作 者 ：王晟强 郑子成 李廷轩
期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2013年 19卷 6期 页码：1393-1402
Keywords:tea plantation age, soil aggregates, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,
摘 要 ：采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法，研究了植茶年限对土壤团聚体氮、 磷、 钾含量变化的影响。结果表明， 1）土壤团聚体速效钾含量随粒径的减小先升高后降低，在0.5~0.25 mm粒径中较高，为38.52~70.32 mg/kg； 全磷、 全钾和碱解氮含量在各粒径中分布较均匀，其变异系数分别为2.77%~11.58%、 0.82%~3.72%和5.98%~10.62%；而全氮和有效磷含量则集中在 <0.25 mm 粒径的团聚体中，分别为0.40~0.98 g/kg和8.53~29.32 mg/kg。2）随着植茶年限的增加，各粒径团聚体全氮、 碱解氮、 全磷和有效磷含量逐渐升高，而速效钾含量则有所降低，全钾含量变化不明显。3）不同粒径土壤团聚体对土壤氮、 磷、 钾含量的贡献率有45%~72% 来自>5 mm 的团聚体，随着植茶年限的增加，>5 mm 的团聚体对土壤养分的贡献率先升高后降低，在植茶23年和31年时较高，为60%~72%。不同粒径团聚体对土壤氮、 磷、 钾的保持和供应能力存在明显差异，长期植茶有利于土壤团聚体全氮、 碱解氮、 全磷和有效磷的积累，但速效钾含量却逐年降低，故在茶园的生产管理中，需平衡施用氮、 钾肥，植茶23年后应增施有机肥料，以促进土壤大团聚体含量的增加，提高茶园土壤的保肥和供肥能力。
Abstract:Through field investigation and laboratory analysis, effects of ages of tea plantations on changes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in soil aggregates were studied. Results show that the contents of soil available K are increased first and then decreased with the increase of particle sizes of soil aggregates, and higher values which are from 38.52 to 70.32 mg/kg are found in 0.5-0.25 mm particle size. The distributions of total P and total K and available N are relatively even in soil aggregates of all particle sizes, and their coefficients of variation are 2.77%-11.58%, 0.82%-3.72% and 5.98%-10.62% separately. However, the contents of total N and available P are increased with decrease of particle sizes of the soil aggregates, and higher values(0.40-0.98 g/kg and 8.53-29.32 mg/kg) are found in <0.25 mm particle size. Along with rising ages of the tea plantations the contents of total N and total P and available N and P present increasing trends in soil aggregates of all particle sizes. However, the contents of available K display decreasing trends, and the contents of total K show no significant changes. The contribution rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in soil aggregates(>5 mm) are 45%-72%. Along with rising ages of the tea plantations, the contribution rates of >5 mm aggregates nutrient contents present increasing first and then decreasing trends, and higher values are found in tea plantations with ages of 23 and 31 years(60%-72%). The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium retaining capacities and supplying capacities are significantly different in soil aggregates with different particle sizes. Long-term cultivation of tea is beneficial to soil aggregates total N and P and available N and P accumulations. However, the contents of available K are decreased year by year, and the contribution rates of >5 mm aggregates nutrient contents are found to be higher in tea plantations with ages of 23 and 31 years, and declined somewhat afterwards. Therefore, in management of tea gardens, it is essential to adopt balanced application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, and in tea plantations which are older than 23 years, to use organic manure in addition, so as to promote the increase of soil aggregates content and improve the capacity of tea garden soil fertilizer conservation and fertilizer supply.
全 文 ：