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作 者 ：郭星亮 谷洁 高 华 秦清军 孙 薇 陈智学 张卫娟 李海龙

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2011年 17卷 3期 页码：638-645

关键词：锌；农业废弃物；高温堆腐；理化特征；水解酶活性；

Keywords:zinc, agricultural waste, high-temperature composting, physicochemical characteristics, hydrolase activity,

摘 要 ：以猪粪、麦秸、废菌糠为原料并接种复合微生物菌剂，在静态堆腐条件下，研究了重金属Zn对堆肥过程中理化性质和水解酶活性变化影响。结果表明，不添加重金属Zn处理（CK）达到无害化的温度要求；添加Zn处理后，低剂量Zn处理（Zn浓度为400 mg/kg）高温期（>50℃）只持续3d，高剂量Zn处理（Zn浓度为1000 mg/kg）没有达到高温期；加Zn处理均未达到无害化温度要求。Zn对堆肥电导率的影响主要在升温阶段后期、高温期及降温阶段初期；对堆肥pH的影响主要在高温期，此期间只有CK在最佳的堆腐pH范围（7.5～8.5）。堆肥中水解酶活性分析结果表明，高温期低剂量Zn处理对纤维素酶活性具有激活效应，而高剂量Zn处理产生抑制效应；降温期加Zn处理均表现出抑制效应。蛋白酶在堆肥初期（前4 d）加Zn处理表现出激活效应，高剂量Zn处理显著高于CK；在高温期和降温期加Zn处理蛋白酶表现出抑制效应。在堆肥初期（前4 d）加Zn处理对脲酶表现激活效应，而在堆肥后期（9 d后）表现出抑制效应，减缓了酰胺化合物转化进程。

Abstract:An experiment was conducted using mixed materials of pig excrement, wheat straw and waste auricularia-bran to study the effect of the heavy metal zinc (Zn) on physicochemical characteristics and hydrolase activities during composting at high temperature and static state. The CK treatment (without added Zn) achieved the requirement for harmlessness; the harmless degree of the low Zn treatment (L;Zn concentration 400 mg/kg) was not perfect, as the high-temperature phase (>50°C) only lasted 3 d. The high Zn treatment (H;Zn concentration 1000 mg/kg) did not achieve the requirement for harmlessness. The effect of Zn on electrical conductivity was mainly in anaphase of the calefactive phase, high-temperature phase, and the initial stage of the hypothermic phase. The effect of Zn on pH was mainly in the high-temperature phase, and only CK was in the optimal pH range (7.5~8.5). Analyses of hydrolase activities indicated that the low Zn treatment showed an activation effect on cellulase activity, while the high Zn treatment had a depressive effect on the high-temperature phase. Addition of Zn (both L and H) showed a negative effect on the hypothermic phase. Addition of Zn (both L and H) showed an activating effect on protease activity in the initial phase of composting (0?4 d). Protease activity in the high Zn treatment was significantly higher than that of the CK treatment. Both L and H treatments showed a negative effect on protease activity in the high-temperature and hypothermic phases. Addition of Zn (both L and H) showed an activating effect on urease activity in the initial phase of composting,but produced a negative effect and hampered the acidamide conversion process in anaphase of composting.

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