免费文献传递   相关文献

Research Progress on Rheological Behavior of Wood-Plastic Composites

木塑复合材料流变行为研究进展


木塑复合材料(WPC)是一种兼具有木材和塑料双重优点的新型复合材料,在建筑、家具、装饰、运输和汽车内衬等领域显示出独特的优势并得到了迅速发展。为了进一步降低成本和增强木质感,商业化WPC产品的木质纤维填充量在40%~60%,甚至超过70%。这种高的木质纤维填充量造成了WPC挤出加工困难,主要表现为不稳定流动及表面撕裂等现象的出现,由此导致产品质量差,加工效率低。目前,人们对这种高填充体系下WPC熔体的流变行为尚不完全理解,更是缺乏系统的理论基础。高填充体系下WPC熔体中木质纤维材料与木质纤维材料之间、木质纤维材料与聚合物基体之间相互作用增强,其中木质纤维材料(种类、尺寸、填充量)、聚合物基体的分子质量和分子质量分布、润滑剂、偶联剂都是该复杂体系流变行为的重要影响因素。本文对高木质纤维填充体系下WPC的流变行为研究进行系统回顾,以期为WPC的配方设计、工艺控制、加工设备升级和模具制造提供一定的理论基础和科学依据。

Wood-plastic composite(WPC) is a novel material bearing excellent properties from both wood and thermoplastic. It is increasingly used in construction, furniture, decoration, transportation and interior of car. In order to reduce the cost and improve the wood texture, the wood content of commercial WPC has reached a level of 40%-60%, even greater than 70%. The high wood content causes a difficulty in extrusion processing of WPC, where the flow of melt is unstable and the surface of extruded WPC exhibits a tear phenomena. In addition, the quality of WPC and the processing efficiency also decrease. Up date, the rheological behavior of highly filled WPC melt is still not fully understood due to lacking of the systematic theoretical basis. When plastic matrix is filled with high content of wood fiber, the interactions of fiber-fiber and fiber-polymer will enhance. In this complex system, dominant factors of rheological behavior include the lignocellulosic material (species, particle size, and content), the molecular structure of the polymer matrix (molecular weight and molecular weight distribution), lubricants, and coupling agents. In this paper we reviewed the previous studies aiming at providing a theoretical and scientific foundation for proper formula design, process control, processing equipment upgrade, and die manufacture of WPC.


全 文 :!!"
" !
"
#
# $ % #
$
"
%
& ( )
&()*+(, &(-.,) &(*(,)
./01!"!*/1"
,234!# $ % #
W 1»¼Ë5Ôu>?î·
äMZ
<
D&6

KW&±)•åö»¼()¡8T–ŸXBC¹šº
<
A*B
%7$$!$(
!
<
"
!<
W 1»¼
Wc(
®µ¾ÌÀÁW»e ¼çB6C[nЍ1»¼
!
Z€×
)

)
!3
)
Ù°eÅ
-½4Îê{,@š-[6#_<¦Þ“ÈL·
$
uÞîµ=…”ESe‰UWöÂ
!
¶V
Wc
`­[W
ö³¥üžlZ
!$b @6$b!
ž?e^
A$b$
¬¾}[Wö³¥üžlEÞ
Wc
5@ŠOUV
!
˜™xQu£
ogËÿ›x²¼nÎQR[@Q
!
æƯ°`­öló
!
ŠOÆ]”
$

!
N֋¬¾}üž3g
Wc
Á
3[Ë5Ôu²£%aN
!
A®ÉÑgh[a-/¹
$
}üž3g
Wc
Á3=Wö³¥»¼¡Wö³¥»
¼¿ô
)
Wö³¥»¼¡â1å/3¿ô0M2n‰U
!
§=Wö³¥»¼

¾$
)
¥»
)
üžl
()
â1å/3[R
FöleRFölRü
)
®•ƒ
)
ôDƒŠ®Pì3gË5Ôu[B™ü6¸s
$
Sc‹}Wö³¥üž3g

Wc
[Ë5Ôu>?îÔgh.Í
!
š#u
Wc
[ŸtàÉ
)
OŠ%]
)
ŠOà]‚ªe À]Ü`µg[
a-/¹e()–é
$
#$%
"<
Wö³¥»¼
#
W 1»¼
#
œ ÷â1å
#
Ë5Ôu
#
5@
&()*
! &A"%<<<
+,-./
!,<<<
+01*
!%$$% 5A!""##$%#$$" 5$%!= 5$A
*+,#
" #$%# 5$A 5%A#
-.,#
" #$%# 5$" 5$"$
/012
"
34€„()/0d$12
=%%$$!#7(#
=3¡O•()/0l=12
#$%%K7$$6#"($
]$/$"%)2+%5%$//-]2$,5.)",6$2"A.%*!4^+,"/#.)R1B/.#$/
&/G3D/G3?IG3A9=->(+-$(+9()3%(E3-#/ T-$+%-7.,%",-"/ B,D"(7(59()T%"%#$+9()P/&,-$%("%" %7$$!$(
09/#%")#">/?U/PIMNWc( IPEG/YN0?EMNOIE0VNEOIG3NR>N0NGMUO/UNOMINPQO/? V/MC L//S EGS
MCNO?/U0EPMI>4(MIPIG>ONEPIG30T2PNS IG >/GPMO2>MI/G! Q2OGIM2ON! SN>/OEMI/G! MOEGPU/OMEMI/G EGS IGMNOI/O/Q>EO4(G /OSNOM/
ONS2>NMCN>/PMEGS I?UO/YNMCNL//S MNRM2ON! MCNL//S >/GMNGM/Q>/??NO>IE0WcCEPONE>CNS E0NYN0/Q!$b 56$b!
NYNG 3ONEMNOMCEG A$b4+CNCI3C L//S >/GMNGM>E2PNPESIQI>20MTIG NRMO2PI/G UO/>NPPIG3/QWc! LCNONMCNQ0/L/Q?N0M
IP2GPMEV0NEGS MCNP2OQE>N/QNRMO2SNS WcNRCIVIMPEMNEOUCNG/?NGE4(G ESSIMI/G! MCNJ2E0IMT/QWcEGS MCN
UO/>NPPIG3NQI>ING>TE0P/SN>ONEPN4tU SEMN! MCNOCN/0/3I>E0VNCEYI/O/QCI3C0TQI0NS Wc?N0MIPPMI0G/MQ20T
2GSNOPM//S S2NM/0E>ZIG3/QMCNPTPMN?EMI>MCN/ONMI>E0VEPIP4WCNG U0EPMI>?EMOIRIPQI0NS LIMC CI3C >/GMNGM/QL//S QIVNO!
MCNIGMNOE>MI/GP/QQIVNOXQIVNOEGS QIVNOXU/0T?NOLI0NGCEG>N4(G MCIP>/?U0NRPTPMN?! S/?IGEGMQE>M/OP/QOCN/0/3I>E0
VNCEYI/OIG>02SNMCN0I3G/>N020/PI>?EMNOIE0PUN>INP! UEOMI>0NPI[N! EGS >/GMNGM(! MCN?/0N>20EOPMO2>M2ON/QMCNU/0T?NO
?EMOIR?/0N>20EOLNI3CMEGS ?/0N>20EOLNI3CMSIPMOIV2MI/G(! 02VOI>EGMP! EGS >/2U0IG3E3NGMP4(G MCIPUEUNOLNONYINLNS
MCNUONYI/2PPM2SINPEI?IG3EMUO/YISIG3EMCN/ONMI>E0EGS P>INGMIQI>Q/2GSEMI/G Q/OUO/UNOQ/O?20ESNPI3G! UO/>NPP>/GMO/0!
UO/>NPPIG3NJ2IU?NGM2U3OESN! EGS SIN?EG2QE>M2ON/QWc4
:$; <%4/"<0I3G/>N020/PI>?EMNOIE0# L//SXU0EPMI>>/?U/PIMN# MCNO?/U0EPMI># OCN/0/3I>E0VNCEYI/O# NRMO2PI/G
<<
Z^Ï[
#$
Â$Â
!
W 1»¼
Wc(
2
uµ¾ÌÁW»e ¼çB6C[õ¼Ð1»
¼
!
q\¦W»O*e ¼ŠOÔ[>p
!
`
­£)

)
!3
)
Ù°eÅ-Îê<¦
mn

ìÑcÎ
! #$$A($
uޞRŽnWö³¥»
¼STÇÈ
)
­þ•
)
”ES
)
‹ŠOà]QRäÎ
6C
!
¶V•`[
Wc
W­Ÿ‰Š§üžl
!
,
©™e^
7$b!
ž?á¦
A$b
šQ
$
¬¾}[Wö
³¥üžl
!
ŠÉÞ
Wc
Z5@ŠO^¼=Á3Ë
ÿ£ogex²ÉË
!
Eл5@Èé\¦L±
¸]
!
ž?ŠOVšîÔ
aOIPM/Y$-7;! #$$7#
#$$6# #$$AE($
ևWö³¥üžl[‰Š
!
Á¯
°`­[Õ·÷emgÛ÷6B…”
aOIPM/Y$
-7;! #$$!E# #$$!V# #$$!>($
^ÏNֵ찠~
Ü}
Wc
[ )÷Ÿ
)
ÏV÷Ÿ
!
“L×>p§Ë
5÷Ÿ
80NS[ZI$-7;! %;;;#WEG3$-7;! #$$;# &/G3
& ( )
!"
"
<
$-7;! #$%$($
¬¾T~}üžlA`S[Ë5Q
R
!
Å
"
}.é
)
U[ÌÂ5‰Ôu
)
ì[m 
5
m5–˜÷
)
x²¼nem²•ãÎ
!
ÿ!‹§îÔ
LI[aN^ŸE¸{[ŸtàÉeOŠ%]
CEO0M/G! #$$%# -I$-7;! #$$7# aOIPM/Y! #$$;($
,^‹
Wc
Á3[Ë5ÔuîÔ>?
!
­š<¦¡
3g½Xvk0>[.¶÷ÊË
)
ì&oô&òû
3g[Ÿt¤E
)
´ivk
)
ŠO÷Ÿ›~i[÷Ÿ
¿ô[>g
!
¬‹~ɯ`­[¹âŠOÀÁ5R
B™[và
$
‹~}üž[
Wc
Á3“ä
!
Wö³¥»¼¡
Wö³¥»¼¿ô
)
Wö³¥»¼¡â1å/3¿
ô[0M2n‰U
!
xQ@
%
$ß3
&
[ìË3Ô
u
!
¬¡¯h[ðâ1åo”üžâ1å[Ë5Ô
u{|£q
!
Ë5ÔuAŠì
KEO>/YI>C $-7;!
#$$!# aOIPM/Y$-7;! #$$6($
^ϋ~ðâ1åo
p”üžß3Fâ1å3g[Ë5)÷öe»¼
½Xvk¿ô[>g>?Uiç
!
ÀÁ0‹EF
[a-3g
!
>‹~
Wc
¬¾Wö³¥}üž[â
1å3gË5)÷ö[>?˜™®/~»¼~i.
¶÷[f™
!
ÉÑgh[jk÷åd
&EGMI$-7;!
#$$;($
/~Æ
!
Sc;KÞn$S
Wc
Ë5)[
>?‹f
!
‹§a-Ew[˜™î·îÔÞàv
$
%[5@£ogÔu
â1åÁ3[5@Ëÿ£ogÔu˜™xQZ
EÐ^¼=[Á38nQR
$
Z5@ŠO^¼=
!
{ÌÂm oÌÂÈ]e^¦µñ*à
!
5@å
x²@Q6z
)
ÕÓ£å
)
Á6Â+g
)
7ež?@
QϞ܌[QRlu
%
Á38n
&!
¬¾QRbË
3 )[cé¢luâ1å[£ogËÿ
$
EÁ
38nQR[w]5Rì
!
>­š^g[®
!
ÿ¡
Á3[TH÷.¶÷
)
¡RFÕZÌÂ˂=[Ý
=eNÝ=
)
8veN8v›ÜXOŠVù9¸s
Á>

§:Î
! #$$#($
Z
Wc
5@ŠO^¼=
!
5@å£og
!
x²6ze#M¼n®UàÏ[
QR
$
¬­šIvuL·¸
!
§=[\  ç 
Š[£j:Ëÿ
)
Xœ  m[.•Ùÿe^ém
5
#
_§®{ À砊`pËÿGª[`pm 
e^Þ5@å[Á3Ué
!
»5@QÉË
$
WX
2ð>~
Wc
[Ëÿ£og÷w]²£y^
!

¬PQRŠ¡
Wc
[½XvkeÂ¥éÛ;-a
èÂ0>

ì›
! #$%%($
Zœ ÷â1å=cŠWö³¥»¼
!
5@Q
Á3.é{|‰±
!
¬¾.é[‰Š¯°ÞŠOE
ÐUV
)
5@åx²ÉËÎQR[@Q
KEIMI$-7;!
%;";# #$$!# -I$-7;! #$$6E# #$$6V($ /`NM0NO
Î
%;"#(
ö—BCއ5@È鉊
!
Wö³¥üž
OP1»¼@Qy{[x²6ze#M¼nQ
R
$ N`/O3N
Î
%;;6(
>?vâã³¥‰U”èé
âÃ`1»¼
!
LQZ}ÌÂÈ]5@åx
²£åº
$
„“¡
/`NM0NO
e
N`/O3N
[>?vw0
ò
!8N>OEQM
Î
%;;#(
e
O/LP/G
Î
%;"$(
LQ«
¾£q³¥üž[â1åZA}[ÌÂÈ]ò“
º!
_~¬¾QR[@QI¸~³
¥ZËÿt=[Ý=
)
u=m ó[2ne³¥Z
Èé‚[ïÿA¯°[
$ aOIPM/Y
Î
#$$6# #$$AE(
>?LQ‡W›kl‰Š
!Wc
Á3[”
!
H÷.¶÷GFv
!
!µu=m ó…ä
!
ÌÂ
5‰Ôu‰U
!
‡œÌÂÈ]‰Š
!
m²•ãÈéó
ɉŠ
!
¯°kÁ
6$b
o
A$b
W›üž[}èéâ
Ã`
a9c)(
1»¼$v=Ëÿ[@Q
!
x²¼
nQR%1Î
!
5@åx²5$
¬«y
Wc
Z5@^¼=@Q[£ogËÿQR­š,
^m²•ãÆm…×o1Î
$

!
>~m²•ã‹â1åËÿ£og÷e
5@)5[ü6SQ9Â>?pA.-
$ -I
Î
#$$7(
‹Wö³¥üž
a9c)
1»¼[m²•
ãQRîÔÞ>?
!
›n
K//GNT
Rdtu‹
Wc
Á3ZUMX=[ÌÂËÿîÔÞY¨
!
vwxy
W»[¾$ecŠl‹m²•ãzÁü6
$ -I
Î
#$$6V(
LQ>W
da9c)
1»¼Á3[ÌÂËÿ
e`pËÿæ~W›?[˜Z
!
xQ@{|[T
H÷-a
!
ä,ë,@f™vwxy
!Wc
TH÷
£Ÿ lAŠ~[m5QåΔ~ðâ1å/3
$
aOIPM/Y
Î
#$$AE(
>?LQ
!a9c)
/
Wc
ZU”
[ÌÂÈ]¨@Qx²¼n
!
‰Š  ªíÁ
=~1άµQR
!
>Zqµªí‰ŠXí:
`•£Žü6
$
“‹~â:`/
Wc!
ì›
#$%%(
åuå¼ËÍ  [à¶÷£Ÿç Æm[¶
÷£Ÿ‹º¶3g[´ÍA±
!
¸Æñnv  À
­š…×å¼Z À=[ŸÒô
!
…×ÌÂ75
e¶÷£Ÿ
!
ò“AÁŽ~Z}ȍ5@
$
ì›
#$%%(
îµ=>?â:`/
Wc
3gZ
}È5@^¼=´i›~i7Ì[5VjkLQ
!
¡ðâ:`ogËÿ[÷ö£q
!
â:`/
Wc
3
gÀÁy{[A}Ð5@)5
)
m²•ã›6—5
@)5ΣogËÿÔu
$
{3ge^¦µÌÂm
 
!
¨JK@Qm²•ãQR
!
>m²•ãÈé0
‹U”
!
Z™š´Ý½ÊÁ@Qy{[³ ,@Q
!!%
"
# |yÎ
"
W 1»¼Ë5Ôu>?î·
R
$
“
a9c)
/
Wc
Z}È5@^¼=
!
{5@È
ée^¦µñ*à
!Wc
Á3qL•m²•ã
QR
!
>m²•ãÈé0‹U}
!
_ևÁy{[³
 ,@QR
aOIPM/Y$-7;! #$$6($
{5@Èée^
¦µñ*à
!
m²Š[m %e^弡UMX
m[BC 
!Wc
Á3ZUMXmmn»5@Q
%•ÿ
!
b“ñ<å¼Zm²Š[¹âÌÂÈ]
ÁA…”
!
¶÷£Ÿ‡¿…
!
¢5ñ5@å[x²
5<0•
!
¨îç!60•G
#
‡œ5@Èé[î
µ=‰Š
!
{¶÷£Ÿþ—e^}RF/3AŸ£
˜[Ö¸
!
Ž5L•6—5@)5eÁ38n
aOIPM/Y$-7;! #$$AE# #$$AV($
W›kló}[
Wc
3g
!
*²›W›DEΪÛ;ôvkN[
»ó±
!
Z0q[5@Èé
!
3g[´iÛ;
^¼O•~~i75»ó{|
!
§¶÷£Ÿ»óÂ
!
ó²¾L•£ogËÿ
$
¸Æ‡œW›kl[‰
Š
!Wc
bx²A}Ð)5ï5u0•[ñ*5@
È鑒Ü}
!
«™ZA}[5@Èé^Ÿîç
!60•G
!
“‡œ5@Èé[îµ=Ü}
!
6—5
@)5QRÁ‡¿Üð@Q

ì›
! #$%%($
QK>
?xy
!Wc
Z5@^¼=ÀÁäÐ[m²•ãQ
R
!
¬¡eœ}üžl[
Wc
Á­ŸZU}[5@
È鍺$
#˜™¤R‹Ë5Ôu[ü6
ED=>
?@¶·°
uޅ”
Wc
]­[ES
!
qÜ}WöÂ
!
¶V[
Wc
`­W­ŸFZA}[Wö³¥ü
žl
$
>}[Wö³¥üžl5`Sµg([Ì
<
!
Å»¼G÷‰Š
!
ÊQ
)
º^÷Ÿ…”
!
_§®3
g[.鉱
!
E5@EЊOUV
$
«¬AÁ
[>?vwzxy
!Wc
[.é‡Wö³¥kl[
‰Š“‰Š
!
Á3!
ÀÁÌÂ.閘
~ÌÂÈ][Á ÷Ë3-a
!
“¿}üž3g
[Á3‹ÌÂÈ][5VAŠqÂ
-I$-7;! #$$!#
/`SEOS $-7;! #$$;($ cEUEMCEGEPPI/2
Î
%;;A(
‹
Wc
ÌÂ5‰‰U[·¸NOuW›?¿ô[
â1åFz\¦U}[XÌÂ2nA°
$ -I
Î
#$$!(
NO
Wc
Á3xi.é‡W›kl[‰Š
“‰±[˜™·¸®W›£Áø¿W›?[˜Z
É*Þâ1åRFÕ[Ùÿ
$
¡
-I
[iCµ°
!
K/CEGMT
Î
#$$6(
Áåu
Wc
3g.鉱[·
¸®±lW›[˜ZÅõÞâ1åÁ3[¨©Ë
ÿ
!
_¿É*ÞRFÕÍXËÿt=[Ùÿ
$ oIE/
Î
#$$=(
›nÂïË5ßeUMXË5ߋ>
?Þ>W
da9c)
1»¼[Ë5÷Ÿ
!
vwLQ‡
W›kl[‰Š
!
æäë,@ÌÂf™eH5f™
<¦[Á3¶÷ŠÁA…
!
_¿P3g£¶b
/RXKNO[
j:
$ KEIMI
Î
#$$!(
>?ÞW›üžÎ
jâ:`Á3[Ë5Ôu
!
qLQ‡W›kl‰
Š
!
Á3¶÷…”
$ -I
Î
#$$!(
Áu¹Þ‡W›k
l‰Š
!Wc
3g£¶b
/RXKNO[
j:
!
¨
Wc
Á
3oÃ.é[ÌÂÈ]¡ÿÃ.é[-]¿ô£À
Á0%[–˜÷
!
“¬µj:‹~ðâ1åÀÁµ
g[9n÷
$ N`/O3N
Î
%;;6 () rE0EUOEPES
Î
#$$=(
LQW›[cŠ_ÊÁG5ðâ1å[Û
;
!
>‰ŠÞº¶3g[Û;ô
!
W›kl[‰Š
¯°IéÉÕ{|Q‚
$ KEO>/YI>C
Î
#$$!(
‹W
›üžâ:`Á3ÿÃË5÷ŸîÔ>?•LQ
!
{W›klZ
!$b

!
£Ÿ leR2 lZqµ
ÕlªQ
!
{W›klZ
7$b

!
£Ÿ l±~R
2 l
$
¬¾QR«y
!
W›üžl[‰Š¯°W
›?¿ô0M2n‰U
$
&>CN?NGE2NO
Î
#$$$(
›nUMXË5ß>?
ÞJFK³¥
)
Pé³¥eXé³¥‹â:`Ë5
÷Ÿ[ü6
$
!
Pé‰U[â:
`Á3ÀÁ4ä[!
xi.é‹ÌÂÈ]
[5V4qÂ
!
“JFK³¥‹â:`Á3ËÔu
ü64ä
$ -I
Î
#$$!(
›nUMXË5ß>?Þ
W³¥
da9c)
1»¼[oÃËÿ
!
LQkÁÛW
[
Wc
£ÅkÁ>W[
Wc
xiÌÂ.é‡W›
kl‰ŠG5!
¬­ŸI¸~ÛWW›=k
Áµgl[ñlïV1å
!
Z5@^¼=Õ¦Þ$
%®•ƒ[2n
$
-I
Î
#$$7(
‹>W}üž
a9c)
Á3Ë5÷
ŸîÔÞ>?
!
Züžlu
6$b

!
ÌÂ.ée`
p.髬£\W›?¥»[ü6
!
ÌÂ.é|
‡?¥»[…äÁᴉŠ["#
$ :CEG3
Î
#$$A(
‹>?Þ¤®teŠõ±vÄۉUâ
:`[Ë5Ôu
!
LQZ}üžl
!#
¾W³¥‰
U[âÃ`1»¼Õ.é{|£q
!
,©®ª
³¥v³¥ñ3g.鉊<Â
!
+ZôDƒ˜
Z[‹f
!
¬¾GŸ:AŠy{
$ ,[I[I
Î
#$$;(
ÿÃË5f™vwxy
!
cŠ[Wö³¥»¼?
¥»óä
!
x²³ó±
!
¾EFô[‚â
hP?EG $-7;! #$$6(!
b“ñ3g[Õ.鉱
$
aOIPM/Y
Î
#$$"(
>?xy
!
W›?¥»‹
Wc
Á3.é[ü6¡ÌÂÈ]eW›klÁ>
$

ÌÂÈ]Vù
!
kÁUäW›?[
Wc
Á3x
Q@A}[ÌÂ.é
#
“{W›kl}~
=$b

!
7!%
& ( )
!"
"
<
Z}ÌÂÈ]Vù
!
W›?¥»‹
Wc
Á3Ë
ÿ÷Ÿ[ü6«¬­š¥‘
$
ÆÜ?Ö?LQ
!
c
ŠU±W›?[
Wc
x²¼nA×
!
xQ@A}
[m•Èé
!
_~¬µ·¸Iv~m²•ãzõé
[ü6
&/0MEGI$-7;! %;;"($
EDE>
æç[(½@;›(½@;(>
>~â1å/3[RFöleRFölRü‹
Wc
Ë5÷Ÿü6[0>>?ecÍBCU×
$
‹~ðâ1å“ä
!
¡0‹RFölRüL[â1
å0
!
0‹RFölRüUø[â1åZU”[
ÌÂÈ]»@QTwMËÿ
!
ÌÂ5‰A{|
$
>‹~â1åüž3g“ä
!
â1åRFöleR
FölRü‹3g[ü6?\ü¼¡â1å*²0
M2n[ü6
$ aOIPM/Y
Î
#$$AV(
LQ”RFöl
eRFölRüL[âÃ`cŠW›•.鉊ë
éU±
!
RFölRüL[â1å/3eW›¿ô
[*²v1AI
$
,©”RFölâ1å/3}
RFölâ1å/3‹
Wc
Á3.鉊ëé´
ÍA±
!
¬˜™®¸uvRFÕâ1å¾~Ó¦
W»[Âë÷vk=
!
,^w^Mª2nÜ}ÞW
›¡â1å/3¿ô[*²v1
-2 $-7;! #$$$($
aOIPM/Y
Î
#$$" (
BC
!
”RFöl[
a9c)
/
Wc
Z5@ŠO^¼=
!
x²¼nQR™×~}R
Föl[
a9c)
/
Wc$
Z0q[ÌÂÈ]
!
x
²¼nQR¿AšA²¾L•Z}RFöl[â1
å/
Wc
5@åQ
!
¬®¸uåzRFöl±[â
1å/1»¼«™Aª[57Û;ô
!

¾L•Á38n
!
“”RFölâ1åZ0qÌÂ
m 
!
æ~m•z®æxi.éU”[”RFö
lâ1åkE
!
m•Èé0‹U±
!
¸Æx²öl0
‹UI
$
ZåzRFöl0Î[Vù
!
RFöl
RüUø[â1å/
Wc
5@ËÿUI
!
L•Á3
8n[ñ*ÌÂÈ]U}
!
¬­Ÿ¡øRüâ1å
/
Wc
=”RFölªR[½‰ 2nÁ>
$
EDC>
èéê
u…×弡ŠOà]¿ô[BC
!
GžÁ3
Ëÿ÷
!
Ü}]­[x²öle•`Æ]
!Wc
Š
OÓZ¹â•`^¼=Š5‡ËcŠ®•ƒ
$
_
§‹~}üž[
Wc
3g“ä
!
cŠ®•ƒ˜N®
…”.é
)
Ü}ü¼R)
)
Òîm²•ã4ÁÆ[t
u
$

!Wc
©n[®•ƒ˜™[\Ã:çñl
ïK¼
)8&()
™„
)
èñï
)
èñïK¼
)
âÃ`„
Î
$
®•ƒ[ŠçÁŽ~Ü}
Wc
[x²öl_
‰Š•`l
!
>Á­Ÿ±ë酔1»¼[ )
÷Ÿ
!
¸Æ®•ƒ$Ð[abeŠçlLB™
$
®
•ƒ–é$И™Ru½®•ƒeÜ®•ƒ
$
½®
•ƒ˜™,^1èRFô½â 
!
ñâ1åZ57
RFÕôA²¾`•0‹•ãeïÿ
$
Ü®•ƒ
ZŠO^¼=L²¾bÁ3½Xåã¦x²
!
Z*
²ŠÝ=y(
!
Ö÷/‚=œ0ìx²
!
,^åaK
moV)Ä17Eµ¶”½âUé[®•ƒRF
z
!
b“…”Þâ1廼¡ŠOà]ô[BC 
$
йQ
!
ϱÂÕ®•ƒqŠÀ]½®•eÜ®
•[ğ
!
/®¼é£q
-I$-7;! #$$6E($
-/
Î
%;;;(
ñn”.é[kOâ1ŠO=ƒ
cc,(
2u®•ƒ{|…”Þ
Wc
[ÌÂ.é
!
§
>?vwxy®•ƒ4­Ÿü6•ãz[õé
!
_
‡®•ƒ[kleÌÂÈ][‰Š“‰±
$ -I
Î
#$$!(
>?LQ
!
½®•ƒ[cŠ­Áƅ”
Wc
[xiÌÂ.é
!
_¿‡W›kl[‰Š
!
…”ëé

!
>^l[®•ƒ:‹»¼[ )÷Ÿ`•£
Žü6
$ -I
Î
#$$6E(
LQñ$®•ƒZ
Wc
3
g=£|‰UÞWö³¥»¼[R)
!
“¿xQ@
UI[Ü®•2n
$ aOIPM/Y
Î
#$$A>(
LQ
%b
k
l[œ ÷î½ñ¶÷3
+c&)(
­š…מ?®
%1Î}üž
Wc
5@å[x²ÉË
!
“¿‰Š
5@Èé5`•AI[Æw
$ ,SCIZEOT
Î
#$%%(
[>?Áxy
!
®•ƒ[cŠñ<7üeÁ3³ 
…”
!
3gxiÌÂ.酔
$
Z
Wc
¹âŠO^
¼=
!
Àb½®•ƒe$SïP&Mâ1åôDƒ
1n
!
¬ZÜ}ŠO÷Ÿ[q
!
¢Ÿ¼¦»¼[
 )÷Ÿ
$
>«™p¡[®
!
Z
Wc
•`=™«¬
èñï0ìùe$SïP&M[â`QôDƒq
ñn
!
¸uèñï0ìù²¾¡$SïP/‚7E
E1å
!
¬PRòm5ñ<$SïP&Mâ`Q[
‰²2nZŠO=îÆ
8/MO/P! #$$=($
EDQ>
ëÍê
³¥‹/3[‰U2n®,^*²‹m [Á
ƯøS¹Q[
$ Wc
3g=Ö÷Wö³¥»¼
eTÖ÷â1å¿ô0²÷Uó¯°Wö³¥»¼
Z/3=R)£z
)
*²v1Uè
!
b“ü6ÞWö
³¥»¼[‰U2n
!
Gž¬µÌ<[4ÁÆtu
¿µ®cŠôDƒ
$
Z^Ï[
#$
$ÂÁ>
Wc
ô
Dƒ[>?LÂ
80NS[ZI$-7;! %;;;# -EI$-7;!
#$$=# rNNGNO$-7;! #$$!# N`/O3N0$-7;! #$$%(!
_
§®ñn$SïP&Mâ`Q2u
Wc
[ôDƒ
SÍQu¹®µ¾Ü}*²v14uÁÆ[tu
!
¬˜-®b»¼[~i )÷Ÿ?®b´i[*²
7Ãz<¦Þu¹
gN0IR$-7;! %;;=# E`2MCINO$
-7;! %;;"# 80NS[ZI$-7;! #$$=($
6!%
"
# |yÎ
"
W 1»¼Ë5Ôu>?î·
>~ôDƒ‹
Wc
Ë5÷Ÿ[ü6
!
QÁ[>
?vwò‹U±
$ -I
Î
%;;;(
>?Þ$SïP&
Mâ:`
K,cc(
‹â:`Á3.é[ü6
!
{c
Š
7b
[
K,cc
Z
#$$ _
[VùÁ3.鍅Þ
n
%7b!
_¿‡
K,cc
kl[‰Š¦ç…
$
&>CN?NGE2NO
Î
#$$$(
BCÞ
K,cc
‹
=$b
Pé³
¥üžâ:`1»¼[Á3.髬ÊÁü6
$
CEO0M/G#$$%(
LQôDƒ[cŠ…”Þ
Wc
[I
éÉÕ
!
xy3g[.酔
!
_嬵vwI¸~
ôDƒ[˜ZGžÞWö³¥»¼Zâ1å/3=
[R)
$
„“
!
Z¬µ-=
!
ôDƒ[ÁøÉՙ
}~â1å/3[ÁøÉÕ
$ KEIMI
Î
#$$!(
BC
ÞSïOôDƒ[cŠ¯°W³¥
d
â:`1»
¼[ÌÂ.酔
!
?ÖåuSïOôDƒ[cŠ
ñW³¥x²AŠ0•
!
Õ¦Þ®•op®‰ 2
n
$
„“
!
µP>?vw{,ñnôDƒ5¯°Á
3.é[‰Š
$ K/CEGMT
Î
#$$6# #$$A (
åu
!
K,cc
¯°3g.鉊[·¸®T~³¥eâ1
å¿ô*²[ÁÆv1
$ a2EG3
Î
#$$;(
Áu¹Þ
µC
!
?ÖLQñn$SïP&MâÃ`
K,c)(
Ü}Þü¼¡â1å¿ô[0M2n
!
¬
¾U[*²0M2n¡]Þâ1åRFÕ[Ùÿ
!
¯°£Ÿ leÕ.é[‰Š
!
q1»¼[
`pegÛUéÁ<¦Ü}
!
«ym <¦ÞÁÆ
[¯ø
$
aOIPM/Y
Î
#$$AV(
BCޔ.é[$SïP&
MâÃ`ôDƒ
+c/0TV/GS =%$;!K(i=$ 3-%$
?IG(
5%
,
cŠ¦}RFöl
c)
/3
K(i$1=7 3-
?IG
5%
(
e}.é[$SïP&MâÃ`ôDƒ
/NPIYNg=$! K(i% @# 3-?IG
5%
(
cŠ¦”RFö
l
c)
/3
K(i" 3-?IG
5%
(
=º<Þ}[ÌÂm
 eÌÂ.é
$
?åu¬RŸ¡”RFölôDƒ
¾~Ëÿ
!
A¾&nW»x²
!
“}RFölôDƒ
¡”RFölâ1å/3[ÁÆ8v2nÁ>
$
Ð
¹Q
!
ôDƒñü¼eâ1å/3*²v12n[
‰U£|ñ
Wc
Á3.鉊
!
“¿ñ»¼AÊ 
 ½[}ÌÂm e  @ Š[^éd 
!
¸Æ
!
AÁŽ~«¬L•Á38n
$
=<
vT
}Wö³¥üž[
Wc
3gË5ÔuÖ§
ì
!
ÎÞSc.-[Wö³¥»¼[üžl
)
¾$
)
?±ä
)
â1å/3RFöl›RFölRü
)
ô

)
®•ƒÎ‹Ë5Ôu[ü6¿Ü
!
ŠO^¼=
[OŠ%]

Íé
)
6UïÈÎ
()
5@à]e À
vkΊå5‹
Wc
[Ë5Ôu`•B™ü6
$
^ÏN֋
Wc
[Ë5÷Ÿ>?˜™/~˜w
÷Füžâ1å[tuîÔÀf
!
¥³ÞWö³
¥»¼S´[.¶÷-a‹3gË5Ôu[ü6
$
ÆÜ
!
â1å/3RFöl›RFölRü
)
ôDƒ
*²2n‹
Wc
Ë5Ôu[ü6jk?«™îµ
=>?eg.
$
?~ôDƒeWö³¥¿ô[0M
2n®ý®vÄv1
)
„F0M2n
)
΀v1
Î
!
{ð[Ë5Rd?˜uÜ`¬t²[ÊË
$
æ
~\Xm•ãeç ³ …[ü6
!
ûš›nUM
XË5ßJK
Wc
Á3[Ë5ÔuÀÁL±[
¸÷
!
v1ÂïË5ߛ§?¾Ë5>?ûÍ_
n‹~º<œi[Ë5ÔuJK5RB™
$
à¿
!
}Wö³¥üž[
Wc
3g
!
Ë5Ôu\Ÿt¤
E
)
ŠOOŠü6L±
!
²ÊÁ7Eµ¶ºegh
[Ë5)a-
$
¸Æ
!
ևœ
Wc
!
i
çegh[Ë5)>?5RB™
$
X Y + ,
ìÑc
!
ìˆ~
!
|y
!
Î
4#$$A4
W 1»¼¡]­
4
WX
"
V)O@‰Š
4
§:
!
ú‡ÿ
4#$$#4
}RF»¼Ë5)
4
WX
"
}Ɵ@
‰Š
4
ì
<
›
4#$%%4
}üžW 1»¼Ë5Ôu¡vÅ÷ö>?
4
Q
sq,±)¡O)r-c
4
,SCIZEOTr8! cEOZ 8! (P0E?Kf! $-74#$%%4)QN>MP/Q02VOI>EGM
>/GMNGM/G NRMO2PI/G UO/>NPPIG3EGS ?N>CEGI>E0UO/UNOMINP/QL//S
Q0/2OXCI3CXSNGPIMTU/0TNMCT0NGN>/?U/PIMNP4H/2OGE0/Q+CNO?/U0EPMI>
/?U/PIMNKEMNOIE0P! #!#(" %77 5%A%4
,[I[Ia! C`EPN?I(4#$$;4(GYNPMI3EMI/G /G MCNSTGE?I>?N0MOCN/0/3I>E0
UO/UNOMINP /Q U/0TUO/UT0NGNdL//S Q0/2O >/?U/PIMNP4 c/0T?NO
/?U/PIMN! =$!(" !#; 5!=74
8N>OEQMK-! KNM[GNO,81%;;#4+CNOCN/0/3T! QIVNO/OINGMEMI/G! EGS
UO/>NPPIG3VNCEYI/O/QQIVNOXQI0NS Q02ISP4H/2OGE0/QfCN/0/3T!
=6%(" %!= 5%A!4
80NS[ZI,r! E`PPEG H4%;;;4/?U/PIMNPONIGQ/O>NS LIMC >N020/PN
VEPNS QIVONP4cO/3ONPPIG c/0T?NO&>ING>N! #!#(" ##% 5#A!4
80NS[ZI,r! gEO2Z h4#$$=4W//S QIVONONIGQ/O>NS U/0TUO/UT0NGN
>/?U/PIMNP" NQN>M/QQIVON3N/?NMOTEGS >/2U0IG3E3NGM/G UCTPI>/X
?N>CEGI>E0 UO/UNOMINP4 ,UU0INS /?U/PIMN KEMNOIE0P!
%$" =67 5=A;4
8/MO/PK4#$$=4+CN30/VE0/2M0//Z Q/OGEM2OE0EGS L//S QIVNO
>/?U/PIMNP4(GMNOMN>C /GQNONG>N! *NLhO0NEGP! = 574
CEO0M/G :4#$$%4cO/QI0NNRMO2PI/G /QCI3C0TQI0NS >N020/PNXU/0TNMCT0NGN
>/?U/PIMNP4K)G3+CNPIP! 9NUEOM?NGM/QCN?I>E0)G3IGNNOIG3!
K>KEPMNOtGIYNOPIMT! aE?I0M/G! EGESE4
O/LP/G fH! g/0ZNPKH4%;"$4fCN/0/3T/QPC/OM30EPPQIVNOXONIGQ/O>NS
MCNO?/U0EPMI>PEGS IMPEUU0I>EMI/G M/IGFN>MI/G ?/0SIG34(4+CNNQN>M
/Q?EMNOIE0UEOE?NMNOP4c/0T?NO)G3IGNNOIG3EGS &>ING>N! #$%!("
;=! 5;!$4
A!%
& ( )
!"
"
<
gN0IRHK! E`MNGC/0?c4%;;=4g/O?EMI/G /QNGMEG30N?NGMPEMVO2PC0IZN
IGMNOQE>NPIG >N020/PNXU/0T?NO>/?U/PIMNP4H/2OGE0/Q,UU0INS
c/0T?NO&>ING>N! 7$!(" 6;; 5A$"4
E`2MCINOf! H/0T! /2UEP,! $-74%;;"4(GMNOQE>NPIG U/0T/0NQIGd
>N020/PI> QIVNO >/?U/PIMNP" >CN?I>E0>/2U0IG3! ?/OUC/0/3T!
>/ON0EMI/G LIMC ESCNPI/G EGS E3IG3 IG ?/IPM2ON4 c/0T?NO
/?U/PIMNP! %;=(" #"A 5=$$4
N`/O3NH! HEGEOSCEG f! ,GEGS H&! $-74%;;64KN0MOCN/0/3I>E0
VNCEYI/2O/QPC/OMUIGNEUU0NQIVONONIGQ/O>NS 0/LSNGPIMTU/0TNMCT0NGN
>/?U/PIMNP4c/0T?NO! =A#!(" 7!#% 57!=%4
N`/O3N0H! &ONNZE0EK &! +C/?EP&4#$$%4,ONYINL/G IGMNOQE>N
?/SIQI>EMI/G EGS >CEOE>MNOI[EMI/G /QGEM2OE0QIVNOONIGQ/O>NS U0EPMI>
>/?U/PIMNP4 c/0T?NO )G3IGNNOIG3 EGS &>ING>N!
!%;(" %!A% 5%!"74
/`SEOS g! .IG>NGMK! ,3EPPEGMHg! $-74#$$;4fCN/0/3I>E0VNCEYI/O
EGS ?N>CEGI>E0UO/UNOMINP/QPELS2PMdU/0TNMCT0NGN>/?U/PIMNP4
H/2OGE0/Q,UU0INS c/0T?NO&>ING>N! %%#!(" #77; 5#7664
/`NM0NO-! &N[GEH! 9IKE2O/cH1%;"#4&C/OMQIVNOONIGQ/O>N?NGM/Q
NRMO2SNS O2VVNOUO/QI0NP4f2VVNOW/O0S %"A%(" == 5!#4
aOIPM/Y.*! .EPI0NYE& +! rO2?/YEK! $-74#$$!E49NQ/O?EMI/G
?N>CEGIP?PEGS ?N>CEGI>E0UO/UNOMINP/Q?/SIQINS U/0TUO/UT0NGNd
L//S QIVNO>/?U/PIMNP4c/0T?NO/?U/PIMNP! #77(" 7#% 57#64
aOIPM/Y.*! rO2?/YEK! .EPI0NYE& +! $-74#$$!V4K/SIQINS
U/0TUO/UT0NGNL//S Q0/2O>/?U/PIMNP4(4gOE>M2ON! SNQ/O?EMI/G!
EGS ?N>CEGI>E0UO/UNOMINP4,UU0INS c/0T?NO&>ING>N! ;##(" %#"6
5%#;#4
aOIPM/Y.*! -E>C f! O`N0?EGG W4#$$!>4(?UE>MQOE>M2ONVNCEYI/O/Q
?/SIQINS U/0TUO/UT0NGNdL//S QIVNO>/?U/PIMNP4c/0T?NO+NPMIG3! #=
7(" 7"% 57";4
aOIPM/Y.*! +EZE>P)! .0E>C/U/20/PH4#$$74.IP>/N0EPMI>VNCEYI/O/Q
CI3C0TQI0NS a9c)dL//S Q0/2O>/?U/PIMNP4 ,GG2E0+N>CGI>E0
/GQNONG>N! %==% 5%==74
aOIPM/Y.*! +EZE>P)! .0E>C/U/20/PH4#$$64&2OQE>NMNEOIG3EGS LE0
P0IU UCNG/?NGEIG NRMO2PI/G /QCI3C0TQI0NS a9c)dL//S Q0/2O
>/?U/PIMNP4 c/0T?NO )G3IGNNOIG3 EGS &>ING>N! !6
;(" %#$! 5%#%!4
aOIPM/Y.*! .0E>C/U/20/PH4#$$AE4,PM2ST/QYIP>/N0EPMI>IMTEGS
NRMO2SEMNSIPM/OMI/GP/QL//S U/0T?NO>/?U/PIMNP4fCN/0/3I>E0,>ME!
!67(" AA= 5A"=4
aOIPM/Y.*! .0E>C/U/20/PH4#$$AV4(GQ02NG>N/Q>/2U0IG3E3NGMP/G
?N0MQ0/L VNCEYI/O/QGEM2OE0QIVNO>/?U/PIMNP4KE>O/?/0N>20EO
KEMNOIE0PEGS )G3IGNNOIG3! #;#7(" 6$" 56%;4
aOIPM/Y.*! .0E>C/U/20/PH4#$$A>4+CNO?/U0EPMI>PI0I>/GNN0EPM/?NO
02VOI>EGMIG NRMO2PI/G /QU/0TUO/UT0NGNL//S Q0/2O>/?U/PIMNP4
,SYEG>NPIG c/0T?NO+N>CG/0/3T! #6#(" %$$ 5%$"4
aOIPM/Y.*! .0E>C/U/20/PH4#$$"4)QN>MP/QU/0T?NO?/0N>20EOLNI3CM
EGS QI0NOUEOMI>0NPI[N/G Q0/LVNCEYI/O/QL//S U/0T?NO>/?U/PIMNP4
c/0T?NO/?U/PIMNP! #;"(" "=% 5"=;4
aOIPM/Y.*4#$$;4KN0MQ0/L(GPMEVI0IMINP/QL//S U/0T?NO>/?U/PIMNP4
/?U/PIMN(GMNOQE>NP!%6Ad;(" A=% 5A7$4
a2EG3ao! :CEG3HH4#$$;4)QN>MP/QQI0NOXQI0NOEGS U/0T?NOXQI0NO
IGMNOE>MI/GP/G OCN/0/3I>E0EGS ?N>CEGI>E0UO/UNOMINP/Qa9c)XL//S
>/?U/PIMNP4H/2OGE0/Q,UU0INS c/0T?NO&>ING>N! %%% 6(" #"$6
5#"%#4
rE0EUOEPES !` KEMCNL !` cEYIMCOEG ! $-74#$$=4KN0MOCN/0/3I>E0
VNCEYI/O/QIGMI?EMN0T?IRNS PC/OMPIPE0X30EPPCTVOIS QIVNOXONIGQ/O>NS
0/LXSNGPIMTU/0TNMCT0NGN>/?U/PIMNP4(4tGMONEMNS QIVNOP4H/2OGE0/Q
,UU0INS c/0T?NO&>ING>N! ";#(" !=# 5!!#4
rNNGNO+H! &M2EOMfr!8O/LG +r4#$$!4KE0NEMNS >/2U0IG3E3NGMPQ/O
GEM2OE0QIVON>/?U/PIMNP4/?U/PIMNPcEOM," ,UU0INS &>ING>NEGS
KEG2QE>M2OIG3! =7=(" =7A 5=6#4
-EI& K!DNC g!WEG3D!$-74#$$=4/?UEOEMIYNPM2ST/Q?E0NEMNS
U/0T/0NQIGP EP >/?UEMIVI0I[NOP Q/O U/0TNMCT0NGNdL//S Q0/2O
>/?U/PIMNP4 H/2OGE0 /Q ,UU0INS c/0T?NO &>ING>N! "A
=(" !"A 5!;64
-I&! HEOYN0Ecr! HEOYN0Ec,4%;;;4KN0MOCN/0/3I>E0UO/UNOMINP/Q
U/0TUO/UT0NGNX?E0NEMNS U/0TUO/UT0NGNV0NGSP4(4&MNESTQ0/L VT
>EUI0EOT4 H/2OGE0 /Q ,UU0INS c/0T?NO &>ING>N! A%
%$(" %6!% 5%6!"4
-I+B! W/0>/MKc4#$$!4fCN/0/3T/Qa9c)XL//S >/?U/PIMNP4(4
&MNESTPMEMNPCNEOEGS NRMNGPI/GE0Q0/L4/?U/PIMNPcEOM," ,UU0INS
&>ING>NEGS KEG2QE>M2OIG3! =7=(" =$= 5=%%4
-I+B! W/0>/MKc4#$$74fCN/0/3T/QL//S U0EPMI>P?N0M4cEOM%4
EUI0EOTOCN/?NMOT/Qa9c)QI0NS LIMC ?EU0N4c/0T?NO)G3IGNNOIG3
EGS &>ING>N! !7!(" 7!; 577;4
-I+B! W/0>/MKc4#$$6E4fCN/0/3T/QL//S U0EPMI>P?N0M4cEOM#4
)QN>MP/Q02VOI>EMIG3PTPMN?PIG a9c)d?EU0N>/?U/PIMNP4c/0T?NO
)G3IGNNOIG3EGS &>ING>N! !6!(" !6! 5!A=4
-I+B! W/0>/MKc4#$$6V4fCN/0/3T/QL//S U0EPMI>P?N0M4cEOM=4
*/G-IGNEO*EM2ON/QMCNg0/L4c/0T?NO)G3IGNNOIG3EGS &>ING>N!
!6%(" %%! 5%#%4
-/aar! CEG K! :C2 & a4%;;;4CEOE>MNOI[EMI/G /QMCN02VOI>EGM
0ETNOEMMCNIGMNOQE>NVNMLNNG MCNNRMO2SEMNEGS MCNSINLE0S2OIG3
NRMO2PI/G /Qa9c)EGS Q02/O/N0EPM/?NOV0NGSPVToc&! &(K&! EGS
&)K4c/0T?NO)G3IGNNOIG3EGS &>ING>N! =;!(" A#% 5A=#4
-2 H:!W2 B!K>GEVV a&4#$$$4CN?I>E0>/2U0IG3IG L//S QIVNOEGS
U/0T?NO>/?U/PIMNP" ,ONYINL/Q>/2U0IG3E3NGMPEGS MONEM?NGMP4
W//S EGS gIVNO&>ING>N! =#%(" "" 5%$!4
KEIMI& *! aEPPEG K f4 %;";4 KN0MOCN/0/3I>E0UO/UNOMINP/Q
U/0TUO/UT0NGNXL//S Q0/2O>/?U/PIMNP4H/2OGE0/Q,UU0INS c/0T?NO
&>ING>N! =AA(" #$%; 5#$=#4
KEIMI& *! &2VVEOE/f!(VOECI?K*4#$$!4)QN>M/QL//S QIVNOP/G MCN
OCN/0/3I>E0UO/UNOMINP/QIXccdL//S QIVNO>/?U/PIMNP4 ,UU0INS
c/0T?NO&>ING>N! ;%%(" 6!! 567$4
KEO>/YI>C *)! fNV/ONS/KK! rNGGTH! $-74#$$!4fCN/0/3T/Q
UEOMI>0NP2PUNGPI/GPIG YIP>/N0EPMI>?NSIE4L//S Q0/2OXU/0TUO/UT0NGN
?N0M4fCN/0/3I>E,>ME!!==(" #;= 5=$=4
K/CEGMT&! *ETEZ & r4#$$A49TGE?I>EGS PMNESTPMEMNYIP>/N0EPMI>
VNCEYI/OEGS ?/OUC/0/3T/QK,ccMONEMNS ccdPIPE0>/?U/PIMNP4
KEMNOIE0P&>ING>NEGS )G3IGNNOIG3" ,! !!= %(" #$# 5#$"4
K/CEGMT&! .NO?E& r! *ETEZ & r4#$$64fCN/0/3I>E0CEOE>MNOI[EMI/G
/QccdF2MN>/?U/PIMN?N0MP4H/2OGE0/Q,UU0INS c/0T?NO&>ING>N! ;;
!(" %A6 5%!"!4
hP?EG K ,! ,ME0EC ,4#$$64)QN>M/QMCNUEOMI>0NPI[N/G MCN
YIP>/N0EPMI>UO/UNOMINP/QQI0NS U/0TNMCT0NGN4c/0T?NO! !AA(" #=7A
5#=6"4
"!%
"
# |yÎ
"
W 1»¼Ë5Ôu>?î·
cEUEMCEGEPPI/2 +9! 2`N094%;;A4g0/LXIGS2>NS ,0I3G?NGMIG
>/?U/PIMN?EMNOIE0P4W//SCNES c2V0IPCIG3-I?IMNS cONPP! -/GS/G4
&EGMIf! aE3N)! .0E>C/U/20/PH! $-74#$$;4fCN/0/3TEGS
UO/>NPPIG3/Qa9c)dL//S Q0/2O>/?U/PIMNP4(GMNOGEMI/GE0c/0T?NO
cO/>NPPIG3!#!!(" =!6 5=7=4
&>CN?NGE2NOHH! hPPLE0S +,! &EGESI! $-74#$$$4KN0MOCN/0/3I>E0
UO/UNOMINP/QGEM2OE0QIVNOXONIGQ/O>NS U/0TUO/UT0NGN4,*+)#$$$
&/>INMT/Qc0EPMI>)G3IGNNOP/GQNONG>N! ##$6 5##%$4
&/0MEGIg! DI0?E[NOt4%;;"4&0IU YN0/>IMTEGS P0IU 0ETNOMCI>ZGNPPIG
Q0/L/Q>/G>NGMOEMNP2PUNGPI/GP4H/2OGE0,UU0INS c/0T?NO&>ING>N!
A$=(" 7%7 57##4
&/G3D! WEG3B! aEG !` $-74#$%$4)QN>MP/QML/?/SIQI>EMI/G
?NMC/SP/G MCN?N>CEGI>E0UO/UNOMINP/QL//S Q0/2OdON>T>0NS U0EPMI>
V0NGSP>/?U/PIMNP"ESSIMI/G /QMCNO?/U0EPMI>N0EPM/?NO&)8&X3XK,a
EGS IGXPIM2 3OEQMIG3K,a4H/2OGE0/Qg/ONPMOTfNPNEO>C! #% =("
=A= 5=A"4
WEG3W! WEG3B! 9EG3W4 #$$;4 92OEVI0IMT/QEOI>NXC20X
U/0TNMCT0NGN>/?U/PIMN UO/UNOMT>CEG3N EQMNONRU/PNS M/ t.
LNEMCNOIG34H/2OGE0/QfNIGQ/O>NS c0EPMI>PEGS /?U/PIMNP! #"
%7(" %"%= 5%"##4
oIE/r! +[/3EGEZIP4#$$=4fCN/0/3I>E0UO/UNOMINP/Qa9c)XL//S
>/?U/PIMNP4 cO/>NNSIG3P /Q &c) ,GG2E0 +N>CGI>E0
/GQNONG>N! ;A7 5;A;4
:CEG3& D! :CEG3D-! 8/2P?IGEK4#$$A4)QN>MP/QOELQIVNO
?EMNOIE0P! QIVNO>/GMNGM! EGS >/2U0IG3E3NGM>/GMNGM/G PN0N>MNS
UO/UNOMINP /Q U/0TNMCT0NGNdL//S QIVNO >/?U/PIMNP4 c/0T?NO
)G3IGNNOIG3EGS &>ING>N! !A%$(" %6A" 5%6"A4
!
!"#$
<
¨©
"
q
<<
r
SZ
#$%#
$!
!"
"!
A
#
%
³¥sV”³Â>?î·
&
µc[,˜2pA¨uU
$
;!%