7-16

关键词：高；中；低产田；水稻产量；氮肥施用量；氮肥利用率；

Keywords:High, Middle, and Low yield paddy fields, rice yield, nitrogen fertilizer application, nitrogen use efficiency,

摘 要 ：为探明不同施氮水平对湖北省高、 中、 低产田水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响。选用水稻品种两优培九为供试品种，采用大田小区试验，探索不同地力水平（高、 中、 低）下稻田的最佳施氮量，考察不同施氮水平对不同地力水平水稻产量及产量构成因素、 氮肥贡献率、 土壤氮素依存率和氮肥利用率的影响规律。结果表明， 在2011年大田试验中，高产田和中产田都在施氮量为N 180 kg/hm² 的处理中获得最高产量，分别比CK增产10为探明不同施氮水平对湖北省高、 中、 低产田水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响。选用水稻品种两优培九为供试品种，采用大田小区试验，探索不同地力水平（高、 中、 低）下稻田的最佳施氮量，考察不同施氮水平对不同地力水平水稻产量及产量构成因素、 氮肥贡献率、 土壤氮素依存率和氮肥利用率的影响规律。结果表明， 在2011年大田试验中，高产田和中产田都在施氮量为N 180 kg/hm² 的处理中获得最高产量，分别比CK增产10.70%、 27.23%；而低产田则是在施氮为N 240 kg/hm²处理中产量达到最大，比CK增产44.70%。在2012年大田试验中，高产田、 低产田均在施氮为N 180 kg/hm² 时达到最高产量，分别比CK增产12.43%、 74.19%；而中产田在施氮处理为N 240 kg/hm² 时达到最大，比CK增产28.80%。在一定范围内，施氮量越高，氮肥农学利用率和氮肥生理利用率越高，偏生产力越低。综合产量、 产量构成因子以及氮肥利用率得出高产田与中产田适宜施氮量为N 120~180 kg/hm²，低产田适宜施氮量为N 180~240 kg/hm²。适宜施氮量上低产田>中产田>高产田。

Abstract:Effects of different nitrogen application rates on grain yield of rice and nitrogen use efficiency in high,  middle and low yield paddy fields in Hubei Province were studied. Field trials were carried out to investigate the optimum N application rate on rice cultivar,  Liangyoupeijiu in paddy fields with different yield levels (high,  middle and low),  and to observe the effect law of different N application rates on rice yield and its components,  N fertilization contribution rate,  soil N dependent rate and N use efficiency. The results obtained in the 2011 field trial show that both high and middle yield fields have the highest rice grain yields under the treatment of  N 180 kg/ha,  with 10.70% and 27.23% yield increases respectively compared to the treatment of CK,  while the highest yield in the low-yield field is acquired under the treatment of N 240 kg/ha,  which is 44.70% higher than that of the CK. Both high and low yield field spots achieve the highest rice grain yields under the treatment of N 180 kg/ha,  with 12.43% and 74.19% yield increases respectively compared to the treatment of CK in 2012,  and the highest yield in middle yield field spot is acquired under the treatment of N 240 kg/ha,  which is 28.80% higher than that of the CK. At some certain range,  with the increase of the N application rate,  the N agronomic efficiency and N physiological efficiency are increased,  while the partial factor productivity is decreased. By the analysis of yield,  yield components and N use efficiency,  we conclude that the optimum N application rates are N 120-180 kg/ha in high and middle yield fields,  and are N 180-240 kg/ha in low-yield fields. The optimum N application rate is in order,  low yield field> middle yield field>high yield field.

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