免费文献传递   相关文献

Nitrate and Nitrite Accumulation and Nutritional Quality of Platycodon grandiflorum with Different Nitrogen Forms and Ratios

氮素形态配比对桔梗硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐动态积累及营养品质的影响



全 文 :书!"#$%&
,2016,36(4):0738-0744
犃犮狋犪犅狅狋.犅狅狉犲犪犾.犗犮犮犻犱犲狀狋.犛犻狀.
  !"#$:10004025(2016)04073807               犱狅犻:10.7606/j.issn.10004025.2016.04.0738
%&(
:20151228;)*&%+(:20160405
,-./

()*+,-./,0.123456
(2012)
0123

789
(1991-),:,;<=>?@1,ABCDEF#$GH1I/JKLM?@。Email:2014804168@njau.edu.cn

N(OP

QRS

TU

=>1VW

ABCDEF#$GH/1IXYZ?@
。Email:wangkc@njau.edu.cn
456789:;<=>?@A=>?
B7CDEFGHIJKL
!"#

$%&
,
 (,)*+

[\]^_% `a%b

[\210095)
M N:c*+(犘犾犪狋狔犮狅犱狅狀犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿)defgh,NijGef?@klmnop6qmrstuvwm
xy
(NH+4N/NO-3N=100∶0、75∶25、50∶50、25∶75、0∶100、CO(NH2)2)z*+{|w}~、w}~€t
‚cuƒ„

EF…JZ†‡

ˆ‰Š‹
:(1)*+{|w}~uw}~‚Kcvwyd25∶75ŒIp
Ž

w}~‚KGH‘Z’“”•–—˜

™š;10›œŠž’Ÿ,w}~ .—˜¡/¢£¤。
(2)*+{|Vc¥K;¦wtmŒIp§,¨ ©ª«¬¥K;vwyd50∶50ŒIp§,­¨©ª®¯u°
±²³3}¥K´;vwyd75∶25ŒIpµ¶_·。(3)*+{| N、Cu、Mn、Zn‚K;¸¹tmŒIp
§

šFe、Mg、Cu‚K;vwyd75∶25ŒIp_。(4)*+{|°º»¥Kƒ„¼|wtmy½’Ÿ
­”p¾—˜

¿;¸¹tmŒIpµ¶_

*+«¬u*+°ÀÁ¥K´;vwyd25∶75ŒIp_
·

?@ÃÄ

;vwyd25∶75ŒIp,*+{|w}~uw}~¥KŽ,*+«¬u°ÀÁ‚K§,
ÅVc、±²³3}l…JÆÇ¥KÈɧ,ÂÊË*+…JZ̖;ÍË10›œ*+{|w}~¥KŠž’
§

*+œÎÏÐ_KÑÒmÓ

OPQ

*+

mrst

w}~

w}~

…J
RSTU$
:Q945.79;Q753 !VWXY:A
犖犻狋狉犪狋犲犪狀犱犖犻狋狉犻狋犲犃犮犮狌犿狌犾犪狋犻狅狀犪狀犱犖狌狋狉犻狋犻狅狀犪犾犙狌犪犾犻狋狔狅犳犘犾犪狋狔犮狅犱狅狀
犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿狑犻狋犺犇犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋犖犻狋狉狅犵犲狀犉狅狉犿狊犪狀犱犚犪狋犻狅狊
DUANYunjing,WANGKangcai,LIKe,NIULinghui
(ColegeofHorticulture,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing210095,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Thepotcultureexperimentwasconductedtostudytheeffectofdifferentnitrogenformsandrati
osonthenitrateandnitriteaccumulationandqualityof犘犾犪狋狔犮狅犱狅狀犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿.Theresultsshowed
that:(1)WhenNH+4N/NO-3Nwas25∶75,thecontentsofnitrateandnitritereachedtheirminimum
values.Thenitrateaccumulationincreasedconstantlyduringthecultivationprocessof犘.犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿.
Incontrast,whilethenitriteaccumulationdecreasedduringthecultivationprocessof犘.犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿.
(2)ThecontentofVcwasthehighestattheNH+4N/NO-3Nratioof0∶100.Andthecontentsofsoluble
protein,aminoacids,Fe,Mg,CuwerethehighestattheNH+4N/NO-3Nratioof75∶25.(3)Thecontents
ofN,Cu,MnandZnhadtheirmaximumvaluesunderamidenitrogentreatment.(4)Thetotalflavonoids
contentdecreasedwiththeincreasingofNO-3N.AttheNH+4N/NO-3Nratioof25∶75,theplatycodin
contentsandpolysaccharidecontentsof犘.犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿reacheditsmaximumvalues.Studieshadshown
that:properapplicationofdifferentnitrogenformsdecreasedthenitrateandnitritecontentsandincreased
thequalityof犘.犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿andthebesttreatmentwastheNH+4N/NO-3Nratioof25∶75.Itwas
worthnotingthatnitrogenfertilizersshouldnotbeusedbeforetheharvesttimeof犘.犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:犘犾犪狋狔犮狅犱狅狀犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿;differentnitrogenforms;nitrate;nitrite;quality
  *+(犘犾犪狋狔犮狅犱狅狀犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿)d*+Ô*+
Õ#$

Ö×ØÙÚ

ÛÜÚ

ÝÞ3l

c{ßE

à
Âáâ

Êãäå

æçlèé

ê|ëìí_î|E
g¢ï

*+Èêïqðñòó

™š;ôõ

öë

*+÷øùúu{¨Oòó

êìíZûüðñý
…

þÿ!"#_

$Î|ë%"4&È(ýF

)*

*+{+¨c,-./

0h

*+1l

234

;òóGH?@|

mÓ5I6Fuw
}~‚789¶:;<=

;>?12|


iKÒF@AB;

C­VCO$DEw}~‚

ÓhÊFFp¾

GHI.ªJ I

JKïLM†
‡1tNOP:QRRZST
[12]。
™šê{Q#
$

UVWXw}~
[3]。
Ô%?@ÃÄ

:DEYZ
Zw}~Â70%~85%4[ËýFòó[4],w}~
\ß:D]^è_`1$abdw}~

w}
~\ßc¼]

d/ce®¯fÂg4ˆ5

6šh
ijk_g

w}~+êfCl$w¹ZÎD

¨mÃn.Líl 
[5]。
mÓ6Fz#$|w}~
Z‚Âop†‡

Â?@qrmrsts5ux
y†‡òów}~¥K

wtmPvtm¿F


¾Žw}~

u6òó1“vw
[6]。
Ïxmrst
†‡Ïx#$zmZyÊF

\­Nizmab
i{†‡š2K/…J

d|

ˆ5$Î*+EF
uòó2…ZB"

}ef?@kÏxmrstu
xyŒIz*+GHi{|{)w}~

w}~
Z€t‚

…JÆÇu~1ab2$¥KZ†‡

cd*+mÓZ5IÒF̀‚

1 ghPXƒ
1.1 Z[\GE]^
c2[„%…†Zï31*+q‡d€eg
h
,^
[\]^_%QRSTUˆ‰d*+Ô*+
(犘犾犪狋狔犮狅犱狅狀犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿)。Ë201433›Š‹
st_ΕC

ŽZq‡;[\]^_%E
\‘jGef

j§29cm,o’26cm,“j”3
J<986g,GH3J͕–P—˜™š›5∶1œ
5­-

“jq10,Gqžq‡{)•Ÿ ¡
¢3JqY£1cm¤¥,Gq]¦Ë§E¨©ª«
E

#$1“¬!_K­rœF®¯°ƒ„¼€
±
,`
K­rc²]ƒ„¼€±

3}ƒ„¼pH
6.0。¬Fe³´dLM´(AR)。1“‘µI¶
ÒïC

¢‡]“·10d¸1~3}ƒ„¼,“~
500mL。ef;°mKïC(N¹ºd15mmol·
L-1)Znop,66smrstuvwyŒI,»
NH+4N/NO-3N=100∶0、75∶25、50∶50、25∶
75、0∶100 u CO(NH2)2,š|Z NH+4N Í
(NH4)2SO4 ̀,NO-3NÍCa(NO3)2 ̀,¼Œ
I<½6~,ŒI“10d1~。ƒ„¼|´Ÿß
7μmol·L
-1
¾¿¹
(DCD)cÀ8w.¤Á。
1.2 _`./Eab
LÖË6、7、9、10›|œX*+{)õÃÄ
‰w}~uw}~¥K
,10›|Â*+Å,Z
ï)LõÃĉ1IÆÇ

ÆÇÅ¡ÈÉÊˑƒ„­r¥Kĉ

w}~¥KœFÌÍ}Î
}ƒÄ‰
;¨
©ª«¬¥KœFÏ»yñƒÄ‰
;¨
©ª®¯œFÐÑÒÓÔG250ÕñƒÄ‰;±²
³3}°KœFÖ×»ŠñƒÄ‰
;Vc¥KœF
2,6¾ØÙÚÙۉƒÄ‰[7];w}~¥KœF
ëÜÇÝGB5009.332010|ZĉXƒ[8];N、Ca、
Fe、Mg、Cu、Mn、Zn¥KF H2SO4H2O2 Þ5nß
ƒ/àáâ5l²ãDJäƒ
(ICPMS)ĉ;°º
»¥KĉœFå~yñƒ
[9];
°ÀÁ¥KœFæ
çèÎ}yñƒÄ‰[10];*+«¬¥KœFéÙ
Î}ƒ
[11]
ĉ

1.3 cd]^
efꂜFExcel2003PSPSS13.0ëo
\‘íìLM
,LSDƒífIª。
2 ˆ‰/LM
2.1 4567E89:;?@A=>
?CDJKL
2.1.1 =>?CD ;*+Zïð1“i{|,¼
ŒI*+{|w}~¥K .—˜ñq1¬‹。*
+{|w}~¥K;òïmrstŒIpqÄd¦
wŒI
(0∶100)>¸¹tmŒI[CO(NH2)2]>¦
vŒI
(100∶0);;ÏxmrstxyŒIp,*+
{|w}~¥Kwtmy½’Ÿ­”ó•–]p
9374        789,l:mrstxyz*+w}~Pw}~€t‚uƒ„…JZ†‡
¾ô•–Z—˜

¿´;vwy
(NH+4N/NO-3N)
50∶50、¦wŒIpµ¶_·,­;vwy25∶75
ŒIpŠžp¾—˜

½ñ
,10›Åvwy
25∶75ŒI*+{|w}~¥KŽ,LÖÉvw
y50∶50、¦wŒIŠž¾Žk46.55%、43.76%。


GH‘Zõ“

¼ŒI*+{|w}~¥
K3}”’“—˜

™š;œŠž–§

š|

;7~9›,vwyd75∶25、50∶50、25∶75u¦w
ŒIp*+{|w}~‚öº÷ø

ùúÂp¾—
˜

­¦vu¸¹tmŒI;ïð*+1“i{|w
}~¥K’“ûº´É_

c•ˆ‰ürwtmÂ
ÊËw}~Zý.

þ¨_/NO-3 B;_mVNR
ÿª–§

!\NO-3 Z+"Â#。
2.1.2 A=>?CD mrstz*+{|w
}~Z‚†‡ÉŠž

q2)。š|,¼ŒI{|
w}~¥K;6、7›$ .—˜ïC,¿cv
wy50∶50ŒIp§,š~d¦w、¦vŒI,­
vwy25∶75ŒIŽ;;9、10›$,¸ ¹tm
ŒI{|w}~¥K§

š~dvwy75∶25
ŒIP¦vŒI

­vwy25∶75ŒIZw}~
¥KŽ

šÉ¸¹tm

¦v

¦wŒILÖ¾Ž
k57.67%、52.41%、34.29%。x,/w}~
f1 4567E89:;?CDJKL
Table1 Effectofdifferentnitrogenformsandtheratiosonthenitrateaccumulationin犘.犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿roots(mg·kg-1)
NH+4N/NO-3N 6›June 7›July 9›September 10›October
100∶0 2.74±0.53cd 4.12±0.35c 8.83±2.29ab 16.49±5.17c
75∶25 3.07±0.29d 8.47±0.67a 6.57±0.57b 16.10±2.26c
50∶50 7.73±2.79a 9.61±0.57a 10.03±0.58a 25.54±1.90a
25∶75 5.29±1.32bc 9.19±0.15a 7.21±1.00b 13.65±2.93c
0∶100 5.95±0.53ab 9.74±0.02a 8.44±0.42ab 24.27±1.46a
CO(NH2)2 4.60±0.46bcd 5.72±1.20b 8.21±0.04ab 18.67±0.57bc
  %:xMê‚]Ïx&q‹ŒI‘;0.05Ì(B;ŠžªIî;px。
  Note:Thedifferentlettersafterdatainthesamecolumnmeansignificantdifferenceamongtreatmentsat0.05level;Thesameasfolows.
f2 4567Eg89:;?CDJKL
Table2 Effectofdifferentnitrogenformsandtheratiosonthenitriteaccumulationin犘.犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿roots(mg·kg-1)
NH+4N/NO-3N 6›June 7›July 9›September 10›October
100∶0 2.60±0.08c 3.11±0.70ab 1.36±0.07b 1.45±0.45ab
75∶25 2.42±0.04c 1.94±0.13bc 1.42±0.04b 1.54±0.27a
50∶50 4.46±0.02a 3.32±0.27a 1.17±0.22b 1.30±0.23ab
25∶75 1.91±0.66c 1.69±0.02c 1.36±0.01b 0.69±0.11c
0∶100 3.58±0.16b 3.30±0.58a 1.19±0.23b 1.05±0.12bc
CO(NH2)2 1.94±0.14c 2.26±0.68abc 2.42±0.86a 1.63±0.14a
f3 4567Eg89:;E犞犮rsJKL
Table3 Effectofdifferentnitrogenformsandtheratiosonthecontentsofsolublesugar,solubleprotein,aminoacidsand
Vcin犘.犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿roots
NH+4N/NO-3N
¨©ª«¬¥K
Solublesugar/(mg·g-1)
¨©ª®¯¥K
Solubleprotein/(mg·g-1)
±²³3}¥K
Aminoacids/(mg·g-1)
)1rC¥K
Vc/(mg·g-1)
100∶0 18.36±0.33a 19.59±3.66ab 0.16±0.05a 7.44±2.17ab
75∶25 11.78±0.87bc 24.57±4.40a 0.18±0.03a 7.96±1.52ab
50∶50 19.16±0.04a 18.25±1.03bc 0.10±0.05b 7.00±2.18b
25∶75 12.81±0.60b 13.33±3.03cd 0.15±0.01ab 7.99±1.66ab
0∶100 10.59±0.22c 12.47±1.66d 0.14±0.02ab 10.91±3.73a
CO(NH2)2 11.58±1.01bc 12.36±0.67d 0.13±0.02ab 6.52±0.86b
047 ! " # $ % &                   36*
‚—˜£¤

¼ŒI{|w}~‚GH‘
Zõ“3}”p¾—˜

+¸¹tmŒI*

š,
vwyŒI{|w}~¥K;9›ÂŠžp¾—
˜

-;10›œ¦vcuvwyd75∶25P
50∶50ŒIw}~¥KÂ.–—˜,Å;ïð*
+1“i{|¦vu¸¹tmŒI*+{|w}
~¥K´É§

ürvtmŒIp*+{|w}
~Z+"÷ø

2.2 4567E89:;Íq3¨/¢,vtmÉÂÊË*+{|¨©
ª«¬
、¨
©ª®¯u±²³3}Z‚

š|

*
+{|¨©ª«¬¥K;vwy50∶50、¦vŒI
pŠž§Ëš,ŒI

š~dvwy25∶75ŒI,
¦wŒIŽ

vwy50∶50ŒIp{|¨©ª«
¬¥KLÖd¦v

¦wu¸¹tmŒIZ1.04、
1.81、1.650。x,*+{|¨©ª®¯¥K;
vwy75∶25ŒIp§,š~d¦vŒI,¦w
u¸¹tmŒIŽ

vwy75∶25ŒI¨©ª®
¯¥KLÖɦv

¦wu¸¹tmŒI̧k
25.42%、97.03%、98.79%。ô~,mrstz*+
{|±²³3}°K†‡ÏrŠ

£yÉ­1

vw
y75∶25、¦vŒIp±²³3}°K_,š~
dvwy25∶75、¦wu¸¹tmŒI,vwy
50∶50ŒI¥KŽ。)*,*+{| Vc¥K;
¦wŒIp§

­;¸¹tmuvwy50∶50Œ
IpŽ

LÖɍ§·¾Žk40.24%、35.78%;
vwy25∶75、75∶25ŒIZVc¥K2~˦w
ŒI

×PrŠIî

ürwtmÉÂÊË*+{
|VcZ‚。
2.3 4567E89:;5CDsJKL
  Íq4¨3,*+{|mr(N)‚Kƒ„
¼|wtmy½Z’Ÿ­”ó•–]p¾ô•–—
˜

¿c¸¹tmŒI*+{)mr‚K§

v
wy75∶25ŒI~¢,vwy50∶50ŒIŽ。
*+{|Ca、Fe、Mg­r‚KqÄ¢/mr
‚KïCZ .—˜

š|

*+{|CaZ‚
K;¦wŒIp_

vwy25∶75ŒI~¢,þ
¨_/wtm€m$JÂ#

*+{|Fe¥K;
vwy75∶25ŒI_·,š~d¸¹tm、¦
wŒI

Å×P‘I

*+{| Mg‚K;
¦w

vwy75∶25ŒIpɧ,š~d¸¹tŒ
f4 4567Eg89:;Table4 EffectofdifferentnitrogenformsandtheratiosonthecontentsofN,Ca,Fe,Mg,Cu,MnandZnin
犘.犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿roots/(mg·plant-1)
NH+4N/NO-3N N Ca Fe Mg Cu Mn Zn
100∶0 73.58±0.73e 33.45±0.09f 0.93±0.01e 2.28±0.00d 0.0100±0.00d 0.0942±0.00b 0.0111±0.00c
75∶25 88.83±0.02b 65.69±0.11c 2.40±0.02a 4.59±0.04a 0.0182±0.00a 0.0884±0.00c 0.0091±0.00d
50∶50 59.02±0.06f 44.36±0.32e 0.57±0.00f 3.06±0.02c 0.0113±0.00c 0.0542±0.00d 0.0104±0.00cd
25∶75 83.92±0.09d 75.78±0.37b 0.96±0.00d 4.22±0.07b 0.0169±0.00b 0.0425±0.00e 0.0135±0.00b
0∶100 86.22±0.11c 78.21±0.18a 1.26±0.00c 4.64±0.04a 0.0109±0.00cd 0.0421±0.00e 0.0094±0.00d
CO(NH2)2 103.29±0.94a 55.75±0.53d 1.91±0.02b 4.26±0.01b 0.0182±0.00a 0.1307±0.00a 0.0182±0.00a
f5 4567Eg89:;Table5 Effectofdifferentnitrogenformsandtheratiosonthecontentsofpolysaccharide,platycodinandflavonoidin
犘.犵狉犪狀犱犻犳犾狅狉狌犿roots
NH+4N/NO-3N
*+«¬
Polysaccharide/(mg·g-1)
*+°ÀÁ
Platycodin/(mg·g-1)
*+°º»
Flavone/(mg·g-1)
100∶0 14.37±0.40a 12.99±0.37c 1.54±0.08ab
75∶25 10.55±1.62b 15.90±0.99b 1.46±0.06b
50∶50 9.24±2.49b 9.93±1.96d 1.45±0.09b
25∶75 15.03±0.76a 19.50±1.60a 1.31±0.06c
0∶100 10.49±1.93b 16.59±1.59b 1.28±0.13c
CO(NH2)2 14.06±2.41a 10.32±0.86d 1.62±0.02a
1474        789,l:mrstxyz*+w}~Pw}~€t‚uƒ„…JZ†‡
I、
vwy25∶75ŒI。)*,£yÉ­1,*+{
|Cu、Mn、Zn­r‚KÉ4。š|,Cu­r
‚K;vwy75∶25u¸¹tmŒIp_·
(0.0182mg/),vwy25∶75ŒI~¢;*+{
| Mn¥Kƒ„¼|wtmy½’Ÿ­”p¾—
˜
,¸
¹tmŒI§

¦vŒI~¢

¦wŒI
Ž

­*+{|Zn¥K;¸¹tmŒIp§,š
~dvwy5∶75ŒI,ür¸¹tmÉÂÊË*
+{|ƒ„­rZ‚

2.4 4567E89:;;  mrstz*+{|°º»、°ÀÁu*+«
¬¥K†‡É_

q5)。š|,*+{|«¬¥K
;vwy25∶75、¦vu¸¹tmŒIpŠž§Ë
š,3sŒI,LÖd15.03、14.37、14.06mg·
g-1,-×PŠžIî;vwy50∶50ŒIp*+
«¬¥KŽ

ɍ§·Šž¾Žk38.52%。*
+{|°ÀÁ¥K;vwy25∶75ŒIp§
(19.50mg·g-1)Ŋž§Ëš,ŒI,¦w、vw
y25∶75ŒI~¢,vwy50∶50、¸ ¹tmŒI
Ž

ɌI§·L֊ž¾Žk49.08%、
47.08%。*+{|°º»¥K;¸¹tmŒIp
µ¶_·

-/¦vŒIIîϊž

Ïxmrs
txyŒI|°º»¥K5wtmy½Z’Ÿ­
¾Ž

¦wŒIpŽ

ürvtmÉÂÊË*+{
|°º»Z‚

3 67/ˆ7
3.1 4567{;?、A=>?B7C
DJO|
  w}~、w}~ê8Kòó9¦…JZÆÇ

:;<1s=
(WHO)PÞ5ë>]s=
(FAO)19733,‰w}~、w}~ZADI·(¨
?@ Y ß K

L Ö d 3.6 mg·kg-1 ·d-1、
0.13mg·kg-1·d-1。š|ë:Z(´D<60kg
ì

¡w}~

w}~¨?@KLÖd216P
7.8mg,Ac:´¨ýóK0.5kgõ<ì,¡òó
Zw}~

w}~?@KLÖd432P15.6mg
·kg-1,š|òó^i~B、ßC]w}~¥KL
Ö÷445%、70%,~DE,¡w}~FK¨LÖ
G_d785P1440mg·kg-1,­:D|HZw}
~¹ºFKd3099mg·kg-1[12]。{‚ WHO,
‰

|ë8‰Zòów}~FKÇÝd

ïIÇÝ
432mg·kg-1(1ý?@)、¾IÇÝ785mg·kg-1

1ýÏÐ
)、
×IÇÝ1234mg·kg-1(1ý、~B
ÏÐ
)、
JIÇÝ3100mg·kg-1(1ý、~B、Cý
´ÏÐ
)[13]。
|ëzý…|w}~FK<1ÇÝ
(GB18406.12001),‰,Kõòó|w}~(c
NaNO2 ì)¥KÁ≤4mg·kg-1。}ef|*+
{|w}~

w}~¥K§LÖµ25.52P
1.63mg·kg-1õ<,LŽËëÜ,‰ZFKÇÝ。
-Í˃„¼€mK/M‘_,0GHÒÓKB;
É_IN

ÐO¶w}~z:DPÉ_

Q|M
‘GH+!Ô%ÒÓ

RK¾Ž*+{|w}
~¥K

SÂÏ4?@qr

mrstzw}~Z‚
àŠž†‡

TUVl
[14]
ÊF15N‹WXY?
@wvƒ„zòóDEw}~‚Z†‡ÃÄ

’
ŸvtmZy½ÂÊ˾Žòó|w}~Z‚

Z5[l
[15]
efˆ‰qr

\óùú|w}~


w}~¥Kƒ„¼vwyZ¾Ž­”]ª–§—
˜

}ef?@qrÏxmrstŒIp*+{|
w}~

w}~¥K .—˜ïC
,´
ƒ„¼|
wtmy½’Ÿ­”ó•–]p¾ô•–Z—˜

¿cvwy25∶75ŒIŒ,Ŧv、¸ ¹tmŒ
Ipw}~uw}~¥K´É§

ürcwtm
d3^xÒvtmÂÊ˾Ž*+{|w}~u
w}~¥K
,¨
_êɧ¥KZNO-3 mVNR、GS
ÿª’f

!\*+{|mrabZ\‘

Ÿök
NO-3 Z+";NH+4 ZB;¾Žkƒ„¼| NO-3
Z¥K

Å NH+4 ;{)y]op_/¥mÂ`
$Z5-

Ïdý.dw}~

¦v
、¸
¹tmŒI
pw}~uw}~¥K´É§

š"Q¨_êv
tmŒIpÏÊËmV*+{|NRÿª–§,i
KNH+4 ZB;6 NO-3 Zab+"i{÷ø,Å
NO-3 Zý.AB;{|\‘。Q|,vtmŒIp
NO-3 ;{)cy],ÍË+"gÏd,+"öF
Ɍ

6w}~uw}~;*+{|‚K’Ÿ

)‚&Ý

;òó1efP|ÒFmÓz
òów}~‚†‡ÉŒ

Aœ‘ÒFmÓ¨
g-òów}~_K‚
[16]。
}?@|ÈÃÄ


5GH‘Zõ“

*+{|w}~Z‚”’“
—˜

™š;10›œ¼ŒIw}~¥K´Šž
’Ÿ

Q|

*+ÑÓhÐË9›i\‘,¢]ÒÓ
VJK*+{)w}~Z_K‚

ÍË#$DE
w}+"jZÿªL§Ëw}+"jZÿª

k
#${LyZw}~cw}+"j+"-w}
~]

ldmncÿgɧZw}+"j+"-
247 ! " # $ % &                   36*
NH+4 。Q|,#$DïoÏd‚i«Zw}
~
[17]。
}?@|*+{|w}~Z‚GH
‘Z’“­”p¾—˜¨_/|Â#

šàDO
F`I+Âp\ïb?@

3.2 4567{;ò󃄅JÛq)1r

r)r

³3}

¬
L

®¯JusJ­rlQã

ÏxmrstŒI
p*+{|¨©ª«¬
、¨
©ª®¯u±²³3}
¥KIîêmrst†‡*+zmabZàDq
Ä

}ef?@ˆ‰qr

*+{|¨©ª«¬
、¨
©ª®¯u±²³3}¥K´ƒ„¼|wtmy
½Z’Ÿ­”ó•–]p¾—˜

×P¥K´;¦
vŒIp×P¥K´É§

ürvtmÂÊË*+
{|¨©ª«¬
、¨
©ª®¯u±²³3}Z‚

þ/Z5[l
[15]、
Qtul
[18]
;\óPŒ¯ó•
Z?@ˆ‰ïC

š"Q¨_êwtmcy]!
\‘+"nv_K

­vtmcy];{)op
\‘mrx.

5-¥mÂ`$

C­Ì§¨©ª®
¯u±²³3}¥K

)ïXY{)Z³3}¨^
ý³OFs-Â`}

C­d«qzmab̀z
w

̧¨©ª«¬¥K
[18]。VcOd:Dx!ƒ
„$J

-:DEÏ_5-

!BCòóP̉|Y
Z

ÅVc¨cyz N-w3.5$Z5-,àÂ
{lOF

}ef?@ÃÄ

*+{| Vc¥K;
¦wŒIp§

vwy25∶75ŒI~¢,¸ ¹t
mŒIŽ

ürwtmÉÂÊËVcZ‚,­v
tmu¸¹tmz Vc¥K†‡ÏrŠ,þ/M|
}l
[19]
;~•Z?@ˆ‰ïC



sJ­r/:DRRÂop#L

êòó
Zï€
­#$DEZsJ­rAB
4Ë{)C*;y
,NO-3 cy]{?pH·
–§

VVCš,`K­r€ÁÏd

ł

ƒ

„

…

†

‡l/#$zmabˆ‰£#

zš,…J
ÆÇÈÂ
}ef?@ÃÄ

*+{)m
r‚K;¸¹tmŒIp_

;¦wuvwy
25∶75ŒI‚KÈɧ,ür¸¹tmuwtm
ÉÂÊË*+zmÓZyÊF


,¸
¹tm
ŒIp*+{)Cu、Mn、Znò‚K§,vw
y75∶25ŒIpFe、Mg、Cuò‚K§,v
wy25∶75ŒIpCa、Mg、Cu、Znò‚KÈ
ɧ

ür¸¹tmuhkZvwy´ÂÊË*+
{|sJ­rZ‚

)*

°º»

°ÀÁu«¬l~1ab2$ê
*+EF…JZqÄ

}?@ˆ‰qr*+{|*
+«¬¥Kcvwy25∶75ŒI§,š~d¦v
u¸¹tmŒI

×PŠžIî



vwy25
∶75ŒIp*+°ÀÁ¥Kµ¶§,ürhkZ
mrstxy_Âȩ́*+{|*+«¬u°À
ÁZ¥K

{‚C/N(8Šü,#$DEzÌ.5
¥K–§¨6#$Z¥mK£zp¾

JK‹ˆŒ
zÌ.5$iÆ

C­!\Q$JZ5-
[20]。
*
+ÀÁÕË׍Q.5$

vwy25∶75u¦wŒ
Ip*+°ÀÁ¥Kɧ
,¨
_êÍËmr‚K
£z¾Ž

!\k*+ÀÁZ‚

)*

*+{|
°º»¥Kƒ„¼|wtmy½Z’Ÿ”p¾—
˜

¿c¸¹tŒI§

¦vŒI~¢

ürvt
mÉÂÊË*+{|°º»Z‚

þ¨_/º»
Q.5$;#$DE5-abZKid©52
$
[21],
­vtmÉÂÊË*+{|¨©ª«¬
、¨
©ª®¯u³3}l©52$‚Â#

Ž•¬

hkZmrstxyÂÊË*+{
|w}~

w}¥KZ¾Žu£#ýF

EF…J
Z̖
;¸
¹tmÉÂÊË*+{|ƒ„­rZ
‚

vwy25∶75ŒIp*+{|w}~uw}
~¥KŽ

­*+«¬u°ÀÁ‚K§

Å Vc
l…JÆÇ¥KÈɧ

ÂÊË*+…JZ̖



{‚*+GHi{|w}~Z€t‚ .
ð

*+œÎÏÐ_KÑÒmÓ

‚!V

[1] BAIM,XUD,ZHANGS,犲狋犪犾.Spatialtemporaldistribu
tioncharacteristicsofwaternitrogenandperformanceevalua
tionforbasinirrigationwithconventionalfertilizationandfer
tigationmethods[J].犃犵狉犻犮狌犾狋狌狉犪犾犠犪狋犲狉犕犪狀犪犵犲犿犲狀狋,2013,
126(8):7584.
[2] MAHANTAD,BHATTACHARYYAR,GOPINATHKA,
犲狋犪犾.Influenceoffarmyardmanureapplicationandmineral
fertilizationonyieldsustainability,carbonsequestrationpo
tentialandsoilpropertyofgardenpeafrenchbeancropping
systemintheIndianHimalayas[J].犛犮犻犲狀狋犻犪犎狅狉狋犻犮狌犾狋狌狉犪犲,
2013,164:414427.
[3] ‘d5,Q’“.ÒÓzúQòów}~¥KZ†‡[J].”
Ó/½Ó
,2005,16(3):6567.
LIHH,WANGZY.Effectoffertilizationonnitratecontent
infoliagegreens[J].犘犺狅狊狆犺犪狋犲 牔 犆狅犿狆狅狌狀犱 犉犲狉狋犻犾犻狕犲狉,
3474        789,l:mrstxyz*+w}~Pw}~€t‚uƒ„…JZ†‡
2005,16(3):6567.
[4] SANTAMARIAP,ELIAA,PARENTEA,犲狋犪犾.Fertiliza
tionstrategiesforloweringnitratecontentinleafyvegetables:
chicoryandrocketsaladcases[J].犑狅狌狉狀犪犾狅犳犘犾犪狀狋犖狌狋狉犻
狋犻狅狀,1998,21(9):17911803.
[5] Qʕ,– V,ºµr,l.òów}~Z‚uš1I`
8?@\—
[J].˜™]^Ô%,2002,(6):7881.
WANGLQ,DONGY,HUANGDM.Nitrateaccumulation
andtheresearchprogressofitsphysiologicalmechanismin
vegetables[J].犑犻犪狀犵狊狌犃犵狉犻犮狌犾狋狌狉犪犾犛犮犻犲狀犮犲狊,2002,(6):
7881.
[6] M|},‘1š,Qô›,l.~œzÏxstmrZ¤Á
[J].ÁF1t%&,2003,14(3):377381.
TIANXH,LISX,WANGZH,犲狋犪犾.Responseoflettuceto
differentnitrogenforms[J].犆犺犻狀犲狊犲犑狅狌狉狀犪犾狅犳犃狆狆犾犻犲犱犈犮狅犾
狅犵狔,2003,14(3):377381.
[7] ‘51.#$1I1.ef"IPXY[M]."\:§lTe¢
ž
,2000:134.
[8] ëÜXYŸ ¡.|t:û¢PëëÜÇÝ.GB5009.33
2010ý…|w}~/w}~Zĉ[S].2010.
[9] ‘ £,° <,¤ ¥,l.K¦§_°º»P«¬Z¥K
ĉ
[J].|çE,2004,35(2):214215.
LIY,LANW,SUNP,犲狋犪犾.Determinationoftotalflavonoids
andpolysaccharidescontentofradixcodonopsisinXinjiang
[J].犆犺犻狀犲狊犲犜狉犪犱犻狋犻狅狀犪犾犪狀犱 犎犲狉犫犪犾犇狉狌犵狊,2004,35(2):
214215.
[10] ‘¨©,ª«¥,–¬r.*+|°ÀÁZ¥Kĉ[J].|
­E%®
,2006,24(12):22322234.
LIXF,XUEQP,DONGCM.Determinationoftotalsapo
ninsinradixplatycodongrandiflorum bycolorimetry[J].
犆犺犻狀犲狊犲犃狉犮犺犻狏犲狊狅犳犜狉犪犱犻狋犻狅狀犪犾犆犺犻狀犲狊犲犕犲犱犻犮犻狀犲,2006,24
(12):22322234.
[11] ‘ ¯,°5P,@±%,l.éÙÎ}ƒ‰Kĉ*+«
¬Z?@
[J].—ë­ëE,2009,20(1):57.
LIY,WEIJH,XUXD,犲狋犪犾.Determinationofpolysaccha
ridesinradixplatycodonis[J].犔犻狊犺犻狕犺犲狀犕犲犱犻犮犻狀犲犪狀犱犕犪狋犲
狉犻犪犕犲犱犻犮犪犚犲狊犲犪狉犮犺,2009,20(1):57.
[12] •²³ï­%b,l.ý…HI[M]."\::û¢ž
1978:365396。
[13] ´r˜,µ¶·,%¸¹,l.òów}~‚Z?@—Ⅰ.
Ïxòów}~Pw}~¥Kº»
[J].`a%&,1982,
(4):4147.
SHENMZ,ZHAIBJ,DONGHR,犲狋犪犾.Studiesonnitrate
accumulationinvegetablecropsl.evaluationofnitrateandni
triteindifferentvegetables[J].犃犮狋犪犎狅狉狋犻犮狌犾狋狌狉犪犲犛犻狀犻犮犪,
1982,(4):4147.
[14] TUV,¼5½,ºŒe,l.òów}~Z+"ý.ðª?
@
[J].#$ƒ„/Óh%&,2002,8(1):4043.
AISY,YAOJW,HUANGXH,犲狋犪犾.Studyonthenitrate
reductioncharacteristicofvegetables[J].犘犾犪狀狋犖犪狋狉犻狋犻狅狀犪狀犱
犉犲狉狋犻犾犻狕犲狀犛犮犻犲狀犮犲,2002,8(1):4043.
[15] Z5[,–¾¿,´šÀ.Ïxvwyz\ó1“、9¦Pƒ
„…JZ†‡
[J].GH%&,2007,44(4):683688.
WANGJF,DONGCX,SHEN QR.EffectsofNH+4N/
NO-3Nratioongrowth,foodsafetyandnutritionalquality
ofspinach[J].犃犮狋犪 犘犲犱狅犾狅犵犻犮犪 犛犻狀犻犮犪,2007,44(4):
683688.
[16] ROORDAVanEYSINGAJPNL.Nitrateandglasshouse
vegetables[J].犖狌狋狉犻犲狀狋犆狔犮犾犻狀犵犻狀犃犵狉狅犲犮狅狊狔狊狋犲犿狊,1984,5
(2):149156.
[17] §Ár,ÂÃÄ,ÅÆÇ,l.ÈqúóZw}~Pw}~
‚uš/Â#jÿªZ#L
[J].#$1I%NÉ,1990,
(3):21.
GAOYM,ZHANGYD,YANXF,犲狋犪犾.Accumulationof
nitrateandnitriteinsomevegetablesanditsrelationtothe
activitieofenzvmes[J].犘犾犪狀狋犘犺狔狊犻狅犾狅犵狔犆狅犿犿狌狀犻犮犪狋犻狅狀狊,
1990,(3):21.
[18] Qtu,ÊvË,ÌÍ[.³3})LZawtmzŒ¯ó
w}~‚Z†‡
[J].|ëNOÔ%,2004,24(1):1923.
WANGHJ,WULH,TAO Q N.Influenceofpartialre
placementofnitratebyaminoacidsonnitrateaccumulationof
pakchoi(犅狉犪狊狊犻犮犪犮犺犻狀犲狀狊犻狊 L.)[J].犆犺犻狀犪犈狀狏犻狉狅狀犿犲狀狋犪犾
犛犮犻犲狀犮犲,2004,24(1):1923.
[19] M|},Qô›,‘1š.Ïxmrstuxyzòó1“
P…JZ†‡
[J].!"]^_%%&,1999,27(2):610.
TIANXH,WANGZH,LISX.Effectofdifferentnitro
geousformsandNO-3 toNH+4 ratioongrowthandqualityof
vegetables[J].犃犮狋犪 犝狀犻狏.犃犵狉犻犮.犅狅狉犲犪犾犻犗犮犮犻犱犲狀狋犪犾犻狊,
1999,27(2):610.
[20] ‘mÎ,Ï÷Ð.NOQãz#$,á.5$Z†‡[J].Ñ
"҉?@
,1999,14(3):285292.
LIJQ,JINYJ.Theeffectofenvironmentalfactorsonthe
alelochemicalsofplants[J].犎犲犫犲犻犑狅狌狉狀犪犾狅犳犉狅狉犲狊狋狉狔犪狀犱
犗狉犮犺犪狉犱犚犲狊犲犪狉犮犺,1999,14(3):285292.
[21] {́,ÓÔñ,ÕÖ×.“Øúº»?@\—[J].Ò^Ô
%
,2000,36(6):110115.
CHENGSY,GU MR,SHU HR.Advancesinresearchon
flavonoidsin犌犻狀犽犵狅犫犻犾狅犫犪leaf[J].犛犮犻犲狀狋犻犪犛犻犾狏犪犲犛犻狀犻犮犪犲,
2000,36(6):110115.

!"

#$%
)  
447 ! " # $ % &                   36*