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作 者 ：马文娟, 同延安, 高义民

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2010年 16卷 2期 页码：504-509

关键词：红地球葡萄树；氮素；吸收；利用和贮存；

Keywords:red globe grape tree, nitrogen, absorption, utilization and storage,

摘 要 ：为了探明葡萄树对氮素吸收、利用和贮存规律，为确定合理施肥量和施肥时期提供依据，以7年生红地球为试材，采用刨根、分解取样的方法，研究了年周期内各器官的生物量、氮含量和氮累积量变化动态。结果表明，红地球生物量年增加12369 kg/hm²。氮素在红地球葡萄树各器官中的分布为叶片>果实>新梢>根系>枝条>主干； 皮层>木质部； 年周期葡萄树体总吸氮量为97.13 kg/hm²，主要在新梢旺长期和果实膨大期，分别占吸收总量的39 %和30.5 %。每生长1000 kg葡萄，需要吸收氮素5.4 kg。叶片、果实与修剪枝条年带走的氮素量分别为35.09 kg/hm²、 32.27 kg/hm²和5.11 kg/hm²，占氮素吸收总量的36%、 33%和5%。带走的氮素需要施肥予以补偿，施肥时期主要在新梢旺长期和果实膨大期。

Abstract:Aim to find out the nitrogen absorption, utilization and accumulation in grape tree, and to provide a reasonable fertilizer rate and application periods, field experiments were conducted to analyze the yearly biomass, nitrogen content and its accumulation at different parts of grape tree (Red globe), which are cultivated about 7 years. The results show that yearly biomass increase is about 12369 kg/ha. Nitrogen content order in the organs was: leaves>fruits> new branches> roots> branches>stems. Nitrogen content of cortex is larger than that of xylem. Total nitrogen absorption rate is 97.1 kg/ha in one year of the growing period, in which 39% is absorbed during the new shoots flourishing period and 30.5% for fruit growing period. To attain 1000 kg economic yield, grape tree should uptake N 5.4 kg. Nitrogen carried off by leaves, fruits and pruned branches were 35.09, 32.27 and 5.11 kg/ha, about 36 %，33 % and 5 % of the gross, respectively. Nitrogen loss carried away by leaves, fruits and pruned branches should be made up by fertilization.

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