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作 者 ：习斌, 张继宗, 左强, 邹国元, 翟丽梅, 刘宏斌

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 2期 页码：327-333

关键词：氨挥发；氨挥发速率；保护地；

Keywords:ammonia volatilization, ammonia volatilization rate, facility soil,

摘 要 ：保护地过量施用氮肥是造成氮素氨挥发损失的主要原因。本文采用“密闭室间歇通气法”研究了常规施肥、常规+C/N、推荐施肥和单施有机肥4种施肥措施下保护地菜田土壤的氨挥发特性。结果表明： 减少施肥量和秸秆还田技术能有效降低氨挥发损失； 整个监测周期内，不同处理氨挥发量均较小，常规施肥处理损失量最高，占总施氮量的0.73%，化肥氮对氨挥发的贡献率较大（大于 70%），不同处理氨挥发损失量大小顺序为常规施肥>常规+C/N>推荐施肥>单施有机肥； 氨挥发监测周期内表层土壤（0—1cm）pH值呈先下降后上升的趋势，下降幅度以常规施肥处理最大，约0.5个pH值单位； 土壤pH值、0—1cm土层铵态氮含量与氨挥发速率呈显著正相关 （P<0.05）。

Abstract:Ammonia volatilization is largely due to the excessive input of organic and inorganic nitrogen. Characteristics of ammonia volatilization under different fertilization measures, such as conventional fertilization (CON), conventional fertilization added with wheat straws (CNC), recommend fertilization (REF), and fertilization of organic manure only (OM), was studied by means of intermittent ventilation chamber in the protected vegetable field. Results show that ammonia volatilization is significantly decreased by reducing nitrogen fertilizer and returning the wheat straw to field. Throughout the whole monitoring period, the amount of ammonia volatilization for all of treatments is generally quite low. The nitrogen volatilization under conventional fertilization was the highest and account for 0.73% of total nitrogen application. More than 70% of ammonia volatilization is originated from chemical nitrogen fertilizer. The order of ammonia volatilization under different treatments is as follows: CON>CNC>REF>OM. During the monitoring period, the tendency of topsoil (0-1 cm) pH is decreased first and then increased. The biggest dropping range of pH (about 0.5 units) was observed in the CON treatment. Both of the surface soil‘s (0-1 cm) pH value and content of NH⁺₄-N are positively correlated with ammonia volatilization rate (P< 0.05).

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