作 者 ：左文刚,黄顾林,朱晓雯,陈亚斯,沈袁玲,陶天云,柏彦超,单玉华,封克

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2016年 22卷 2期 页码：372-379

关键词：滩涂土壤；牛粪；原始肥力驱动；绿肥；黑麦草；

Keywords:mudflat soil, dairy manure, initial fertility motivator, green manure, ryegrass,

摘 要 ：【目的】沿海滩涂土壤属于滨海盐土类型,由于长期受海洋潮汐的影响,盐渍化作用导致土壤盐分含量偏高、 土体发育不明显、 理化性状差、 肥力水平低下,且滩涂面积还在以一定的速度增长,同时可耕地面积的逐年递减和淡水资源的日益遗乏,滩涂盐土的开发利用越来越受到人们的关注。本文研究牛粪不同用量驱动新围垦滩涂土壤原始肥力并为绿肥植物黑麦草幼苗生长提供养分的作用,以期为滩涂盐土的改良提供一条可行的途径。【方法】采用田间小区随机区组试验,探讨了牛粪不同施用量(0、 30、 75、 150、 300 t/hm²)对滩涂土壤>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体、 盐分、 pH、 有机碳、 氮磷养分含量等肥力因子及黑麦草幼苗生物量、 生长状况的影响。 【结果】滩涂0—10和10—20 cm土层土壤>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体的数量随牛粪施用量的增加呈逐渐增加趋势。与对照相比,牛粪用量150和300 t/hm²处理的滩涂0—10和10—20 cm土层土壤>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体差异均达到显著水平; 施用牛粪各处理滩涂土壤有机碳分别比对照增加17.4%、 32.6%、 55.0%、 205.8%; 与对照相比,施用牛粪各处理显著降低了滩涂土壤盐分含量,降幅分别达25.2%、 75.8%、 76.0%、 75.9%; 施用牛粪对滩涂土壤pH值降低不明显; 随牛粪施用量的增加,滩涂土壤全氮、 全磷、 碱解氮、 有效磷含量均呈逐渐上升趋势; 施用牛粪增加了黑麦草幼苗地上部和根系干重; 施用牛粪各处理黑麦草幼苗株高分别比对照增加52.6%、 46.1%、 74.2%、 56.2%(P＜0.05); 牛粪施用量达150 t/hm²时可显著增加黑麦草幼苗的分蘖数; 随牛粪施用量的增加,黑麦草根系总根长、 平均直径、 根表面积、 根体积均呈逐渐上升趋势。【结论】施用牛粪改善了滩涂土壤的初始肥力特性,促进了绿肥植物黑麦草地上部及根系的生长,并提高了黑麦草幼苗的生物量,因此,牛粪可作为改良新围垦滩涂土壤的“原始肥力驱动剂”。利用牛粪进行滩涂土壤的改良还有效地处理了畜禽粪便,是滩涂土壤改良和畜禽粪便合理利用一举两得的新途径。

Abstract:【Objectives】 Costal mudflats belong to the seashore saline soil family and are characterized by high salinity, low degree of development, inferior structure and low fertility. The increasing mudflats can act as an important land reservoir to mitigate the shrinking of agricultural land. Exploitation and amendment of mudflats have been widely concerned. This experiment was conducted to investigate short-term effects of dairy manure application(DMA)on initial fertility motivation and green manure plant ryegrass growth in a newly-reclaimed mudflat. 【Methods】Using ryegrass as an indicator plant, a field experiment of complete randomized block(RCB)design with three replicates was carried out in a newly reclaimed mudflat. Five rates of dairy manure(0, 30, 75, 150 and 300 t/hm²)were designed. Soil and ryegrass were sampled 60 days after the sowing, salinity the soil pH and the contents of water stable aggregate in different sizes, and organic carbon, the contents of N and P in mudflat soil and ryegrass biomass were measured. 【Results】 The contents of water stable aggregate > 0.25 mm in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm layers of mudflat were increased with the increase of manure addition, and the increments were significant in the treatments of 150 and 300 t/hm², compared with the control. With the manure addition of 30, 75, 150 and 300 t/hm², the organic carbon were increased by 17.4%, 32.6%, 55.0% and 205.8%, respectively, the salinity decreased by 25.2%,75.8%,76.0%,75.9%, the pH was not decreased significantly. With the increase of dairy manure addition, the soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus were increased as well. Both the dry weights of aboveground and root part of ryegrass were enhanced with the increased amount of manure, and the increments in ryegrass height were 52.6%, 46.1%, 74.2% and 56.2% at the DMA rates of 30, 75, 150 and 300 t/hm², respectively. The root length, root average diameter, root surface area and root volume of ryegrass were increased in the same trends. 【Conclusions】 Based on the results of this study, addition of dairy manure could improve the soil ventilation, decrease soil pH and improve the nutrient contents, so can be used as the fertility motivator in soils like coastal mudflat. As the use of dairy manure also provides an ecologically sound way of the disposal of dairy farm wastes, this results is prospective in the amelioration of coastal mudflat.