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作 者 ：高伟 朱静华 李明悦 黄绍文 唐继伟

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2011年 17卷 3期 页码：657-664

关键词：设施芹菜；有机无机肥料配合施用；产量；品质；硝酸盐淋溶；

Keywords:greenhouse celery, combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers, yield, quality, nitrate leaching,

摘 要 ：采用田间小区试验，研究了有机无机肥料配合施用对芹菜产量、品质及硝态氮在土壤中累积和淋溶的影响。结果表明，在土壤高氮素肥力水平下，与高量施肥的习惯施肥处理相比，大幅减少肥料施用的不同有机无机肥料配合施用模式均能保证芹菜产量稳定，显著提高芹菜经济效益，平均增收22306元/hm2，其中（3/4）化肥N +（1/4）猪粪N模式处理经济效益最高。有机无机肥料配合施用模式处理较全部施用化肥处理（NPK）和习惯施肥处理均能显著降低芹菜可食部分硝酸盐含量，分别降低16.7 %和26.1 %；而Vc含量分别提高36.8 %和112.2 %。习惯施肥处理土壤硝态氮在深层（60—80和80—100 cm）土体内有明显累积；而减施肥料的不同有机无机肥料配合施用模式，土壤硝态氮在0—100 cm的土体内未发生累积。有机无机肥料配合施用模式能显著降低渗漏水中硝态氮渗漏量，较全部施用化肥处理（NPK）和习惯施肥处理的平均分别降低57.5 %和61.9 %；其中施用（3/4）化肥N +（1/4）猪粪N处理渗漏水中硝态氮渗漏量最少。在本试验条件下，基于产量、经济效益和环境效益的适宜有机无机肥料配合施用模式是（3/4）化肥N +（1/4）猪粪N模式处理。

Abstract:This study was conducted to determine the effects of combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on yield and quality of celery, and accumulation and leaching of soil nitrate under greenhouse condition. The results show that compared with the conventional fertilization with much higher rates of N, P2O5 and K2O, there are not significant differences of celery yields under the different combined application patterns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers with proper rates of N, P2O5 and K2O. The average output of the combined application patterns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers is significantly increased by 22306 RMB Yuan/ha, with the highest income for the combined application pattern of 3/4 N in chemical fertilizer and 1/4 N in organic manure. Compared with the chemical fertilizer application pattern and the conventional fertilization, the nitrate contents in edible celery parts are decreased by 16.7% and 26.1%, while the Vc contents in edible celery parts are increased by 36.8% and 112.2% under the combined application patterns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers. There are significant accumulations of soil nitrate at depths of 60–80 and 80–100 cm after celery harvest under the conventional fertilization, whereas no significant accumulations of soil nitrate at depths of 60–80 and 80–100 cm after celery harvest are observed for the combined application patterns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers. Compared with the chemical fertilizer application pattern and the conventional fertilization, the NO3--N leakage rates in the leakage water are significantly decreased by 57.5% and 61.9% under the combined application patterns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers, with the lowest NO3--N leakage rate for the combined application pattern of 3/4 N in chemical fertilizer and 1/4 N in organic manure. The proper pattern of combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers based on yield, income and environment is the pattern of combined application of 3/4 N in chemical fertilizer and 1/4 N in organic manure under this experimental condition.

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