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作 者 ：刘建玲;杨福存;李仁岗

期 刊 ：植物营养与肥料学报 2006年 12卷 2期 页码：201-207

关键词：栗钙土；肥料定位试验；磷肥；莜麦；产量效应；

Keywords:chestnut soil, long-term experiment, phosphate fertilizer, naked oats, yield response,

摘 要 ：研究了高寒半干旱区8年肥料定位试验中,磷肥和有机肥在莜麦上的产量效应、土壤磷素的平衡、土壤Olsen-P及各形态无机磷的变化。结果表明,单施磷肥(N₀P₁)莜麦增产30.8%、单施氮肥(N₁P₀)增产109.4%、氮肥和磷肥配合(N₁P₁)施用莜麦增产314.0%;NP间表现出显著正交互作用,NP(N₁和P₁)交互作用增产86.9%;施用22.5和45.0.t/hm²有机肥分别比N₀P₀处理增产115.1%和220.1%;施用有机肥基础上增施磷肥无明显增产效应。不同施肥处理土壤Olsen-P和各形态无机磷的增减取决于土壤磷素的积累与消耗量,7年不施磷肥土壤Olsen-P降低3.3mg/kg。施用磷肥和有机肥土壤各形态磷库均有不同程度的积累;土壤磷素积累以无机磷为主,其中Ca₂-P和Ca₈-P的积累量分别占土壤无机磷变化总量的19.3%和25.4%,Al-P和Fe-P分别占23.8%和14.8%,O-P和Ca₁₀-P共占13.0%。依据土壤磷素收支平衡状况计算出维持土壤磷素平衡的P₂O₅用量为45.0.kg/hm²。根据肥料效应函数计算出有机肥用量为0、22.5.t/hm²时,P₂O₅的最高产量用量分别为98.4.kg/hm²和87.4.kg/hm²。

Abstract:The yield responses of naked oats to phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer,the balance between P input and output,and the changes in soil Olsen-P and inorganic phosphorus fraction pool were studied in 8-year experiments on chestnut soil at arid plateau region.The results showed that P fertilization in combination with N fertilizer could help raise naked oats yield,single application of P(N₀P₁) and N(N₁P₀) fertilizers brought about 30.8% and 109.4% of oats yield,respectively.Combined application of N and P fertilizers(N₁ and P₁) gave an increase of 314.0% compared with the control.There was an significant positive interaction effect of N and P fertilizers on yield which resulted in an increase of 86.9% of oats yield.Application of 22.5 t/ha and 45.0 t/ha of organic fertilizer alone gave an increase of 115.1% and 220.1% compared with N₀P₀,respectively,however,applying P fertilizer after the application of organic fertilizer did not show a yield-enhancing effect.The content of soil Olsen-P and inorganic phosphorus fractions were changed by applying P fertilizer and organic fertilizer on different treatments,The content of soil OlsenP decreased by 3.3 mg/kg in no P fertilizer treatment after 7-years cropping.All phosphorus fraction pools addressed with P and organic fertilizers were enhanced at varying degreess.Most of residual P were inorganic phosphorus,among which Ca₂-P and Ca₅-P were accounted for 19.2% and 25.3%;Al-P and Fe-P were accounted for 23.4% and 15.3%,respectively;and O-P and Ca₁₀-P were accounted for 13.5% of total inorganic P.According to the balance between P input and output,45.0 (kg/ha) was figured out as the critical rate of P₂O₅ that could maintain the P balance in soil.The recommended application rates of P fertilizer for maximum yield combined with 0 or 22.5 t/ha organic fertilizer using regression equations were 98.4 kg/ha,87.4 kg/ha respectively.

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