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作 者 ：王朝辉1;2;李生秀2

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2002年 8卷 3期 页码：265-270

关键词：水分亏缺；补充灌水；冬小麦；养分吸收和分配；

Keywords:water stress, supplemental irrigation, winter wheat, uptake and distribution of nutrient,

摘 要 ：采用盆栽试验研究了不同生育期缺水和补充灌水对冬小麦N、P、K吸收及在体内分配的影响。结果表明 ,水分缺乏不仅抑制作物生长 ,还降低养分吸收。分蘖、拔节和灌浆期是作物需水关键期 ,这些时期缺水 ,生长量降低36.1%～72.3% ;N吸收降低 40.6%～72.0% ,P降低 40.5%～72.4% ,K降低 25.9%～69.5% ;而越冬期缺水 ,生长和养分吸收降低较少。不同生育期补充灌水也不一定能使小麦生长和养分吸收增加。拔节期补水生长量增加幅度最高 ,达 18.2% ;N、P、K吸收量增幅也最大 ,分别为 14.5% ,15.6%和 38.2%。其次是越冬和灌浆期补水。分蘖期补水 ,生长量和养分吸收量却显著降低。越冬、拔节、灌浆期补充灌水 ,虽能促进小麦整株生长 ,增强养分吸收 ,但养分向子粒的转移和分配并不相应增强。越冬和灌浆期补水 ,子粒吸N量分别提高 5.5%和 20.9% ,吸P量提高 9.1%和 6.2% ;拔节期补水 ,N、P吸收量反而分别降低 19.6%和 13.5%。 3个时期补水 ,子粒吸K量均降低3.0%～26.7%。

Abstract:Pot experiment was conducted in green house to study the effect of water deficit and supplemental irrigation at different growing stage of winter wheat on the uptake and distribution of N, P and K by plants. The results showed that water deficit decreased wheat growth as well as its nutrient uptake. Tillering, jointing and filling stages were the critical stages of water deficit, and the dry weight of shoots was decreased by 36.1% to 72.3%, the total N uptake by 40.6% to 72.0%, the P by 40.5% to 72.4%, and the K by 25.9% to 69.5% when water stressed at these stages. However the winter stage was not so sensitive as those. When water deficit occurred, the plant growth and nutrient uptake decreased by only a relative lower percentage. Furthermore, supplemental irrigation at different stage could not all increase the plant growth and its nutrient uptake. When water was supplemented at jointing stage, the dry shoots were increased to the highest magnitude, being 18.2% higher than that of the control, and so did the total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, being increased by 14.5%, 15.6% and 38.2% respectively. Supplemental irrigation at winter and filling stage, although not so significant, also had the positive effects on winter wheat. Nevertheless, the plant dry biomass and the nutrient uptake were significantly reduced by supplemental irrigation at tillering stage. In addition, results also showed that, although supplemental irrigation conducted at winter, jointing or filling stage increased the growth and nutrient uptake of entire plant, yet the grain uptake of nutrients was not all increased correspondingly. When supplemental irrigation was conducted at winter and filling stage, grain N uptake was correspondingly increased by 5.5% and 20.9%, P 9.1% and 6.2%, while N was decreased by 19.6% and P by 13.5% when supplemental water was added at jointing stage. However, grain K uptake was decreased by 3.0% to 26.7%, when additionally irrigated at any of the 3 stages.

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