Forests managed by Lushuihe Forestry Bureau were taken as a case to analyze relative influences of harvest parameters, such as cutblock size, the spatial dispersion pattern of harvest units, whether or not reserving the forest adjacency to young forest and rotation length, on forest landscape pattern. The Harvest model and neutral landscape model were used to simulate various harvest strategies. And the Apack software was used to calculate landscape indexes of the simulated results for determining the degree of influence. The results showed that big cutblock size, clustered cutblocks, reserved forests adjacent to young forests and long rotation were able to reduce degree of forest landscape fragmentation in harvest. Whether or not the forest adjacent to young forests was reserved had the greatest influence on forest landscape, and cutblock size had the second of that.
全 文 :!!"
" !
#
#
$ % & &
$
#
%
& ( )
()*+,)- )./-* )+)(-*
/012!"!+02#
345!$ % & &
X_làÎjkUa
!
Ï
6
&!$
6
r¦Ð
7
6
!Ñ
!
6
ÒÓÔ
7
"&2
Ãع/)ghÞQ)E
6
Ã
&&%%7!# $2
H2()Ek]ËÌIJKLÝ
6
k]
7;&%%7#
72
H2()EÃ":;KLÝ
6
Ã
&&%%&;# !2
H2()E:;IJHMËÌù9a23ÅãÇ×
6
FG
&%%%8#$
#$%
6
±&×w
#
×wC
#
^_p>
# X4IJ=GK
#
H]^_
# -R4QZ
^_
#
ÌzD&>
&()*
! "8$2&$ g&!9666
+,-./
!-666
+01*
!&%%& :"!88"$%&%# :%% :%7
¿ÀÁ#
$%&% :%7 :$$#
ÂÃÁ#
$%&& :%7 :$8&
ÄÅz§
(
¼,½
)
23(¾¿DB
"$%%;F-<%7-%9$ %
2356()ÄÅz§
"!%8!&%%&$ &
! p=rVÉÊUË
&
T+,$)6+"6#,*E63#GO#+6+*8#,9&G06._.(68*W*.*6%&68#+N+28"O6P**6.+
jC <0>?
&! $
6MC <4R40
7
6<=>?X0>?A@>?
!
6<4@.@S@>
7
"&2:(2%4%()K(>+3,&@#/#4%&%/-! 59%/#/4 Q(+?/30%+,3-659%/#/4 &&%%7!# $2./,-3->-%()?+F#/ ;/03+(/&%/-! :93/%,%,
!"#$%&()5"3%/"%,6P3#&%/ 7;&%%7# 72./,-3->-%()!GG23%$ ;"(2(4! :93/%,%!"#$%&()5"3%/"%659%/#/4 &&%%&;#
!25-#-%L%J#F(+#-(+()?+F#/ #/$ 8%43(/#2;"(2(4! 8%,%#+"9 :%/-%+)(+;"(<;/03+(/&%/-#25"3%/"%,!
:93/%,%!"#$%&()5"3%/"%66%373/4 &%%%8#$
:08*."*6d0I=GKGS4>4?=H A5.CGBC@B=d0I=GKI5FCI=4C T=I=K4Z=> 4G4Q4G=K04>415k=I=14K@J=@>L1C=>Q=G0LB4IJ=GK
R4I4S=K=IG! GCQB 4GQCKA10QZ G@k=! KB=GR4K@41H@GR=IG@0> R4K=I> 0LB4IJ=GKC>@KG! TB=KB=I0I>0KI=G=IJ@>?KB=L0I=GK
4H[4Q=>Q5K050C>?L0I=GK4>H I0K4K@0> 1=>?KB! 0> L0I=GK14>HGQ4R=R4K=I>U,B=X4IJ=GKS0H=14>H >=CKI4114>HGQ4R=S0H=1
T=I=CG=H K0G@SC14K=J4I@0CGB4IJ=GKGKI4K=?@=GU->H KB=-R4QZ G0LKT4I=T4GCG=H K0Q41QC14K=14>HGQ4R=@>H=W=G0LKB=
G@SC14K=H I=GC1KGL0IH=K=IS@>@>?KB=H=?I==0L@>L1C=>Q=U,B=I=GC1KGGB0T=H KB4KA@?QCKA10QZ G@k=! Q1CGK=I=H QCKA10QZG!
I=G=IJ=H L0I=GKG4H[4Q=>KK050C>?L0I=GKG4>H 10>?I0K4K@0> T=I=4A1=K0I=HCQ=H=?I==0LL0I=GK14>HGQ4R=LI4?S=>K4K@0> @>
B4IJ=GKUVB=KB=I0I>0KKB=L0I=GK4H[4Q=>KK050C>?L0I=GKGT4GI=G=IJ=H B4H KB=?I=4K=GK@>L1C=>Q=0> L0I=GK14>HGQ4R=!
4>H QCKA10QZ G@k=B4H KB=G=Q0>H 0LKB4KU
;64 <#.286L0I=GKB4IJ=GK@>?# B4IJ=GKL4QK0IG# 14>HGQ4R=R4K=I># X4IJ=GKG@SC14K@0> S0H=1# >=CKI4114>HGQ4R=S0H=1#
-R4QZ G0LKT4I=# .CGBC@B=d0I=GKI5FCI=4C
66
µQ±&×wjÌ256[)ËKL
Å
&
H2&°
(
:;×w
)!
WgµQ×w
%
78
±&vwãáý½/_U
"
ÓÄ#
!$%%##
T
Qô
!$%%"#$%%8 $&
"#^_:;)ÍÎÏ
Ð
!
± & ^ _ K L V µ Q ×w&] ý À H ;
"F4GZ=>K%-#2E! &99;#F=K@>?=I%-#2E! $%%7#N01>=I%-
#2E! $%%8# OCGK4LG0>!&998#$%%"#
ÆVì
!&998#
TQ
ô
!$%%8#
T#
!$%%;$&
±&^_ÌqÁw
U^_9ÊL[i:;²³T,AÑ÷µ
4,ã¼o¾Ù,¸]Øa´µ0
"
¹Çl
!&999#
TW
!$%%%#
T#
!$%%;$!
ò(
£ò78&~w
%
$Ek4
&
×wÙ,p>
%
÷,Û
%
×w¹TuÙ,~.×
wCTê먩ý^_º;
"BS4>
$%%%#QBI0=H=I%-#2E! $%%$#B@L1=5%-#2E! $%%%#K4CG
%-#2E! $%%$#V41@> %-#2E! &99;#V01K=I%-#2E! $%%$$&
×wKLX,T×wCù^_£ò¦
,¹2²VM
"
Q%^
!$%%;$&
ç24éÈÈÑz\W×wj
%
×w
uw®ÀèÐý/¹KL
!
?^_z×w
ÀKLºJ
!
±&^_·vVnº=~@
"g]qe
"
Q%^
!$%%;$&
ÓKLTÌz
D&>Þm&9VI
!
G3×wCù^_p>
2²
!
´)×wC¤8÷µ
!
VµQ×wU
&]_`
&
?@
zÏÐ
KL9fg±<*F·
!
ç&SJ5
"!$]$! *^!$]!9 +^! &$"]$9 *^&$8]%$ *^$!
i*Ô£
!% ZS!
O F ± £
#% ZS!
ì 3 k í V
& $&$29# ZS
$
!
̱<&9¼opq]±&3
9a¦,
&
üð
;%% _8%% S!
Bg/Ö]
6!
#
# F
6
i
×wCW±&^_p>
{
!
ñ,wt(oÐqZ,
%
zqZ,q
¤qZ,
!
nokío°ñ
!
z~.¡
~.AÑYZ
&
©§Bg±<4©ZÈ
Ñ 9 ²
!
Ø ] © § V u S
" 13/>,
O(+#3%/,3,$
&
&
·9Vç2(ú:!ÄØ
!
qMwÏÐ
á×eê4w
%
Õ4wMw
!$%
ýè
8%
$pÂL
QóAw
&
/¹×wà&9°Ü&EêµQ
éÕÖ
&
=@
ÓÔ
Ò`KL9ã0Ña
!
CDbCçc
&$
×wkí
"#
&% BS
$
$#$$
×w~.
"
"üÐÒ~.
!
"ü~.{4bÜÔH
!
"ü
lA£µà_×w
!
ßÐÒ~.¡{4~á
,i£µ×wà_¦®
!
Ö4òÁWH
@~Ì!¼o£µà_
!
ço¡,ã
×w
$#7$
Ì!×w[&ÁW
"
Ìù!
$#!$
vw
#
"7%
;%
$
$&
×
X4IJ=GK
±&^_Ù,
"OCGK4LG0> %-
#2E! $%%&$
W×w®&E·b
!
b
×H]_:Xpè
&
Û
-R4QZ
^
_×
8
WaA¡
!
lmækí
%
«
%
~¯
%B4>>0>
[\]{
%
¡Ü¦i^_{
ª^_p>~
&
/i~ÜÔT
&%
$V
&
i;±
!
®
&%
!
ôb÷,±V
&%%
$
&
ÓKLt(`VÌzD&>Ým&9
$%%7
$A¹±&ow?@`
!
`pV
GB4R=
p
!
YH&m°&E
%
8§Aéw
%
3w
& ~ Ý + ( è
!
Û Q V
*P<- "UjO)
p
&
A@
;Ye(q
72&6
IJKLM%BQVêë6ôõNR,¸
¹
6
qq
&
A.
!
/×wUj
"&% BS
$
$
!:ækíZ/
"7%2"" BS
$
!
/g
# BS
$
÷
7%27; BS
$
$!
«Z
""72!$ S.BS
:$
!
g
# BS
$
÷
"72;! S.BS
:$
$!
ÄogJ±&
^_ ¡
!
og¯8:Z[\]
&
ÉR4
f4\g¾4Zéº.g/
!
/³
ZƱ
!
ÁWª¶Zé[\]¾
!
:;²³ZV®
&
!
º©Z:J ¡
!
éÈJ
!
éÈ
AäVpÏ$ÑßQn
"
T#
!$%%;$&
×
w"ü~.LÐÒ~.Wg^_p>
ê/
&
×wkíù~.ÁY
!
qgÒË/6
»ækí6fV
%2!& BS
$
!
®Ë¡V
%2 BS
$
!
qÒËWg±&^_ ¡
/
&
Yq
&
HMAT«°
!
×wkíù~.
Wg~¯
% B4>>0>
[\]{
%
¡Ü
Z
&
N
?@
X¶DEê
(
(=½àÎjkUa
90D?@T+,$)6+"6#,")*0$#"Z.6 +22&8*.&0)*+O**6.+#+,#.68*$+28"O6
z§
)K=S
×wkí
(CKA10QZ 4I=4bBS
$
# &%
"ü~.
P4>H0SH@GR=IG@0>
ÐÒ~.
(1CGK=I=H H@GR=IG@0>
"ü~.
P4>H0SH@GR=IG@0>
ÐÒ~.
(1CGK=I=H H@GR=IG@0>
ækí
3=4> R4KQB 4I=4bBS
$
7%27; 7%2#& 7%2"" 7%2""
«
*H?=H=>G@K5b"S.BS
:$
$
"72;! "72;$ "72!$ "72!#
~¯
"
xW
$dI4QK41H@S=>G@0> " H0CA1=10?$ &2 &2 &2 &2
B4>>0>
[\]{
B4>>0> H@J=IG@K5@>H=W $28$ $28$ $287 $28$
¡Ü{
(0>K4?@0> @>H=W %2"$ %2"$ %2"$ %2"$
72$6
OPIJ¤õQRõSBáJT6ôõ
NR,¸¹
6
qq
$
A.
!
×w[E&ÁW&«
ækíV
&92#8 BS
$
!
ßê×w¡V
$!28; BS
$
!
« ¡ ~ V
8&27&
"#28# S.BS
:$
!$
˵㪶ê×w[E&
ÁW&«W^_»¦¦g×w[E&
ÁW&«»
&
ßj6~@q
!
ækíÝW"
1
f~V
%2%%& &
%2%%% $!
¦g
%2%#
íþz
!
¶
Ì!×w[&ÁW&«Wækí
Ä
$
i{½Û
&
qåqê×w
[E&ÁW&«ä²^_ ¡Ô
!
&¾[E&:;²³®]
&
Yòd¦i
{ª«
!
×wùê×w[E&ÁW&«,6
fZ
&
Yq
$
HMAT«°
!
vw#V
7%
$æ
kíV
&92#; BS
$
!
ß
;%
$¡V
&92;% BS
$
!
«
¡~V
8&2$7
8&2$# S.BS
:$
!
Á6ê/
&
&
& ( )
!"
"
6
òd{¦,6f@Z
!
$°
7%
;%
$v w#W±&^_6Z
&
N
=@
FGXKÎwHÎI
(
JôàÎjkUa=K
90D=@T+,$)6+"6#,%6+"4 "#+8*.&+*8*# 4#)+% ,#.68*+2.#**+$6+%*E#+,#.68*$+28"O6
z§
)K=S
×w[&ÁW&«
-?=>Q5Q0>GKI4@>KGK050C>?L0I=GK
vw#
P0K4K@0> 1=>?KBb4
Ì
M=G
!
+0 7% ;%
ækí
3=4> R4KQB 4I=4bBS
$
&92#8 $!28; &92#; &92;%
«
*H?=H=>G@K5b"S.BS
:$
$
8&27& "#28# 8&2$7 8&2$#
~¯
"
xW
$dI4QK41<@S=>G@0> " H0CA1=10?$ &2&" &2&; &2&" &2&"
B4>>0>
[\]{
B4>>0> H@J=IG@K5@>H=W $297 $28" $297 $297
¡Ü{
(0>K4?@0> @>H=W %2"& %2"& %2"& %2"&
B@
;\e^Y^_\DECDw9èV:J78
%
±&Am3(H;
&
å¹KL×wC
ù^_(Ê2²
!
WgY^_\µQ
×wj×Ø/
&
±&×wUÜÔH(DE
Êt(o×w/
%
×w~.
%
Ì
!×w[&ÁW&«
%
vw#±
&
Þo[
)ËY]åG3ýÄÿ×wCWg±&^
_ü¢
!
?ÌWgÞiÊ//º
J3^
!
3RXĦiÊëW
&
ÉÜã
yKLATÏÜ
!
Äÿ×wCWg±&^_
/o,6
!
êäëW
&
Ò`q
&
$!
4b÷>5
!
qg×wk
í6»ækí6fV
%2!& BS
$
!
«
6fV
%2$$ S.BS
:$
#
qg~.6
»6f~V
%2 BS
$
%2%$ S.BS
:$
#
q
gÌ!×w[&ÁW&«6»6f~V
#2$8 BS
$
#2!; S.BS
:$
#
qgvw#êë»
6f~V
%2%! BS
$
%2%$ S.BS
:$
!
´µãª
«
!
Ì!×w[&ÁW&«W±&^_6
¤/
!
ò¡V×wkí
!
ÄVµQCDw9&
]ýCD
!
(×wWg±&^_Ö(9
~DEÄ
$
iÊ
&
×w~.vw#W
±&^_p>o,
!
Ä4,Ô\Çyý
}~)Ë&áÒHYiw9
%
ܱvw#AT
V±&^_ ¡_Å
!
?Yì0ª«
!
Ä
$
i
ÊWg±&^_Z
!
4w9CD÷
ATUV(ʪDE
&
ÓKLHñoDE;ûÊ
!
Äÿo
g,;KL
&
_ ` + ,
ÆVì
U&998U
±&:;²³3´e
U
ýþ&KL
!&& "! $ 9
:&;U
¹Çl
!
Qã
U&999U
±&^_ùAm&
U
&
C
!"&$ 7%
:7&U
Q%^
!
R
6
§
!
t¦´
!
U$%%;U
vwºW±&^_KL
Ð
U
&()
!!$"&9$ &&9 :&$;U
ÓÄ#
U$%%#U
iFª6&:;×wÀÂKL
U
FG
H2(
)°PQ
U
TQô
!
ÓÄ#
U$%%"U
±&:;×wKLde
U
&()
!!7"9$
87 :8"U
TQô
!
ÓÄ#
U$%%8U
±&:;×wQ^
U
&()
!!!"&%$ &$"
:&7&U
TW
!
M
6
]
U$%%%U
±&^_uò<=
U
±&ÓÔ
!&; "7$ &"
:&9U
T#
!
òÀ$
!
HcD
!
U$%%;U
êë×ÒUjW±&^_
:;
U
H2:;[)!&!"!$ !" :#%U
F4GZ=>K*N! f0IH4> O-U&99;U<=G@?>@>?L0I=GKS4>4?=S=>KK0Q0>KI01
GR4K@41GKICQKCI=0L14>HGQ4R=GU.4>HGQ4R=4>H eIA4> Y14>>@>?!7!
"&$ ## :"!U
F=K@>?=IY! =GG@0>GfU$%%7UR4K@41L0I=GKR14>>@>? K04H0RK! 0I>0K
K04H0RKUf0CI>410Ld0I=GKI5! &%&"$$ $! :$9U
OCGK4LG0> *f! 3CIRB5+.! (I0T,PU$%%&UeG@>?4O) S0H=1K0
4GG=GG K=II=GKI@41 G414S4>H=I I=GR0>G= K0 41K=I>4K@J= L0I=GK
S4>4?=S=>KR14>GUf0CI>410L*>J@I0>S=>K4134>4?=S=>K!;7 "7$
$8& :$9$U
OCGK4LG0> *fU&998UgC4>K@L5@>?14>HGQ4R=GR4K@41R4K=I> TB4K@GKB=
GK4K=0LKB=4IKU*Q0G5GK=SG! &"&$ &!7 :U
OCGK4LG0> *fU$%%"UP=14K@J=@>L1C=>Q=0LKB=Q0SR0>=>KG0LK@SA=I
B4IJ=GKGKI4K=?@=G0> 14>HGQ4R=R4K=I>Ud0I=GKQ@=>Q=! #7"#$ ##;
:#;&U
BS4> mU$%%%U(I=4K@>?Q0>K@>C0CG4I=4G0L01H L0I=GK@> 10>?iK=IS
L0I=GKR14>>@>?U(4>4H@4> f0CI>410Ld0I=GKP=G=4IQB! 7% " && $
&8&" :&8$7U
QBI0=H=I 0L14I?=iGQ41=GR4K@41
J=?=K4K@0> R4K=I>GL010T@>?Q1=4IQCKG4>H L@I=G@> >`K4I@0GA0I=41
L0I=GKGUd0I=GK*Q010?54>H 34>4?=S=>K! "$$ $&" :$7%U
B@L1=5 P! ,B0SR G0> dP! .4IG=>
?L0I=GK
14>HGQ4R= QB4>?= @> KB= 3@GG0CI@ k`4IZG C>H=I 41K=I>4K@J=
S4>4?=S=>KRI4QK@Q=GU(0SRCK=IG4>H *1=QKI0>@QG@> -?I@QC1KCI=!
$""&$ " :$!U
K4CG+.! KI@KB01KfP! <=14414<-! %-#2U$%%$UP4K=4>H R4K=I>
0LL0I=GKH@GKCIA4>Q=@> KB= m14S4KBi@GZ@50C =Q0I=?@0>! e-
A=KT==> &9"$ 4>H &99$U.4>HGQ4R=*Q010?5! &" "#$ !## :!"%U
V41@> < !` T4>G0> df! 34IZGF! %-#2U&99;U(0SR4I@G0> 0L
S4>4?=H 4>H RI=iG=K1=S=>K14>HGQ4R=H5>4S@QG@> L0I=GK0LKB=
Y4Q@L@Q+0IKBT=GK! e-Ud0I=GK*Q010?54>H 34>4?=S=>K! 8#"&$
$9& :79%U
V01K=IY,! VB@K=3-U$%%$UP=Q=>KL0I=GKQ0J=IK5R=KI4>G@K@0>G4>H
14>HGQ4R= GKICQKCI41 QB4>?=G @> >0IKB=4GK 3@>>=G0K4! e-U
.4>HGQ4R=*Q010?5! &" "$$ &77 :#U
N01>=IY-! P0A=IKG.f! OCGK4LG0> *f! %-#2U$%%8U)>L1C=>Q=0LL0I=GK
R14>>@>?41K=I>4K@J=G0> 14>HGQ4R=R4K=I> 4>H =Q0G5GK=S RI0Q=GG=G
@> >0IKB=I> V@GQ0>G@>! e-Ud0I=GK*Q010?54>H 34>4?=S=>K! $#!
"7$ !$9 :!!!U
!
/012
6
678
"
$#&