为了明确有机观光桃园节肢动物群落多样性季节动态,对有机观光桃园节肢动物群落结构及其多样性进行调查和分析。结果表明: 不同季节有机观光桃园节肢动物群落与各亚群落的多样性各不相同。7月份节肢动物群落和植食性亚群落各种多样性指数均明显(P<0.05)高于其他月份。8月份捕食性与寄生性节肢动物亚群落的各种多样性指数均明显(P<0.05)高于其他月份。8月份节肢动物群落的相对稳定性较好(P<0.05)。节肢动物群落不同营养层之间的参数相关性的变化规律较为一致,均表现为显著(P<0.05)相关。因此,加强有机观光桃园前期的综合管理,根据测报并结合往年害虫发生的状况,在害虫优势种发生的初期,采用释放天敌,使用选择性较好的生物制剂,平衡桃园益害比例,或通过整枝修剪、疏果套袋与增施有机肥料来增强树势,降低害虫为害的几率,达到生产无公害果品的目的。
Arthropods were collected from a recreation and organic peach orchard (ROPO) in Suziyu of Pinggu, Beijing from April to October, 2006 to investigate the diversity and seasonal dynamic of arthropod community in the ROPO. All data from ROPO were used to analyze the structure and diversity of arthropod community in the ROPO with Excel and SPSS. There were differences in diversity of arthropod community over seasons and among different subcommunities in each season. Each diversity index of arthropod community and phytophagous subcommunity was significantly higher (P<0.05) in July than that in other months, while each diversity index of predacious and parasitic arthropod subcommunity was significantly higher (P<0.05) in August than that in other months. Relative stability of arthropod community was higher (P<0.05) in August than that in other months. The transformation pattern of parameter correlations between different nourishments of arthropod community was relative uniform, and all the correlations were significant (P<0.05). Based on the above information, the following suggestions were proposed. It is necessary to intensify integrated management and regulation during prophase of ROPO. According to the forecast combined with the information from former years, natural enemies are released and biocontrol agents are used in early stages of dominant pest occurrence in order to balance the proportion between pest and natural enemies. For preventing pests from damage to ROPO, useless branches are pruned and fruits are thinned, and more organic fertilizer is added, and target fruits are protected by covering paper bag in each fruit in order to produce health products.
全 文 :! !"" ! ## g*3 ,"%w*4lgS2\Z3tk?4Q*t{
$ % % &$ # %
& ’ ( )
’()*+,)- ’)./-* ’)+)(-*
/012!"*+02#
3456*
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
$ % % &
\Ip!lg
972 I_6)< 6’o]r?&I_)AiN69 I_ 7%$$%#B$2 6’J_)6’9InNAi)sN69 I_ 7%$$%#B
82 I_)AFJy?D+9 I_ 7%7$%%N
! "# Zi{&\Ip!lg
-#.nVKL*45aZmxV1$f+Cs.^’*Of+GH/Cs.D#*}]rs/$*7]QRbS
:.s$T$*A"lg>ftz*?}~y&r’R,yHb6>s\I98p>,eH*OIf+Zf.(M*
;3s<-+fy?.0.w
$%&| \Ip!lgB
cde#|$%%9 = %& = $%w
+hi0|I_)FG()+hAii09#%97%%7N*I_FG()+hi09#%97%%7N*I_)("J)wilhi0*I_)N"AcD
Vi0*I_)N"_)6’)(6DVi09>?7%%7&%""8N*I_)7FI!!,N8@U{lmi09@AB$%%&%"7#*@AB$%%&%#78!Nw
"z!nZ}guhw
!"#$%&"’( )*+ ,$)&-*). !(*)/"0 -1 2%’3%-4-+ 5-//6*"’( "* )* 7%8)*"0
9$)03 9.)*’)’"-* 1-% ,"83’&$$"*8
CD5E F045GD57*$ >G5E FD5HI5E8 JK04 ’KG105E8 L4D5 CIG8 MI5E ADG1G5E7 ’KG L4D5E147*$
972 "#$ %&’()&*()$ (+ ,#- .#/01(2(3$ 41 53)4/62*6)&2 57724/&*4(1*8#49413 :14;#)<4*$ (+ 53)4/62*6)# 8#49413 7%$$%#B
$2 "#$ %&’()&*()$ (+ :)’&1 53)4/62*6)#9,()*0N(+ =414<*)$ (+ 53)4/62*6)# 7%$$%#B82 >)64* 53#1/$ (+ !41336 ?4<*)4/* 41 8#49413 8#49413 7%7$%%N
2:&’%)0’| -NOKN0P0QR SINI T011ITOIQ HN0U D NITNIDOG05 D5Q 0NED5GT PIDTK 0NTKDNQ9BV@VNG5 ’4WGX4 0H @G5EE4*YIGZG5E HN0U
-PNG1 O0 VTO0[IN*$%%# O0 G5\IROGEDOI OKI QG\INRGOX D5Q RIDR05D1 QX5DUGT 0H DNOKN0P0Q T0UU45GOX G5 OKI BV@V6 -11 QDOD HN0U
BV@V SINI 4RIQ O0 D5D1XWI OKI RON4TO4NI D5Q QG\INRGOX 0H DNOKN0P0Q T0UU45GOX G5 OKI BV@V SGOK *]TI1 D5Q ’@’’6 ,KINI SINI
QGHHINI5TIR G5 QG\INRGOX 0H DNOKN0P0Q T0UU45GOX 0\IN RIDR05R D5Q DU05E QGHHINI5O R4[^T0UU45GOGIR G5 IDTK RIDR056 *DTK QG\INRGOX
G5QI] 0H DNOKN0P0Q T0UU45GOX D5Q PKXO0PKDE04R R4[^T0UU45GOX SDR RGE5GHGTD5O1X KGEKIN ! : %2%"NG5 341X OKD5 OKDO G5 0OKIN
U05OKR*SKG1I IDTK QG\INRGOX G5QI] 0H PNIQDTG04R D5Q PDNDRGOGT DNOKN0P0Q R4[^T0UU45GOX SDR RGE5GHGTD5O1X KGEKIN9! : %2%"NG5
-4E4RO OKD5 OKDO G5 0OKIN U05OKR 6 BI1DOG\I ROD[G1GOX 0H DNOKN0P0Q T0UU45GOX SDR KGEKIN9! : %2%"NG5 -4E4RO OKD5 OKDO G5 0OKIN
U05OKR 6 ,KI OND5RH0NUDOG05 PDOOIN5 0H PDNDUIOIN T0NNI1DOG05R [IOSII5 QGHHINI5O 504NGRKUI5OR 0H DNOKN0P0Q T0UU45GOX SDR NI1DOG\I
45GH0NU*D5Q D11 OKI T0NNI1DOG05R SINI RGE5GHGTD5O9! : %2%"N6 YDRIQ 05 OKI D[0\I G5H0NUDOG05*OKI H0110SG5E R4EEIROG05R SINI
PN0P0RIQ 6 )O GR 5ITIRRDNX O0 G5OI5RGHX G5OIENDOIQ UD5DEIUI5O D5Q NIE41DOG05 Q4NG5E PN0PKDRI 0H BV@V6 -TT0NQG5E O0 OKI H0NITDRO
T0U[G5IQ SGOK OKI G5H0NUDOG05 HN0U H0NUIN XIDNR*5DO4ND1 I5IUGIR DNI NI1IDRIQ D5Q [G0^T05ON01 DEI5OR DNI 4RIQ G5 IDN1X RODEIR 0H
Q0UG5D5O PIRO 0TT4NNI5TI G5 0NQIN O0 [D1D5TI OKI PN0P0NOG05 [IOSII5 PIRO D5Q 5DO4ND1 I5IUGIR 6 _0N PNI\I5OG5E PIROR HN0U QDUDEI
O0 BV@V*4RI1IRR [ND5TKIR DNI PN45IQ D5Q HN4GOR DNI OKG55IQ*D5Q U0NI 0NED5GT HINOG1GWIN GR DQQIQ*D5Q ODNEIO HN4GOR DNI PN0OITOIQ
[X T0\ING5E PDPIN [DE G5 IDTK HN4GO G5 0NQIN O0 PN0Q4TI KID1OK PN0Q4TOR 6
;$( <-%+&| NITNIDOG\I D5Q 0NED5GT PIDTK 0NTKDNQ9BV@VNBDNOKN0P0QBQG\INRGOXBQX5DUGTR
\fs$nV,L.+
\kF\>4$HT\fs$.*kw5qLJs
35q8
\fs$nV,LZy.~jD{wBC.puT
86KL:s9hn\fs$}DBC.y,n
o*Bu)%&\fs$Cs.!Q6?fE8*C
Q,%&s35q8
l4$67.x}6#[b43*\m,w/KL
:s.nV6VLo]*9OI\fs$Cs6?
f.E8wnBCs>6M
n* # !""$%BWeo**!"""B{m‘**!""&Nw
le9 !"#$%&’() *+,-.&NL<,nC*NI_\JG
ZyI\J.AB=xyeD{w;\a}_)6
’.WXCDoqE<’.+U*\Ip!lg.
/@LMB6xX*O{w\Jw=BZvB.[
X<’wt)$pj,hv().?u6VL.K
L*b7{w\Jle.5+fCseb?Aw2
1KL5+f.:sw=\r,\Ip!lg}s
xBM.j,w]5BM!Zl67)._8l
C*.]5q"E.LLono*?@
F\Ip!lgf+nVKL.PAwI_t)Ip!lgw[{b.LM61^*t\4
0-Z4i2wZ2*ahxV_t\Ip!lg
CDa^*n
g@db
/.8}{R]*\fs$.nVs3>HkE(
)G5w
! ~!IYZI^_DE
!"! ~!IYZI78DE
QRI_)AFJXy13.zu-9’"()"*K
’"(!&*+*))&($’*K)),("&*-NuZj\*^ -leL
M $"/ ./!*?/vBZhHovl59*eD &
$*eF ! 0 !1$ /*j,\*O8Z "1$ 0 "1,*lg
w!4J4Tb.\Iy?j,@s<.?&:s
rsKLw>?, !""& $ ’ %Z )" %rs*}]
we, $iD[*AC 2;*c[iQD[\}zb
.le !d*cde’uZPR8Rq 2|J=*m‘
wJ=uZ)RHRxRI ’ |n=*cdek>?
)!|i*c=iQR !& ! 0 2$s9X, )$ 3/N&
]*c )"/>? );*}]Um60a!xV.n
o*5qpaR}^o$%
y‘H&YI/ZHG*q{OPcVg9Prs
1b9z!n**!""$5Nw
!"# QF)q
67x}.abN9%Z9=*UVw%PC
/
7#[b|/* > ! 0- ?70-B@;8A:h8|1 > /* B
?7 )*K8 ) Z$/!B2) > **2! > )B!*K8!Z
6;/CD87~!*! > !2-92- E )NB292 E )N*,8
2) ],ab[M8V}/.#[b*2! _],a
bvB/.#[bB34 >92! E )NB92) E )N*4 34
Eb,QQ*z{678-\{|GH/yq,=B#AtS}] FA73%7oB!5SL6!4bu
v}] -G39 !""2N6 6@669 )HHHNK^SL
9I?%J%?8*)HK)B6;/CD87*)H’HB[J.**!""’B6@66
L73*)HHHNw
! xy6uv
#"! 347{8h69=v‘lg>?xyrsyLc*UV
O ! 347{8h69=v$%&’! ()*+,-).)+- /0 %,.1,/2/3 4/5567).8 %. .1+ /,9%7)4 %73 -)91.-++)79 2+%41 /,41%,3 )7 3)00+,+7. .)5+
i0 LJ ’% IC=# $% M%N &% OA7< ,% OA?N K% IAP# H% 6
1 "1$’2 R "#"&2S "1&H’ R "#"’23S "1KH’ R "#"’)5 )1")! R "#"!&% "1,H" R "#"2&53 "1,’, R "#"’$3 "1&!2 R "#"$!S
2) 21")’ R "#’KHS 21K&H R "#’)’3S &1"&, R "#2!K%5 &1HK& R "#)&!% $1!!, R "#!225 21,&" R "#’2$3S ’1)H’ R "#&K)3
2! !1’H, R "#$2K< 212)$ R "#2"H3S ’12)’ R "#’2!5 $1’2$ R "#))"% ’1’"! R "#)225 21"K" R "#’!2S 21$", R "#$!H3
34 "12,) R "#",!S "1&,& R "#"$&5 "1KHH2 R "#"$)% "1H&’ R "#"2!% "1K"H R "#")K!% "1$"’ R "#"’!!3 "12$K R "#",!%S
! z8C9!58!CD-z#Z $4PA.BhH*qC M<%7 T%?A
l4$67.#[b,wB!Cw"%0Nlel
z4o33D5)EES*w/
2*#[b~!!nSIw;\4]*
w. !$R"% 6 #$ {h9% & ’(’#NX, "%w.Ew
rT )%w*\Ip!lgn^_{*
/#[b~!:{h9% & ’(’#NF, #%ww*%w
N\Ip!lg
nf8R:h8(F*67FH*k(,Rx}(R
bRf+6/$.GH/B{h.$^w2#\Ip
!lg
’(’#NF,Kv%wwe4N\Ip!lgyN}s
.f#*;\6Ltuop!}s.>?*
a’*b7#[b~!{h9% & ’(’#NI, *%w;
\ly.}co4<$^.?{*\Ip!lg
e*
,$.?@&’puv*w4oe4.#[b~!j
,XBF,J4*5zaZFKIKF.?@bH*
89LJZ
!"! 347{8h‘;m69=v<m|6=3
lz %B[el*" %ww/#[b~!E:
SI*]NMZDw\Ip!lg@db
SZv9*t2QN>H\Ip!lg\fs$d
u\R.4EQ#*a:Nn,Cs}!S#R|}
A{{h*Cs?fF|X[,y,.@db/<*
VL.>HeZABw;\nN..]ole.D
5)E*d5RdE6?f}y.@db
lg}$S~9%&’()*(+*,*&-.& -’/0*12/*N*~+
b
%w*@db
/.-2/’/&.&NR[Ydu+9%&’()*(+*,*&-.& -’/0*12/*NR
l37#9;.,82,62,.& -(/,0.<’6*+.&NRlCx9 =42/’0.*
,+’6>’++*NRl0$/s9?62@.* A(/1..N*GH/SZ
{h*M2O #K)%wo+xV\Ip!lg5+
fCs$a.&’*xVJ4.?uKL*\/nb
\nvB.f+GH/rsVL>,*92pB>
A"y|\Ip!lg
b~!{h9% & ’(’#NX,Kv%w*B[LJ*2
Q\Ip!lg@db
+D00?f+6/$D0.T{*kS,*@d
b
‘Ywlw/#[b~!.j,389el*^ $
.k4(8Z|, %w9’(’+! - ’(’!#N. ) %w
9’(’*’ - ’(’!’N. !’ %w9’(’), - ’(’’+N. * %w
9’(’)/ - ’(’!’N. + %w9’(’)/ - ’(’’)N. # %w
9’(’#* - ’(’!!N. "%w9’(’## - ’(’’,N*5 ,%w
(X*"%w(Y*B(@T*,%w@db
)ERD5Df#*w/@dbf+!n#, , %
w*k4(8!nSY*@ ,%wj,d8Sh?n
^45LM*)+UX#f+rT)@?{llg*
k4(8!nSXw
!"# 347{8h=;mIgem69=v<<
u=:5m|6=3
\Ip!lgvB.mdbhqsb
9 :2,,./’++* &’-0’@-(/,0*0*NR& G % +9 %62-4+*’*
B*-2/.,*NRu^%+9 =’.& *C46.).&NRV}UJ’
9%*6*0’/2)’6* &./’/&.&NRYE(9D6.(& @./(0(NRX%
d!)93’0*&46-8(& ,262++*’NR5^A*9 :864&2-*
-84++2,862@*NR"5xY+,93’1*&04 012NR~hY
,9?/4&.& &*.&&’0.*’NR!-,9;.*’6’0.’++* 012N9hw
/mdb./oq)*w‘>?xyrs#[b~
!uv*xyYz /w
’’! & ’ ( ) "#"
O ! 347{8h‘;m69=v<"#$%! &’()*+’,’)+ -. /01,-/0#2-3+ #*,0*-/-4 +3$56-7738’,1 #, ,0) -*2#8’6 #84
+’20,+))’82 /)#60 -*60#*4 ’8 4’..)*)8, ,’7)
i0 !"#$ %% &’() *% +,- .% /01# 2% /03- 4% &05) 6% 7#’) 89% :;" )
!< 9=6>* ? 9)9>>@ 8=926 ? 9)9%>@ 8=.%A ? 9)9>.B; 8=662 ? 9)9A8, 8=4%9 ? 9)9%A,B 8=98% ? 9)9A>.@ 8=>89 ? 9)9.>;@
" 9=*>8 ? 9)9A.@# 9=2*. ? 9)99%%B 9=%26 ? 9)9A*# 9=426 ? 9)9A4, 9=.%% ? 9)9%8; 9=24% ? 9)9A8,B 9=*2> ? 9)9%8;@
#8 >=998 ? 9)886@# A=%9. ? 9)8%A@ >=..A ? 9)8>AB; %=%*> ? 9)964, %=89> ? 9)89A,B A=6A8 ? 9)8A6;@ A=A.8 ? 9)8A.#
#A A=984 ? 9)94>;@ 8=2%4 ? 9)92.@ >=928 ? 9)88AB >=2>% ? 9)8A4, A=%*9 ? 9)944; >=%%8 ? 9)842,B 8=46. ? 9)94%@
$% 9=*4A ? 9)98>;@ 9=%>9 ? 9)9A8@ 9=.26 ? 9)9%>B; 9=6%9 ? 9)9>4, 9=4.. ? 9)9%>,B 9=*A4 ? 9)9%%@ 9=*68 ? 9)9>A;
O 9 347{8h=;mRgem69=v<"#$%9 &’()*+’,’)+ -. /*)4#6’-3+ #84 /#*#+’,’6 #*,0*-/-4 +3$56-7738’,1 #, ,0) -*2#8’6
#84 +’20,+))’82 /)#60 -*60#*4 ’8 4’..)*)8, ,’7)
i0 !"#$ %% &’() *% +,- .% /01# 2% /03- 4% &05) 6% 7#’) 89% :;" )
!< 8=A.* ? 9)9AAB 8=9>> ? 9)98%; 8=*2. ? 9)9%*B 8=%A% ? 9)9A6B 8=42% ? 9)9%A, 8=>2> ? 9)9>2B 8=AA4 ? 9)9*AB;
" 9=>.A ? 9)9A4B; 9=A4* ? 9)9%9@ 9=*6. ? 9)9A4, 9=%98 ? 9)9%>B 9=.>% ? 9)9>A, 9=A4A ? 9)986@ 9=>%2 ? 9)9A2;
& #8 A=..* ? 9)9>6@ %=9.. ? 9)9A%B >=A.% ? 9)9>>; >=.2% ? 9)9A2B %=4>* ? 9)9%9, >=*%A ? 9)9A4B; >=8.4 ? 9)9A>;
#A A=%26 ? 9)9.8;@ A=9A* ? 9)9>A# >=946 ? 9)986B A=268 ? 9)9*>; >=.2> ? 9)9%A, A=%92 ? 9)989@ A=.68 ? 9)9A>;
$% 9=224 ? 9)9>4; 9=4.A ? 9)9A4B; 9=66A ? 9)9>2B 8=>84 ? 9)9A>, 8=%>A ? 9)9*A, 9=49> ? 9)9>2; 9=692 ? 9)9A>B
!< 8=A9A ? 9)9*6B 8=A4A ? 9)92.B 8=%A8 ? 9)928B 8=846 ? 9)9*6B; 8=448 ? 9)9>2, 8=A*6 ? 9)9..B 9=66% ? 9)948;
" 9=>4% ? 9)9*>B; 9=*8A ? 9)9.A,B 9=%%A ? 9)969B 9=%9> ? 9)9%8B 9=.66 ? 9)9A6, 9=*84 ? 9)92*, 9=A*2 ? 9)9.6;
C #8 >=626 ? 9)9..B %=A%> ? 9)9%4B %=29% ? 9)9*%B >=6>. ? 9)9>*B; .=AA. ? 9)9A6, %=8.2 ? 9)9%%B >=A69 ? 9)9*8;
#A A=.A9 ? 9)9*6; A=26* ? 9)9.A; >=964 ? 9)92>B A=*6A ? 9)9%%;@ %=898 ? 9)9AA, A=2%* ? 9)9*8; A=8.2 ? 9)9.A@
$% 9=49* ? 9)9A.; 8=866 ? 9)9%9,B 9=4%> ? 9)9%>; 8=964 ? 9)9A6B 8=A94 ? 9)9AA, 8=A.2 ? 9)9A., 9=6%8 ? 9)9..;
!&|mdb
alLFcI.k|,.?@yM*YZD0.3
u?{h?B{h*t 4%w.#[b~!:Z(
X9& J 9=9*Nw4%wNmdb6qsb
/.laZ;_S:h*6@db
v{/$Cs6>Hf+.)cZ>*M2*O\I
p!lg8*B45f+Cs.3H*O$a$Z.
+CP*}~HI6!"rs/$p4ao>
$HTf+.*kwlmdb
w99=9%A ? 9=998NK %%w99=9>4 ? 9=99>NK 2%w
99=9>* ? 9=99>NK . %w99=9>A ? 9=99ANK 89 %w
99=9>9 ? 9=99>NK * %w99=9A4 ? 9=99ANK 6 %w
99=9A. ? 9=99ANwh@NY*4%w/$.$/!S
#*GH/B{h*t]/3Hh}Q0SSw3 6
%w*;\lgf+/6!Q.OI*mdb/$.
/6!Q,;D‘2wM@*@db
sb
%w99=9.. ? 9=99ANK *%w99=9*4 ? 9=99>NK %%
w99=9*> ? 9=99>NK 6%w99=9*A ? 9=99%NK 2%w
99=9%A ? 9=99ANK 4%w99=9A4 ? 9=998Nw>?xy
z{|.%w;\f+/6K8.>?*qsb/$
./6!Q,;DkF*tBC/<.qsb/$
>?.X8BC*z’2Qqs,~+!+./$
/<6!Q{h>#*@\wqsb/$./6!
Q!nS2*M2j,X.k4!nBXw3 4%
w*w/f+.qsb/$./6!Q!n:",
Rb*qsb/$.GH/B{h*M@*qsb<
l4$T67.w/#[b~!j,3.k4!n
BYw
!:; 347{8h69=v?m=|
6=3
67x}.!nRbb{jA!Zx4l*#
!)hJZ#[b6Rbb!4*#[bXeRb
b5,9LFF@$,1*862*BM0(B*8628N*,\!q.p
i9+,-*862>Nw
<.67.!nRbE8w‘\Ip!lg
jz %89el*;\Q0.>?*\Ip!l
g
E.?@3HN|l %%w)VjI3FgPQb
H*4%w;3(XE9& J 9=9*N*GcW)V]^
qO*3 89 %w.T{u]j),Dw. % %w
898! .# q\$*|\Ip!lg
;4<@]^?X*;3{bE8cW)V]^‘
Yw"# %"$ E.?@3HN|& %w3 ’ %w]^
>?*(%w{hI, ’%w9! ) "#"$N**%w;3
(XE9! ) "#"$N*+%w{hI, *%o ,"%ww
l>?xype*&%wZ ’%w*;\f+/6!
Q.>?*/$./6!Q,|\PQwt3 (%
wQ*j,f+.>(‘X,/$*M@lai (%
w "# %"$ .tE{hI, ’%w*3 *%w*\{h
PQm;3(Xw89LJ ," %w "# %"$ .tE
F, +%w.LM*O +%w}syNQ*j,6L
tu*!Z\R
./$W2g3lgpg*YZ.qv*2BYZ
.sE[#w "% %"& E.?@3HN|l &%w)
VgPQ3H** %w;3(XE9! ) "#"$N*+ %
w{hqO*,"%wW{hgQwOy|leC@
~E8*BC.4<6$^*j,P=$/Zd8.
%&*b7
KL*B>\Ilgs3=>6
+Cs.s3]^*;3\Ilgf+*\fs$
s3>H.0.w
O ! 347{8h69=v?m)5e=3
"#$%! &’(#)*+’ ,)#$*(*)- +#(.’, /0 #1)21/3/4 5/66.7*)- #) )2’ /18#7*5 #74 ,*82),’’*78 3’#52 /152#14 *7 4*00’1’7) )*6’
i0 -./0 &% 1234 $% 567 ’% 89:/ (% 89;7 *% 19<4 +% =/24 ,"% >?. 4
"’ %"( "#"(@ A "4"@+B "#,$’ A "4"&&? "#,(’ A "4"@"C? "#D"* A "4"D@C "#@,* A "4"&,6 "#,D( A "4"@,? "#"*+ A "4"&"B
"# %"$ "#’’+ A "4"@,/ "#*@D A "4"@&B/ ,#$&’ A "4"*D+C "#+&@ A "4",D+B ,#($’ A "4"@@6 ,#D*, A "4"(,? ,#’($ A "4"’@6C
"% %"& "#"+, A "4"D*B "#D,+ A "4"’DC? "#@&( A "4"@+C ,#D*$ A "4"&$6 ,#@@@ A "4"&+6 "#"+’ A "4"&+B "#,+* A "4"*D?
"’ %"(|E90C/3 FG H2/?I/H% E90C/3 FG I:BIJIB96;B"# %"$|=2/?I/H FG :6.936; /:/07 % =2/?I/H FG 2K7.F2K6
‘
bbErs!4bab*xy9,z $wB[el
\Ip!lg
!4b.?@12SZ{b*:zaZhH9! )
"#"$N!4wj28Y*]
$<6/!6@db<6/!Dt9 "# %"$NR/$<
6|%!6@db<6|%!Dt9 "% %"&Np<.
YZD0.#[b6!nRbb45NFN8s
.*eKG5BC.$^p?@
N[\{bs3)9y.w
O ; 347{8h69=v
#) )2’ /18#7*5 #74 ,*82),’’*78 3’#52 /152#14 *7 4*00’1’7) )*6’
i0 -./0
@dbT67 N
mdbT67$
@dbT67 N
qsbT67%
)O N "#’$& D,! "#**, *(! N "#(&, *(! N "#(+, &@! N "#(’& $@!
* "#("" ,$! N "#+*& +(! "#’,& $&! "#’"D @’! "#’’$ D@!
+, N "#("D D@! "#*+’ ,*! N "#*D* (@! "#(@D $&! "#*D$ @D!
+D "#(D@ *’! N "#+,$ D&! "#’+@ +(! N "#(,, "D! "#’*( &+!
," "#(&+ ’D! "#++& (’! "#(’& **! "#(@’ $&! N "#(+* @&!
"’ %"( N "#’+@ D*! "#*&’ &+! "#*&$&(! "#(+& @(! "#*"+ +(!
"# %"$ "#*"$ +&! "#+*+ ’,! N "#*"@ ,"! N "#((+ *$! "#(*’ $*!
"% %"& "#*(* D’! N "#+*D &@! "#*D+ ’,! "#*,D $@! N "#*,, ,D!
!13.K3F2FB ?F009:I.7P2K7.F2K6
@ x.6<.
l
k4*gajI3F*GcMbqO3H*]6[J
.*9D""&N.x.+<{b*xBC.N\Ip!
lgula ,|FswB[LJ*j,\Ip!l
g}Di{59.1WKL:s*b7k4.Z8
D", & ’ ( ) &$"
t21KLBY*tl2j,X.?@3Hpe*]
zaZFKIKF.?@bHBl\Ip!lg@
db
Kv%w*MZ2Q\Ip!lg.d8/
,Hh@db
db6qsb
w
1$f+Cs.&’*Of+GH/Cs.D#?
(K%%0*}]rs/$*7]QRbS:.s$
T$*A"lg>ftz*?}~y&r’R,yH
b6>s\I98p>,eH*OIf+Zf.(
Mw\Ip!lgBC>CXD0.#[bh!n
RbbE.!4buvxy*z{YZ.?@bH
SZ{b*]89r{Gv{]
\Ip!ygN93^y?s
,RXFG93LaRKL!Z_4o$K5Z.F
.rUyg*N9y?s
NNa_)Ua}y’s<8}{CDo\fs$
s3>H.\Z!=wKlCiN96LtuZ+
C*R]s0oygs