免费文献传递   相关文献

Root Biomass of Pinus massoniana Plantations under Different Planting Densities

不同造林密度马尾松人工林的根系生物量


采用全根挖掘法和土钻法,分别测定5种造林密度20年生马尾松林分平均标准木的单木和行间根系生物量,结果表明: 平均标准木单木根系总生物量随林分密度的增大而减少,不同级别根系生物量的排序为根桩>粗根>大根>中根>小根,其中根桩和粗根占根系生物量构成的90%以上。行间不同径级根系生物量的排序为中根>细根>小根。不同密度对中根、小根和细根生物量呈现出随密度增加而逐渐变小的趋势。5种密度马尾松林分的根系主要分布在0~30 cm的表层土壤中,占根系总生物量的82%以上。随着土层深度的增加,不同密度林分行间根系生物量逐渐减少。数学模型拟合的结果表明,平均标准木单木各级根系生物量与林分平均胸径、平均树高及密度有较强的相关性,除了小根以外,相关系数均达到0.8以上,林分行间各级根系生物量与林分密度也表现出较好的相关性。

Root biomasses, of average individual tree, and in rhizosphere between rows in 20-year-old Pinus massoniana forests with five different planting densities were measured by total root excavating and soil auger methods. The results showed that total root biomass of the average individual tree decreased with increasing planting density. Biomasses of different root diameter classes ranked as root stake > thick-root > large-root > medium-root > small-root, among which root stake and thick-root accounted for more 90% of total root biomass. Root Biomass of different diameter classes in rhizosphere between rows ranked as medium-root >fine-root >small-root. The effect of planting density on biomass decreased gradually from medium-root, small-root to fine-root. Under the five planting densities, major roots distributed in 0-30 cm upper soil, accounted for more than 82% of total root biomass. Root biomass in rhizosphere between rows decreased with increased soil depth in all planting densities. Mathematic models showed that root biomasses of different classes of average individual tree were correlated to stand average breast diameter, average height and planting density. The correlation coefficients were all above 0.8 except for small-root. The root biomass of different classes in rhizosphere between rows was also correlated to planting density.


全 文 :!!"
" !
#
#
$ % & &
$
#
%
& ( )
()*+,)- )./-* )+)(-*
/012!"!+02#
3456!$ % & &
~[&~Ûh~ž¸C&;Ÿ:A7z
!
#˜™
&
7
š—›
$
"&6
P+œM)A#())N
7

##%%$$# $2
µTM)&)N
7
µm
99%%$9$
!
7
"
!7
[\ÁŸ‚^m9…^
!
kácr
9
Õ[&~Û
$%
$Ah~ž&kä¿{ð;_ðm§ùŸ:A
7z
!
uvwx
&
ä¿{ð_ðŸ:tA7z˜&k~Û;‘Mދ„
!
~FáŸ:A7z;!"fŸƒ
@
Æ
Ÿ
@

@
ß
@
ğ
!
q߃mƟ“Ÿ:A7zýY;
B%h

%
§ù~FŸ:A7z;!"fß
@

@
ğ
%
~~Ûiß
(
ğm)ŸA7zߛy˜~ۑÞÝrÄ;§ö
% 9
Õ~Ûh~ž&k
;Ÿ:`Ëkå•
% ;#% A>
;wŽ9:Ã
!
“Ÿ:tA7z;
:$h

%
˜š9Ž6Û;‘
!
~~Û&k§
ùŸ:A7zÝ‹„
%
Â)î×ï‡;uvwx
!
ä¿{ð_ð—FŸ:A7zÒ&kä¿ú
(
ä¿.,
8~ېiÃ;’xp
!
…Ñğ_‡
!
’x:¿jÓ
%2:

!
&k§ù—FŸ:A7zÒ&k~ÛMw›y
iÙ;’xp
%
#$%
&7
h~ž
#
¸C&
#
[&~Û
#
Ÿ:A7z
#
kåWt
&()*
! "&:2998777
+,-./
!-777
+01*
!&%%& ?"!::"$%&&#%# ?%%"9 ?%"
œž#
& $%%B ?%: ?&##
Ÿ ž#
& $%&% ?&$ ?%9%
¡¢£¤
&
¥¦
)
©
*
(ª„x3H
)
h~ž¾½\Ó.՚դ±8×±ªÅgh
* "B8 ?%&& ?%& ?%&$ %
!ÀÉ?f¼½‹¾
%
‘£ghC‹EÓµTE;…&èx>’mÞ;Mˆf{
!
µTM)&)N
$%%#
†²k‡AЏч
UV
!
oW²;
%
J##3X-#E*99#4*&0-.#"..0&"0" M.*%3*3-#%9$%&)"N-44)")%3M.*%3-%+ N)%9-3-)9
I=4GHF4GnDQ
&
7KQG IE0XE
$
"&24(0#1#(+%2+#5/2#3/#!O2&31A2P()G&0932:#)-2*$7P&3/6&31 ##%%$$# $2,()#-*)$4(0#1#!I72D6(7 932:#)-2*$7I72$&31 99%%$9$
2;93"*13&7l004TTQT! 0[4WQ54HQDGVDWDVE41<5QQ! 4GV DG 5=DN0TU=Q5QSQ237-G&--(32&3&
[05QTQ4TE5QV SZ<0<41500Q<=0VT6,=Q5QTE1T=0XQV <=4<<0<415004TT0[<=Q4WQ54HQDGVDWDVE41<5QQVQA5Q4TQV XD<= DGA5Q4TDGHU14G4TTQT0[
VD[Q5QG<500QQVDE>Y500<@T>41Y5000GHX=DA=
50005QB%h 0[<0<415004TT6l004TT0[VD[Q5QGQ5=DN0TU=Q5QSQQVDE>Y500<@[DGQY500<@T>41Y500<6,=QQ[QA<0[U14G4TT
VQA5Q4TQV H54VE41Z[50>>QVDE>Y50041Y500<<0[DGQY500<6pGVQ5<=Q[DWQU14G4n05500% ?#% A> EUUQ5T0D1! 4AA0EG05Q<=4G :$h 0[<0<415004TT6l004TTDG 5=DN0TU=Q5QSQVQA5Q4TQV XD<= DGA5Q4TQV T0D1VQU<= DG 41U14G40VQ1TT=0XQV <=4<5004TTQT0[VD[Q5QG<
A14TTQT0[4WQ54HQDGVDWDVE41<5QQXQ5QA055Q14Q,=QA055Q1441Y500<6,=Q5004TT0[VD[Q5QGSQ<)0 =#"&9&7>237-G&--(32&3&# U14G<44TT# VDT<5DSE77
Ÿ:Æ.ðyGË÷cì›
!
~f&ð5–²
k«¬frm›B«¬‹!
Ò9:͜ckm<
k
!
Þñ¼ÌZm“
!
ÇLê‡u7ëÝ9:ç
F›+
!
i&ðAOSš´rp‹"(4GGVQ1D#*
&06! &BB8#
ÌlÞÔ
! $%%:$!
•>?&ð<=mé&
AB:;=zŽ.m7+7$ÈßG˪Î
%
Ò
$%
´µÃ#_À
!
˜š¸ÖiA75Âs)7$Ì
D;GX
!
é&Ÿ:;gh¹´Óxã
!
L;gh
6¸Kié&AB:;<=m>Ï;Ѩ
"
Ä¢A
Ô
!$%%!$%
¥‡Od)¾§kGXi&ðŸ:AO
8qA7z;gh
"
‰#
!&B:9# (4TUQ5#*&06! &BB"#
CE5]QT#*&06! $%%#$!
Ö¥¨¬)¾MijÏ1}ž
"%&)2AF)23/2F2-a)7FF)#/6*2$(

">237-=#3-2+0()&$(
Ÿ ž
" >237- *&70&#+()G2-$(
Ä } þ
" >(F707-
-2G(32$(
Š ð
" 5&--&+)&-*D7G7 $(
U M ž
">237-
$733&3#3-2-$(
<õÿ
",)&A237-G&3=-/67)2/&$
Ô.
& ( )
!"
"
7
Õ;Ÿ:A7z¦§Ñgh
"
ǐÞÔ
! &BB"#
ù
Ÿ¤Ô
! &BB:#
ÌYÔ
! &BBB#
eò>Ô
! &BBB#
š
‹¤Ô
! $%%##
Œ—Ô
! $%%##
¯s]Ô
! $%%9#
3

! $%%8$%
h~ž
">237-G&--(32&3&$
ÆÖ¥MeJÌk
å;\Ó&.Õ
!
•é&®býYӐ§kGË
;5g
%
¿¬$À
!
¨¬)¾ih~ž¸C&
(
gM
&m.¯zA&A7z;uýo“
(
kSWt8A
uˆ<äÔ¦§Ñgh
!
qÃMEFi&ðm&k
Ÿ:A7z;crÒgh
"
œTÔ
! &B:$#
©M

! &B:8#
nŽ=
! &BB##
ÞÒ
! $%%%#
ž’
Ô
! $%%&#
ðµ”
! $%%##
žô,
! $%%8#
º´¤
Ô
! $%%8# $%%:#
‘šjÔ
! $%%"$!
ih~ž&
kŸ:A7z¦§Žagh;Áé"؄
!
i~
[&~Ûñ&ÿiM;h~ž&k¦§Ÿ:A7z
Žagh;Á鎄
%
‘=_µTE;…&è
$%
$Ah~ž[&~
ÛçJ&fghij
!
[\ÁŸ‚^m9…^
"
‰#
! &B:9#
kòïÔ
! &BBB$!
i
9
Õ±Ç~Ûç
J]5;ä¿{ð_ðŸ:A7zm&k§ùŸ
:A7zkᦧÑcrmgh
!
fѨ~~Û
h~ž¸C&Ÿ:A7z8q3ùkåWt
!
«,
h~ž¸C&;â÷šµ<䫬()ÌI
%
&7
çJ5°±
çJ5g‡µTE;…&蒖Cc
!
Xh~
žkå;Ã4+c
%
æçXÃaÄ4Àm=xÖ
×
!
$ä¿æÀ
&!2: b!
$俊& %:B2# >>!
$俒i=Û
"Bh%
çJ5½¾hf
& &9% >!
5Xf‹W
(
UWËÃ-“5
!
HÝLM
!

9 ;
&% %`
‹’fűp’
!
9:fÊmn+Ž++ôŽ
-5k:
%
h~žï5zÂ
&8
òó
!
ï5+zÃ
Ô
%
çJ5w‹fh~ž¸C&
!
&áð
(
‘`
Ëf”•
"4&-*&3#& -#17232$(
Ä}M–
"W&//2327G
)&/*#&*7G W456 /623#3-#$(
R J Y
" I&70*6#)2&
0#7/(/&)F& W456 /)#370&*& $(
Ò * ø
" %#-F#=#D&
2/(0()$(
—
">*#)2=27G &V720237GW4560&*27-/707G$(
©d˜
"M2-/&3*67-+0()2=707-$(
N˜™
"H2/)&3(F*#)2-
023#&)2-$
Ô
%
$7
ghe^
CB>?
”•cÛ
[&~ÛçJ[\˜›c•Þ­
!
Þß
9
û!
µ
!
ãû!µ
#
zGY
!
…
&9
ûfr]5
!
çJÄc
fÁf
!%% >
$
"$% >f$% >$%
Þ­;
9
û!µù
§Ekáf
# >f# >"& &&&
ù
=>
?$
$!$ >f$ >
"$ 9%%
ù
=>
?$
$!&29 >f&29 >"! !!!
ù
=>
?$
$!
& >f& >"&% %%%
ù
=>
?$
$!%2" >f%2" >"$% !%:
ù
=>
?$
$!
ká-!C!(!g!*
Àwþ
%
[&HC[\Áfú5
(
ó/rH
(
Hšr
Ç;e^
%
±Çš;W4f
!% A>f!% A>f$9 A>%
¬çÀðf“5Õb
!
®±
&
$A
&!$
FÀð[&
%
Àðä¿,
$!2& A>!
ä¿5f
%2$9 A>%
[&k
ùf
&B:#
$
$
%
!
âYÜdUVh
!
i„Š‹;
Àð
!
‡›$b\ÿÀð¦§õÇ
%
[&“$œ
å±
$
z
!
!
$!#
$kᦧž9…—
$
z
%
•úûçJÌDÃ
!
&k¿ú¦§Ìå±ù‘
!
Ú
‡&k;®¯ÿƒm\¬¸fßà
!
•&ÿ
$%
$U
Vk
!-!C!(!g!*
—!µ&k;ä¿av~Ûká
ŠËf
B%:!& :#%!# 9:9!9 "9%!" !#8
ù
=>
?$
%
CBC?
%„…BG]^›œ
‘zgh•Ð6‰#
"&B:9$(
ÌYÔ
"&BBB$
k
֝^;¡­–
!
u‡•Ÿ:‚mUVcrÃ;
I2í±
!
5~Ÿ:kf)Ÿ
"
Ÿ
m%2$ A>$(
ğ
"
Ÿ
%2$ ;%29 A>$(
ß
"
Ÿ
%29 ;&2%
A>$(

"
Ÿ
&2% ;$2% A>$(
Ɵ
"
Ÿ
@$2%
A>$
mŸƒ
8
Ö
%
[\ÁŸ‚^cr&kä¿{ð_ðA7
z
!
ãû]5;&kä¿{ð¿Ò%5w
$ A>
ò
ó!‘1
!
•ˆY5–²kA7zcrh
!
\ž÷Ö
â=‚yÁ²Ÿƒ
(
Ɵ
(

(
ß8ğ
!
5q
Ÿ)üµ/h
!
éz—FŸ;ê+z
!
¯hká[
Z
9% ;8% H
]¥\‡cr%
[\9…^cr&k§ùA7z
!
9…f¨å

92%! A>(
‡
92"& A>(

8% A>(
÷²4¦ 
;‚‰òš
%
•ãû]5å;&ð§ù˜›Þß
$%
û[]H
!
ãû[]Hã¶
&% A>
f¨ûŽz…
³9]
!
¨É…Ó
9% A>

%
Ò[ZÓ;9]Ã
kŽk%y)Ÿ
(
ğm²kß
#
û~FŸ
:
!
káüµ/héqê+z
!
ë5q‹fcrÉ
%
Y]¥4 IJKh
!
•
&%9 b
\Àá[/
Ô\z
!
cr—]¥;É!
Á^y—•k;A
7z
%
CBA?
®¯«`
i~~Û&kä¿{ð_ð8&k§ù~
Fá;Ÿ:A7zÂI
!
¿Ñe
| ¦§e
Ukl!µ
%
ieUkluvU*…†íŠ¿…†
¾
!
ø[.l
~J^¦§—ä¿DÑÑù;dG
i
%

!
i~~Û&kù~FáŸ:A7
8"
7!
#
# ºT”Ô
&
~[&~Ûh~ž¸C&;Ÿ:A7z
z;ä¿D
!
¢ká­^q{U
"
žj¡Ô
!
&B::$%
#7
uvÒkl
AB>?
F(_`-aÈbÈ%„…BG
Òw
&
â_ˆy
!9
Õ~;[&~Û
!
q&k
ä¿{ð_ð;Ÿ:A7z
!
¿_ŸƒY“»
yM
!
“Ÿ:tA7z;
9:2#%h ;"$2!8h!

~ÛyÄ;
-
!µY“»yË
%
ƟA7z“
Ÿ:tA7z;
&:2&:h ;#"2:"h!
qÃ~ÛyÄ
;
-

!
qƟA7z“Ÿ:tA7z;»f
~ÛyM;
*
!µ;
$2%:
…
%
ŸƒmƟѾ;
A7zÆä¿{ð_ðŸ:tA7z;`Ñ
!
q
Ѿøm“Ÿ:tA7z;»
!-!C!(!g!*9
Õ
~Ûkáf
B82&"h!B82#!h!B$2""h!B!2%&h
m
B%28!h!
‚wxh~ž&ð•AOÌDÃ
!
µ€ŸƒmƟ>?«¬mfr.Ñ;‹%
…Ÿƒm
Ɵ‡
!

(
ßmğA7z“Ÿ:tA7z;
»øiË
%
~~Û!µ&kä¿{ð_ð;
MŸA7zf
$2#$h ;!2B8h!
ßA7zf
%2"!h ;#2$9h!
ğA7zf
%2%Bh ;$2$9h%
9
Õ~[&~Û;h~ž&k
!
q~FáŸ:
A7z;!"¡‘–Zf
&
Ÿƒ
@
Ɵ
@

@
Ã
Ÿ
@
ğ
%
2
>?
½¾c‚F(_`-aÈbÈ%„…BGH(def
!
6*;@>?6:)"##3;-#E*99*%&&-93"-;$3-#%#4*()"*+)D9-%+.)3"))=-3:&-44)")%3&)%9-30
Ÿ:
l00- C ( g *
A7z
CD0>4TT_]H
h
A7z
CD0>4TT_]H
h
A7z
CD0>4TT_]H
h
A7z
CD0>4TT_]H
h
A7z
CD0>4TT_]H
h
DH6
Ÿƒ
l00Ɵ
,=DA]Y500< #2&"9 k%69%"4 #"2:" $2!$9 k&6&%B4S $9299 &2#:B k%6&%8S $#2": &2&B9 k%6&B"S $"2$9 %28:9 k%6&$8S &:2&: %2%9B

.45HQY500< %2$#9 k%6%:! $2:% %2$88 k%6&&9 $2:% %2$$" k%6%8: #2:B %2&%$ k%6%$ $2#$ %2&:" k%6%%" !2B8 %2998
ß
3QVDE>Y500< %2%8$ k%6%&! %2"! %2%"# k%6%%" %2"" %2%8! k%6%&$ &2&% %2&#" k%6%88 #2&$ %2&$# k%6%## #2$9 %2!$&
ğ
>41Y500< %2%$9 k%6%%" %2$B %2%%: k%6%%! %2%B %2&#& k%6&%! $2$9 %2%$! k%6%%8 %299 %2%!! k%6%& &2&9 %2!B9
‡­
,0<41 :2#:9 &%%2%% B6!B% &%%6%% 96:!# &%%6%% !6#:8 &%%6%% #6""& &%%6%%
77
!—!µä¿DóÐ
!
(Y{Š‹Ã’¾
!
øÑÑøùU*~…†
# ,=QT4>Q41U=4SQTDHGD[DA4GQGá
,=QT4>QSQ10X6
77
w
&
ÃeUklmdGi;uvwx
!
•&
kä¿{ð_ð;—FŸ:Ã
!
ŸƒA7z•~
~Û&køù•Š¿
%2&
;<䖐U*
!
q
Ãs
C
~Û&kŸƒA7zÒqž
!
Õ~Ûø
ù;U*f…†
%
ƟA7z•~~Û&køù
;U*
!
Š¿‡jӅ†<ä
!

& -!C$
û~Û
&kA7zøù;U*~…†
!

-
~Û&kÒ
(!
g!*#
Õ~ÛƟA7zøù;U*jӅ†<
ä
%
Þi‡M
(
Ã
(
ğ;A7z
!
&k;~~Û
iqø‚…†89
%
Úw
&
â
!
•h~ž~[&~Ûí±á
!
ä
¿{ð_ð—FŸ:A7z˜~Û;‘Þy›
~;rs
%
…~ÛyÄ;
-
!µø‡
!
˜š&k
~Û;‘
!C!(!g!*!
Õ~Û!µ&kä¿{
ð_ð;tA7zMіߛÝ‹„;Wt
!
‚
wxiŸ:;AO8qA7z;ÁoÞ³
!
&k;
~Û>?ix…
%
ƟA7z¿˜&k~Û;‘
MދÄ
!
yÄ~Û
-
!µ;ƟA7zhfyM

*
!µ;
!28
…
%
MŸA7zMі˜&k~
Û;‘M’‘
(
h‹Ä
!
•
g
~ÛkŠÓyÄ
!
Ó
*
~ÛkRۑ
!
qyMA7zf
C

"%2$88 ]H$!
yÄf
g

"%2&%$ ]H$%
ßA7
z;rsifäŒ
!
yMDy›•~Ûi,;
g
!
µ
"%2&#" ]H$!
yÄDf~ÛyÄ;
-

"%2%8$
]H$%
ğA7z;÷Dy›•ÃÔ~Û;
(

"%2&#& ]H$!

!
Õ!µ;ğA7ziÄ
!
•
%2%%: ;%2%!! ]H%
ABC?
F(g%„…BG
Úw
$
â
!-!C!(!g!*9
Õ~;[&~
Û
!
q&k§ùŸ:A7zÃ;ß
(
ğ8)Ÿ;
A7z
!
¿ú˜&k~Û;‘Þy›Wtp;r
s
%
A7zÚMÓÄ;!"
!
ßÆ
-@*@(@C
@g!

C!($
Õ~ےU~M
!
ğÆ
-@g@*
@C@(!
)ŸøÆ
-@*@(@g@C%

!
A7z
y,myË;
$
û~Û&køù;U*
!
ßA7
zf
&%&2&h!
ğA7zÆ
#!2"h!
)ŸA7zø
f
&82%h!
Müƺ
!
§ùŸ:A7z•~~
Û&køù;U*
!
ÒßÓğRÓ)Ÿx…‹
Ä
!
‚ºx&k;~~Ûiß
(
ğm)ŸA7
zAO;89
!
y›ÝrÄ;§ö
%
‚¥ÆCÕ
[&~Û
!
&k§ù~FáŸ:;A7z¿v•
ß
@

@
ğ;Wtp
%
ß
(
)Ÿmğ•
""
& ( )
!"
"
7
777
2
C?
½¾c‚F(g%„…BGH3(def
6*;@C?6:)"##3;-#E*99*%&-39&-93"-;$3-#%-%;)3=))%D"#=*")* -%&-44)")%3&)%9-30 93*%&9

gQGTD‡­
E>_
"<=>
?$
$
ß
3QVDE>Y500<
ğ
>41Y500<

MDGQY500<
A7z
CD0>4TT_
"<=>
?$
$
h
A7z
CD0>4TT_
"<=>
?$
$
h
A7z
CD0>4TT_
"<=>
?$
$
h
- &%2:&& 92$&# k%6&8$4 !:2$$ $28"# k%6%!84 $!2"# $2B$9 k%6&!" $"2%9
C "2:!9 #2$#9 k%6%B!A !&2$! $2%:B k%6%"%S $828# $29$& k%6&$: #$2&#
( :2&8# #29!: k%6&&!A !#2!" &2B:! k%6&B$S $!2#% $28#& k%6&$# #$2$#
g "2!:9 $29B$ k%6$&%V #!28# $2#9" k%6&&84S #&2!B $29#9 k%6%B9 ##2:"
* B2!99 !28%$ k%6$&%S !:28: $2$&% k%6&994S $#2#" $28!# k%6&&! $"2B9
DH6 %2%%%77 %2%#"77 %2&$#77
‡­A7zÃY“;»
!
káÆ
#!28#h ;
!:28:h!$"2%9h ;##2:"h
m
$#2#"h ;#&2!Bh%
Òw
$
ÃeUkl;uvâ_ˆy
!
•&k§
ù;
#
ûFáŸ:Ã
!
ßA7z•~~Û&k
øù;U*jÓ"…†<ä
!
ğA7zjӅ†

!
Þ)ŸA7zøújӅ†<ä
%
dGi
;uvwx
!9
Õ~~Û&k;ßA7z
!
…
C!($
Õ~Û&kÑÑøù;U*újӅ†<ä
‡
!

-
~Û&kÒ
*!C!(!g!
Õ~Û&kø
ù
!*
~Û&kÒ
C!(!g#
û~Û&køù
!C!(
~Û&kÒ
g
~Û&køù
!
qA7z;U*¿j
Ӆ†<ä
% 9
Õ~~Û&k;ğA7z
!
s

-
~Û&kÒ
C!(!g!*!
Õ~Û&køù;U
*jӅ†<ä
!
Þqž
!
Õ~Û&k’Wøù;
U*ø¿újӅ†<ä
%
ABA?
F(g%„…BG~Mhi‚k(‹jk
Òw
#
Ã&k§ù~FáŸ:A7z•~
9Ž6Û;ÈÉkåí±â_ˆy
!
æe
-!C!(!g!
*9
Õ!µ&k~ÛÒÄÓM;m"
!% ;&% A>

Ÿ:A7zkᓗŽŸ:tA7z;
#928!h!
!82&"h!$"2""h!#:2:Bh
m
#:2&$h!&% ;$% A>
9
Žk á “
#:2B"h! $828#h! ##2&8h! $B2:Bh
m
$:2"#h!$% ;#% A>
9Žká“
&:2&!h!&"2BBh!
$&2!:h!&:2$:h
m
&:2!!h% % ;#% A>
9ŽŸ:A
7zøm
!
øká“
9
û9ŽŸ:tA7z;
B$2"9h!B%2"Bh!:$2!&h!:"2%8h
m
:92$Bh%
ÚW
âõ
!$%
$A~[&~Ûh~ž¸C&;Ÿ:
!
`
ËZÃkå•
% ;#% A>
;wŽ9:Ã
!
“Ÿ:tA
7z;
:$h

!
Þ
#% ;9% A>
9Ž;Ÿ:A7zY
“»ØÄ
!

&:h%
Òw
#
¢â
!
˜š9Ž6
Û;‘
!
—9Ž§ùŸ:tA7zߐ݋„;§
ö
%
•
% ;#% A>
;9ŽÃ
!
~ÛyÄ;
-
~Û&k
Ÿ:A7zyM
!
~ÛyM;
*
~Û&kzø
!
‚`
ËÆڇ~ÛÄ;&k—_ùŸ:Š£;AO3
ù
!
Þ~ÛyM&kVq&ðùÂydÒÞ[qŸ:
A7ziM
%
Òw
#
ââ_ˆy
!-!C!(!g!*9
Õ~Û&
kŸ:§ùA7zÚMÓÄ;!"
!
•
% ;&% A>
;

!
ßÆ
C@*@g@-@(!
ğÆ
-@*@C@
g@(!
)ŸÆ
-@*@C@(@g#
•
&% ;$% A>
;9
Ž
!
ßÆ
-@*@(@C@g!
ğÆ
g@(@-@C
@*!
)ŸÆ
-@(@C@g@*#
•
$% ;#% A>
;9
Ž
!
ßÆ
-@*@(@C@g!
ğÆ
*@-@g@(
@C!
)ŸÆ
g@-@C@(@*#
•
#% ;!% A>
;9
Ž
!
ßÆ
*@(@g@-@C!
ğÆ
C@g@(@*
@-!
)ŸÆ
(@g@*@-@C#
•
!% ;9% A>
;9
Ž
!
ßÆ
(@*@-@C@g!
ğÆ
*@(@C@g
@-!
)ŸÆ
*@(@-@C@g%
•¨9Žå
!9
û
~;[&~Û
!
q&k§ùŸ:;A7z
!
úy›
˜&k~ۑ‹;x…Wtprs
%
Òw
#
⦨¶E
!9
Õ~[&~Û;&
k
!
q&k§ù~FáŸ:A7z˜9Ž6Þ
uA;rs§ö—®v•¨r;Wtp
%
~ÛyM
myÄ;
-!*$
û~Û&k
!
…
% ;&% A>
9ŽÃŸ
A7zć
&% ;$% A>
9Ž‡
!
qž—9Ž;ß
mY—9Ž;ğm)Ÿ;A7z
!
Mі¿˜
9Ž;6ދ„
% C!g$
û~Û&k
!
qß
(
Ä
Ÿm)Ÿ;A7zMMі˜9Ž;6ދ„
%
(
~Û&k;ßA7z•
&% ;$% A>
9ŽÃy
M
!$% ;#% A>
9Žzø
!#% ;!% A>
9Žy„
!
ğ
m)Ÿ;A7zøMі˜9Ž;6ދ„
%
ABP?
%„…BGyFÈÉ&
53HF(c‚k‘
##„
_~F;Ÿ:A7z
"<$
fVrz
!
&ðú

"H$(
.,
"J$
8&k~Û
"H
Q
$
f®rz
!
[\d
© üî×ï‡~[&~Ûh~ž&kä¿{
ð_ð—FŸ:A7zÒú
(
.,8~Ûx:;Â
)î×
"
ž’Ô
! $%%&#
Œ—Ô
! $%%#$!
ï‡;u
võw
!%
Òw
!
â
!
&kä¿{ð_ð—FŸ
:A7zÒ&ðú
(
.,8&k~Û;’xx:i
f~H
!
Yï‡;—û üî×;’x:…ğ­
ć
%2:
‡
!
qž¿•
%2:

!
›Ûi,
%
:"
7!
#
# ºT”Ô
&
~[&~Ûh~ž¸C&;Ÿ:A7z
2
A?
F(g%„…BG#½¾Mhi‚k‰Š(‹
6*;@A?W)"3-1*.&-93"-;$3-#%#4"##3;-#E*99;)3=))%D"#=9#493*%&9-%&-44)")%39#-..*0)"

_
A>
[&~Û
gQGTDß
3QVDE>Y500<_
" ]H=>
?$
$
ğ
>41Y500<_
" ]H=>
?$
$

MDGQY500<_
" ]H=>
?$
$
‡­
,0<41_
" ]H=>
?$
$
d
l4% ;&%
&% ;$%
$% ;#%
#% ;!%
!% ;9%
- & %B"29:" & !882!%% & $:B2!$# # :9#2!&% #928!
C & 9BB29!B BB%2!:# & %#$2#%" # 8$$2##B !82&"
( 8"92$89 8""28%$ B&!2$8" $ $8"2&#! $"2""
g & &8&28&8 :8#2&"" ::92:%% $ B&%29B! #:2:B
* & !#"2%&9 & %%&2%%$ & &892"B% # 8%#2:%" #:2&$
- $ :%&2:$% 89#28!! "9"2!%B ! $&$2:"# #:2B"
C :!#2$$8 9"$2&8: 8"!2%&# $ %:B2!%8 $828#
( & #!#2$8" 8:828&: 8"828:! $ "%829"% ##2&8
g ""92#9" :B%2"$9 9"&2$9% $ $#"2##$ $B2:B
* & 88$2$!$ !:!2!#& 98B2##% $ "&82%%# $:2"#
- & &9&2&:& #882:%B !!#2&B$ & B8&2&:$ &:2&!
C "!"2B"8 $!$2#!& !$&2!%! & !&&2"$& &"2BB
( B::2:B" #982:"9 !%"2$B8 & "9#2%8: $&2!:
g !892989 #9B2&$: 9!#2"%& & #8:2#B9 &:2$:
* BB#29"$ #B$28%! #9"29!$ & "!#2"&: &:2!!
- &$$2$&! &&:2"%: $$#2!"! !8!2#B8 !2#%
C B28:! &:%2:&8 $%"2":% #B:2$:% 92%:
( &:82!&% &9828B& !%:2#:& "9&2!:$ B2$&
g &8$2":9 &8:2&$: #8%2!8! 8B&2#"" B2$!
* !9:2B"% &!$2$!B $BB28%: B%%2:$8 B29#
- !%29"& 8"29#9 $&&2$%# #&B2#%B $2B9
C #!28!! &%#29B: &:92&9" #$#2#BB !2&$
( #9!2&$% &%92B#9 $$!2$$8 8:!2$:& :2#:
g $82"&# "92B88 &"!2&#: $"82:&: #2"%
* 9%28"$ &:B2##& $9%2$"& !B%2$"9 92&B
2
P?
F(_`-aÈbÈ¥¢%„…BGyÉ&
53HF(c‚k‘l#„
6*;@P?#"").*3-#%;)3=))%3:);-#E*99*%&*()"*+);")*93&-*E)3)"% *()"*+):)-+:3*%&&)%9-30
#4)()"0 "##31.*99-%*()"*+)D9-%+.)3"))
Ÿ:
l00 üî×
lQH5QTTD0G >0VQ1
’x:Â
(055Q14A0Q[DADQG<
V[ >
Ÿƒ
l00Q
%2B"# %% &! %2%%%
Ɵ
,=DA]Y500<
Q
%2BB" ## &! %2%%%

.45HQY500<
Q
%2B!# #% &! %2%%%
ß
3QVDE>Y500<
Q
%2::8 #% &! %2%%%
ğ
>41Y500<
Q
%2":% %8 &! %2%%&

,0<41500<
Q
%2BB! $# &! %2%%%
77
R_—FŸ:A7z
"<$
fVrz
!
&k~Û
"A$
f®rz
!
[\z¢Âî×ï‡~[&~
Ûh~ž&k§ù—FŸ:A7zÒ&k~Ûx:
;Â)î×
!
ï‡;uvõw
9%
Òw
9
â
!
&k
§ù—FŸ:A7zÒ&k~Û;’xx:Mi
~H
!
Yï‡;
#
û üî×;’x:…ßi
ˇ
!
qž¿•
%2B%

!
ºx&k§ùŸ:;A
7z´&k~Û;89iM
%
2
O?
F(g%„…BGyc‚k‘l#„
6*;@O?#"").*3-#%;)3=))%3:)"##3;-#E*99*%&&)%9-30 -%;)3=))%D"#=*")* #493*%&
§ùŸ:
l00 üî×
lQH5QTTD0G >0VQ1
’x:Â
(055Q14V[ >
ß
3QVDE>Y500< "&&29!: "
A
( )?&& #8"2&&" # %2"#% 8 &! %2%%$
ğ
>41Y500< ?
::2:!9 !
A
( )?& 9B!2&%B ! %2B%# : &! %2%%%

MDGQY500< ?
$92!9" 8
A
( )?& ##!2!$" B %2B8% 8 &! %2%%%
B"
& ( )
!"
"
7
!7
ÄuÒ¦¥
&$
&kä¿{ð_ð~FáŸ:;A7
z
!9
Õ~[&~Ûh~ž&k;!"f
&
Ÿƒ
@
Ɵ
@

@
ß
@
ğ
%
q߃mƟƟ
:tA7z;`Ñ
!
Ѿøm“Ÿ:tA7z;
»iM
!9
Õ~Û&k¿j
B%h

%
Ÿ:tA7

$ 9%% ;$% !%:
ù
=>
?$
;œå˜&k~Û;
‘,Ý‹„
!
‚wxiŸ:;AO8qA7z;
ÁoÞ³
!
&k;~Û>?ix…
%
$$ 9
Õ~[&~Ûh~ž&k§ù;ß
(
ğ8)Ÿ;A7z
!
úy›˜&k~Û;‘Þ
>AWtprs;›j
%
&k;~~ÛiÃ
Ÿ
(
ğm)ŸA7zAO;89
!
øy›ÝrÄ
;§ö
%

!9
Õ~~Û;&k
!
q§ù~F
áŸ:;A7z¿v•ÃŸ
@

@
ğ;Wt
p
%
)ŸÆ—FŸ:ÃyÄ;Ÿ:
!
qA7z•
&k§ùŸ:A7zÃY“;»"ë~ÆyË
!

$"2%9h ;##2:"h!
‚wxq•‡AAŸ;£
{áÒ9:͜!
ÐÒ7+7$
!

,&k;Auˆ
"
š‹¤Ô
! $%%#$%
#$
¨nÀº
!
&ðŸ:˜š9:Žz;6Þ
MœÛ‹„
".QETA=GQ5#*&06! $%%!# A=QG] #*&06!
$%%$$%
‘ghÃ
9
Õ~~Ûh~ž&k;Ÿ:
`Ëkå•
% ;#% A>
;wŽ9:Ã
!
“Ÿ:tA7
z;
:$h

%
ޘš9Ž6Û;‘
!
~~Û
&k§ùŸ:A7zMy›Ý‹„;§ö
%
•
¨9Žå
!
qŸ:A7zøúy›˜&k~ۑ
‹x…Wtprs
%
!$
~Â)î×ï‡;uvwx
!
&kä¿{
ð_ð—FŸ:A7zÒ&ðú
(
.,8&k
~Û;’xx:if~H
!
&k§ù—FŸ:A7
zÒ&k~ÛYz¢Âx:
!
q’xx:Mi
~H
!
ºx&kŸ:A7zAO´&ðú
(
.,m
&k~Û;89iM
%
9$
BwYý
!
ih~ž&ðm&k;Ÿ:A7
z
!
¨¬)¾¦§Ìgh
%
‚¬ghdƕ
›;h~ž¸C&
(
gM&í.¯zA&ÃÞß
¸kUV]5
!
qgh;å¡Ä¯Zy8Ó~
F
(
~Žz
(
~~Û
(
~$ÿ
(
~¶öÛ
(
~
ï5;&ðí&k;Ÿ:A7z
!
‚¬gh"
dÆ_5–²kA7zf`
!
Ÿ:A7zfñ
!
؄
Ža|iŸ:A7z¦§;gh
!
Ž‚•çJÞ
­¡­–ifr]5h~ž&kY¦§;Ÿ:A7
zgh
%
‘=;gh_Þß
(
Øc
$%
$Ah~ž[
&~ÛçJ&fr]5f¡­
!
ih~ž&ð;Ÿ
:A7z¦§Ža;UVgh
!
gh塌EF—
]5~~Û&kä¿{ð_ð;Ÿ:A7z
!
MEF&k§ù;Ÿ:A7z
%
Œgh~~Û&
kä¿{ð_ð~FáŸ:A7z;kSW
t
!
gh~~Û&k§ùŸ:A7z•~9
:ŽzÃ;3ùkåo“
%
ڇçJ]5Þß
9
Õ
~;~Û!µ
!
ãû!µÞß
#
ûGY
!
VW
!
‘=¢i]5~!µ&kä¿{ð_ð;Ÿ:
A7zm&ð§ù;Ÿ:A7zcrÂI¦§EF
ä¿D{U
(
eUklmdGi•å;;­k
l
%

!
¢¼Ì ükl
!
¿¶·¦Ÿ:A7zÒ
&k~Ûøù;’xx:
%
‚¬ghå¡
!
Æqƒ
)¾•h~žŸ:A7zghÃØ„í£y8
Ó;
%
8$
‘ghƕ
9
Õ~[&~ÛçJ&å¦
§
!
ڇh~žÆ6Ÿp.Õ
!
ñ•~~Û]5–
qŸ:;AOæŸ3d
!
•[\ÁŸ‚^³&
kä¿{ð_ðŸ:k
!
?‡CÓ5yÄ;)Ÿ
–kø–5®¤
!
‚ü[‘£gh;uvâ=
uA\¬¤U
!
µ•_h;ghÏ_ˆÆ
%
O P + ,
‰#
K6&B:96
Ÿ:gh^
6
¥£¦
!
¹f§‡
6
ÏÀ
&
()yÆÇ
6
žj¡
!
ð¨;
!
©ìB
!
Ô
6&B::6
&?\µ;­
6

&
Mã½
Ñ)NyÆÇ
6
žô,
6$%%86
~$ÿh~ž¸C&A7zuýo“
6
¯ò&)N

!$8"!$ & ##$ ?##96
ž’
!
C3¤
!
seº
!
Ô
6$%%&6
&k~Ûih~žgM&A7u
z8Auˆ;89
6
ÃM&)N)Á
!$&"&$ & !! ?!"6
š‹¤
!
eφ
!
ǪO
!
Ô
6$%%#6

?
þ.Ö2&A7z
(
&5
9:op8qŸ:kåo“gh
6
&()
!#B"8$ & & ?"6
¯s]
!
b.L
!
º
7
&
!
Ô
6$%%96
UMž&;Ÿ:A7z8qkå
Wt;gh
6
?\AB)Á
!&8"&$ & $& ?$!6
ðµ”
6$%%#6
h~ž¸C&A7zmAuˆgh
6
¯ò&)N)Á
!
$#"&$ & #! ?#:6
ÞÒ
6$%%%6
h~ž
(
ù¬Ö2&;Ÿ:ÒA7zgh
6
­TŽ)
Á
!$"!$ & B9 ?B"6
ùŸ¤
!
nj
!
¢
7
®
!
Ô
6&BB:6
OJ-`Ëé&AB:;Ÿ:A
7zgh
6
#mLM))Á
!$B"#$ & $$B ?$#$6
œT
!
žý¯
!
º¦˜
!
Ô
6&B:$6
³M°5ch~ž&A7z;
cr
6
&()
!&:"$$ & &$" ?&#!6
ǐÞ
!
‹
7
U
!
eò>
!
Ô
6&BB"6
jÏ1}ž¸C&Ÿ:A7z;
gh
6
&(ª¼½
!""$ & &" ?&B
Ä¢A
!
ÌlÞ
!
e›U
6$%%!6
ÁÂrsá;5áAB)
&
GHÒt
è
6
()¼Á
!!B"&#$ & &$$8 ?&$##6
kòï
!
Çf¥
!
ž[õ
6&BBB6
é&AB:;Ÿ:A7zgh¦t
6
%:
7!
#
# ºT”Ô
&
~[&~Ûh~ž¸C&;Ÿ:A7z
AB)Á
!&B"$$ & $"% ?$""6
eò>
!
ǐÞ
!
ºU;
!
Ô
6&BBB6
Ÿž¸C&Ÿ:A7z;gh
6
¼
M()
!&""
‘
1$ & "" ?"B6
nŽ=
6&BB#6
~$ÿh~ž&A7z;gh
6
&®bšµ
!
"$$ & "" ?:%6
3
7
6
!
ÌlÞ
!
ǐÞ
!
Ô
6$%%86
<õÿŸ:A7z
(
ŸOmŸO
~Û;kå4Q
6
?\AB)Á
!&""&$ & & ?!6
‘šj
!
ºOL
!
“¢Š
!
Ô
6$%%"6
h~žgM&A7zÒAuˆ;
rsWtÒuýo“
6
&()gh
!$%"#$ & #!! ?#!B6
©MP
!
—p°
6&B:86
h~ž&ÍÓª†A7uzmFks8~
Û>?¿·
6
Ç7AB)Ò5Ç7))Á
!&%"!$ & $B! ?#%&6
Ì
7
Y
!
¢/±
!
n’A
!
Ô
6&BBB6
Uø5c.¯sž&_ðŸ:A
7z;gh
6
ÏÀ&M))Á
!$&"&$ & !! ?!B6
ÌlÞ
!
Mï
6$%%:6
Ÿ:AB)
6
Ç7AB)Á
!#$ " 8 $ & &$&#
?&$&86
º´¤
!
ÌÊï
!
‡²
!
Ô
6$%%:6
~¶öÛh~ž;A7z8Ÿ
:kåo“
6
MÀ&M))Á
!#$"!$ & "& ?"96
º´¤
!
ÌÊï
!
³œ´
!
Ô
6$%%86
h~ž.¯zA&A7z;uý
Òkå
6
¼ÏLM))Á
!$B"9$ & #" ?!#6
Œ
7
—
!
¹
7
Ù
!
ÉÃ5
!
Ô
6$%%#6
.¯Ž³;Šð&Ÿ:A7z;
gh
6
Ç7®bÒ$%)Á
!&$"#$ & #& ?#96
(4GGVQ1DJ!J4A]T0G lC!*=1Q5DGHQ5Jl!#*&06&BB8634\D>E>500VQU<= 0[WQHQ<4?9B96
(4TUQ5CC! J4A]T0G lC6&BB"6e14GUQlQWDQX0[*A010HZ4GV ZT4CE5]QT*(! KD1l *! C4550GYd4[05V d -! #*&0!$%%#6CD0>4TT
U454G4HQV >237-
L&#=& 4GV >237-#02(*2T<4GVT0[VD[Q5QGADQGAQ!!B"$$ & $$! ?$#!6
.QETA=GQ5(!OQ5DV )!#*&06$%%!6<4GV [DGQ5004TT4GV
[DGQ500<>05U=010HZDG 01VYH50X<= SQQA= [05QTU5QADUD<4A=QG] OJ!J4A]T0G lC6$%%$6,=QH10S41SD0HQ0H54U=Z0[50030G0!"$"#$ & #&& ?#$:6
!
!"#$
7
¹º»
"
(
Fmno
)
1pqrstuvwx&yz{|}~
$%&&
$
#
%
&:
ž
!
!y†Ã¥yÆlµ¶·¶|l•ÏÀ¸§
%
Ã¥&)°
1
&()
2
“”²`·
ºi¹ûE
)
!y†Ã¥yÆlµ¶¶·yƸ7
"
¶·“”
$*

!
‚MÆ&yÆ÷ŒzoºÃ¥yÆl
µ¶
%
Ã¥yÆlµ¶Æ¥¦Þï;³»yƧ;y,¶
!
×wÑ¿$ÀÖ¥³»yÆÅ:>t<ä
%
$%%"
$ŒzЩ
!
ãã$©¤¨z
%
!y†Ã¥yÆlµ¶©¶œÆ
$%%"($%%:($%%B
ã$yÆ;âÌ
gèm—¾~J;¶·yÆ78qyÆ_gm’¦¸7
%
©¶C‹®
$%&%
$
B
%c._À
!
â̎ŽÁ
¼
(
Fø~
(
Ž¦©ømÇ°AþÔ$d
!
yCÒ
#%88
ᰇö ;Щӯéy
$!%
ûû¶‹¥
(
_
gmû¸
!
qÃyÆ7¶
&$%
û
(
’¦yÆ_g¶
9%
û
(
¶·yƸ7¶
"%
û
"
ɶ·“”
$8
û
$!
qÃ#
v¶m¶·“”fŒz©y
%
1
&()
2
ÆÃ¥&)°`;)Å#v
!
‰v‡
&B99
$
%
¿$À
!
•)°½Ü!m“a°;Œš>
’á
!
“”²`·ºi¹4>M¦ßnvœ¾
!
«,v+z
!
#v—£z{q¶–™
(
Ã¥(ª#v†‡
©ª†‡!G$«,
!
#v•_`s
(
Šs
(
¥2sòޖ¿³¨ß
% 1
&()
2
ãä
9
$6¤f
̴(fݴ#v
C
Öþœ£¤
!
ãäd$6©f
)
–ÕÃ¥”y)Å#v
*% $%%B
$
1
&()
2
6©f
)
³Ã¥
8%
$89ˆ;#v
*!
ºi¹Þ6©f
)
³Ã¥
8%
$89ˆ;#v¸
*%
Wziºi¹Þ
;w¿
!
MÆi
1
&()
2
d$ÀßnŒšyÆeÝ
(
>?o릚@A&
(
íƉ³~û>t;Àr
!
i&yƸÜM5SÓ1Ámþœ‹%
&: