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作 者 ：李红波, 姜远茂, 彭福田, 赵林, 王磊, 房祥吉, 葛顺风

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 4期 页码：986-991

关键词：短枝型；普通型；15N-尿素；吸收；分配；利用；

Keywords:spur-type, common-type, 15N-urea, absorption, distribution, utilization,

摘 要 ：以15年生“惠民短枝”（短枝型）和“长富10”（普通型）红富士苹果/平邑甜茶(M. domestica Borkh. cv. Red Fuji/M. hupenensis Rhed)为试材，研究其对春季土施¹⁵N-尿素的吸收、分配与利用特性。结果表明，盛花期短枝型和普通型红富士均以细根中吸收的氮素来源与肥料的比例(Ndff)值最高，分别为0.407%和0.286%，短枝型显著高于普通型; 新梢旺长期和花芽分化期，根部吸收的¹⁵N优先向新生营养器官运转，短枝型红富士，除叶片外，其余各器官中Ndff值均高于普通型; 果实膨大期和果实采收期，短枝型和普通型红富士均以果实中Ndff值最高，短枝型高于普通型; 采收后，短枝型和普通型红富士均以粗根中Ndff值最高，分别为0.902%和0.792%，短枝型高于普通型。不同物候期短枝型和普通型红富士吸收的¹⁵N在各器官的分配率存在差异，盛花期贮藏器官¹⁵N分配率最高，两品种差异不显著; 新梢旺长期和花芽分化期，短枝型和普通型红富士贮藏器官¹⁵N的分配率不断下降，¹⁵N主要向营养器官分配，短枝型低于普通型; 果实膨大期和果实采收期短枝型和普通型红富士生殖器官成为新的分配中心，短枝型显著高于普通型; 采收后¹⁵N向贮藏器官回流、积累，短枝型红富士贮藏器官能积累更多的营养物质。春季土施¹⁵N-尿素，随着物候期的推移，短枝型和普通型红富士对¹⁵N尿素的吸收利用率逐渐上升，采收后达到最高，分别为24.643%和16.311%; 短枝型红富士氮素利用率普遍高于普通型。

Abstract:The characteristics of absorption, distribution and utilization of soil applied ¹⁵N-urea in spring under the condition of field cultivation by using fifteen-year-old spur-type and common-type ‘Fuji’ apple trees(Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Red Fuji/M. hupenensis Rhed)were studied. The results showed that the Nitrogen derive from fertilizer(Ndff) of fine root was the highest in both spur-type and common-type at full-bloom stage, which were 0.407% and 0.286% respectively,and the Ndff of spur-type was significantly higher than that of common-type; At new shoot growing and flower bud differentiation stage, ¹⁵N absorbed by root was preferential distributed to the new vegetative organs, and the Ndff of all organs in spur-type were higher than that of the common-type except leaf; At fruit rapid-swelling and fruit maturity stage, the Ndff of fruit in spur-type and common-type was the highest, but the Ndff of spur-type was higher than that of common-type; After harvest, the Ndff of thick root was the highest in both spur-type and common-type, which were 0.902% and 0.792%, but the Ndff of spur-type was higher than that of common-type. The distribution ratio of ¹⁵N in various organs of spur-type and common-type was different in different phenological periods, at full-bloom stage, the content of ¹⁵N was the highest in storage organs, and there was no significant difference between the two varieties; At new shoot growing and flower bud differentiation stage, the distribution ratio of ¹⁵N in storage organs of spur-type and common-type declined,¹⁵N was mainly distributed to the vegetative organs, the distribution ratio in spur-type was lower than that in common-type; At fruit rapid-swelling and fruit maturity stage, reproductive organs in spur-type and common-type were changed into growth center, the distribution ratio of spur-type was significantly higher than that of common-type; After harvest, ¹⁵N backfluxed and accumulated in storage organ, and the content of spur-type was higher than that of common-type, with the process of growth. The ratio of utilization of ¹⁵N-urea increased gradually in spur-type and common-type by Fuji ¹⁵N-labelled urea via soil in early spring, and reached the highest after harvest, which were 24.643% and 16.311% respectively; the ratio of utilization of ¹⁵N in spur-type was general higher than common-type during the whole growth stage.

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