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作 者 ：孙瑶，张民，陈海宁，马庆旭，马金昭

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2014年 20卷 5期 页码：1221-1233

关键词：铜基叶面肥；控释肥；辣椒；生理特性；叶片保护酶活性；

Keywords:copper-based foliar fertilizers, controlled release fertilizers, pepper, physiological characteristics, protective enzyme activities of leaves,

摘 要 ：  【目的】针对辣椒喜肥、耐肥、对水分要求严格的特点，采用铜基叶面肥、控释肥两种新技术，研究了叶面喷施铜基叶面肥和土施控释肥对辣椒产量、矿质养分在植株体内的分布、保护性酶活性以及果实品质的影响，为提高果蔬产量和改善品质提供理论依据。【方法】分别于2011年4~11月和2012年3~9月，在山东农业大学南校区“土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室新型肥料中试基地”， 以“赤峰牛角王”为供试辣椒品种设置肥料盆栽试验，试验设8个处理： 1）喷清水土壤不施肥对照（CKW-NF）；2）喷清水+土施普通肥（CKW+CCF）； 3）喷清水+土施控释肥（CKW+CRF）； 4）喷清水+土施控释肥+保水剂（CKW+CRF+W）； 5）喷铜基叶面肥土壤不施肥（CBFF-NF）； 6）喷铜基叶面肥+土施普通肥（CBFF+CCF）； 7）喷铜基叶面肥+土施控释肥（CBFF+CRF）；8）喷铜基叶面肥+土施控释肥+保水剂（CBFF+CRF+W）。采用称重法测定辣椒产量，于收获期取果实及叶片鲜样用于果实品质和生理生化指标测定，植株各部位干样用于微量元素测定。【结果】1）两年内喷施铜基叶面肥和土施控释肥均能提高辣椒产量，其中叶面喷施铜基叶面肥+土施控释肥+保水剂（CBFF+CRF+W）组合对辣椒产量的提高幅度最大，与CKW+CRF+W相比2011年增产24.1%，2012年增产29.0%。2）相同的土壤施肥条件下，与喷清水相比，喷施铜基叶面肥能够显著提高辣椒植株体内的铜浓度。其中，土施控释肥加保水剂基础上喷施铜基叶面肥处理的辣椒果实中铜浓度比叶面喷清水显著提高了103.9%；土施控释肥条件下，叶面喷施铜基叶面肥较喷清水处理下的果实铜浓度增加了41.5%。3）喷施铜基叶面肥后，辣椒叶片的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性升高，而过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性下降。CBFF+CRF+W处理下的辣椒叶片SOD活性较CKW+CRF+W处理显著提高了26.6%，CBFF+CRF+W组合的叶片的POD活性和CAT活性与CKW+CRF差异显著。4）与喷清水处理相比，无论在土壤施用控释肥还是土壤施用控释肥+保水剂的条件下，叶面喷施铜基叶面肥均使辣椒果实可溶性蛋白和维生素C的含量显著提高，其增加幅度在12.8%~178.4%。【结论】综合考虑几种肥料组合，叶面喷施铜基叶面肥和土施控释肥可在一定程度上调控植株微量元素的积累，改善辣椒营养品质，提高辣椒产量。

Abstract:A pot experiment was conducted on pepper to evaluate the effects of copper based foliar fertilizers（CBFF） and controlled-release fertilizers(CRF) on the concentration of these nutrients, yield, quality, copper partitioning and activities of protective enzymes in plant. The results indicated that different interactions of CBFF and CRF had significant effects on yield. The optimal combination of fertilization for yield was CBFF+CRF+W. Under the optimal application condition, yields were significantly increased by 24.1% and 29.0%, respectively in the first year (2011) and the second year (2012). Under this condition, soluble protein content and vitamin C of pepper was significantly higher than the control. Compared to spraying clear water，foliar spraying copper fertilizer significantly increased copper concentration in the pepper plant. Meanwhile，the active oxygen that was produced by copper based foliar fertilizers leaded to an increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) activities. Application of CBFF decreased the catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The results indicate that appropriate combined fertilization management can increase micronutrients content in peppers and improve the yield and nutrition quality of peppers.

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