作 者 ：郝小雨 高伟 王玉军 金继运 黄绍文 唐继伟 张志强
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2012年 18卷 5期 页码：1075-1088
关键词：有机无机肥料配合施用；设施菜田；N2O排放；
Keywords:Combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers, Greenhouse vegetable field, N2O emission,
摘 要 ：采用静态箱—气相色谱法研究了有机无机肥料配合施用对设施菜田土壤N2O排放的影响。结果表明: 1）设施芹菜和番茄施基肥后57 d（灌溉后13 d）出现土壤N2O排放通量峰值，追肥后（施肥与灌溉同步）1 d出现土壤N2O排放通量峰值； 芹菜季和番茄季施用基肥后20 d内N2O排放量分别占当季总排放量的40%65%左右，是土壤N2O主要排放期。2）施用基肥后至定植灌水前各处理土壤N2O排放量逐渐降低，灌水后N2O排放通量迅速上升。各处理土壤N2O排放通量与土壤含水量之间呈显著相关，相关系数在0.43~0.72之间。3）土壤N2O排放主要发生在番茄季，番茄生育期各处理土壤N2O总排放量是芹菜生育期的3.1倍； 各处理土壤N2O排放通量与5 cm土层温度之间总体上呈显著相关，相关系数在0.40~0.58之间。4）设施菜田大幅减施化肥的有机无机肥配合施用模式可显著降低土壤N2O排放量和肥料损失率，芹菜季和番茄季土壤N2O排放量较习惯施肥处理分别降低66.3%和85.1%，肥料损失率分别降低45.2%和74.9%。5）等氮量投入时，施用秸秆较施用猪粪可有效降低土壤N2O排放，芹菜季和番茄季分别降低43.4%和74.2%。
Abstract:The application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers is identified as significant sources of greenhouse gases in vegetable production. Less information is available on the effect of different fertilization patterns on nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from greenhouse vegetable soils. This study was conducted to determine the effect of combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on N2O emission using the static chambergas chromatograph method under celerytomato rotation system in Tianjin from September 2010 to June 2011 The field experiment consisted of six treatments of 1 (no N), 2 (4/4 CN+0/4 PN, all nitrogen in chemical fertilizer, CN donotes N in chemical fertilizer and PN donotes N in pig manure), 3 (3/4 CN+1/4 PN), 4 (2/4 CN+2/4 PN), 5 (2/4 CN+2/4 SN, SN denotes nitrogen in straw), and 6 (CF, conventional fertilization). Equal NPK was designed for treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5 Rates of P2O5 and K2O application were respectively equal for each of treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 The results showed that: 1) the peak of N2O emission flux occurred within 5-7 days after basal fertilization (1-3 days after irrigation), whereas within 1 day after fertilizer topdressing (fertilization and irrigation were carried out simultaneously) during the celery and tomato growth period. 40%-65% of total N2O emissions during celery or tomato growth period were from over the first 20 days after basal fertilization. 2) The N2O emission fluxes gradually decreased after basal fertilization, then rapidly increased after irrigation. Significant correlations between the N2O emission fluxes for all treatments and soil moistures were observed, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.43 to 0.72. 3) Distinct total N2O emission during tomato growth period was found, with the total amounts for all treatments being 3.1 times as high as that of the celery growth period. Significant correlations between the N2O emission fluxes for different treatments and soil temperatures in 5 cm layer during the celery and tomato growth period were generally observed, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.40 to 0.58. 4) Compared with the conventional fertilization with much higher rates of N fertilizer, the combined application patterns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers significantly decreased the total N2O emissions by 66.3% and 85.1% as well as loss ratio of N fertilizer by 45.2% and 74.9% during the celery and tomato growth period, respectively. 5) Straw application compared with pig manure application with the same N rate respectively decreased the N2O emission by 43.4% and 74.2% during the growth period of celery and tomato under this experimental condition.
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