In order to reveal the response of four broad-leaved arbors to climate change, we studied relationships between interannual variations of air temperature and various phenophases (i.e., seasonal biological events) of broad-leaved arbors species (Betula platyphylla, Juglans mandshurica, Ulmus pumila and Morus alba) in the Harbin, based on meteorological data from 1951-2008 and phenological data from 1963-2008. Results showed that the air temperature in Harbin had an increasing trend from 1951 to 2008, especially after 1978. The increase of the annual minimum temperature was greater than that of the annual maximum temperature and annual mean temperature. Annual precipitation slightly increased, but not significantly. In the period of 1963-2008, bud burst, beginning of leaf expansion and first flowering of the 4 species all shifted to 5.7 d, 10.2 d and 7.9 d earlier, respectively, and end of leaf-falling was delayed for 7.5 d. The pattern of phenological change was consistent with that of air temperature change. The phenophases earlier or later was mainly subjected to air temperature, especially the mean temperature of the same month and previous month when phenophase began. The phenophase had little correlation with the precipitation. When the mean temperature in March rose up by 1 ℃, Betula platyphylla, Juglans mandshurica, Ulmus pumila and Morus alba buds burst were advanced by 2.2 d, 2.1 d, 0.8 d and 2.3 d, respectively, beginning of their leaf expansion was advanced by 2.2 d, 2.4 d, 2.1 d and 1.7 d, respectively, and the first flowering was advanced by 2.2 d, 0.8 d, 2.2 d and 1.2 d, respectively.
全 文 :!D M ! "" " % & " " "" A , J K L 0Z14a51L 019YL4 01a1ZL4 Y;+(Da;("" a;c]% & " "
~
D
qq
UY.¨2¾
yzg "! % ! M{| % ! }^~ " ! p ! ; T ! ! % #"( \z,JKLæçéæõ,Joa\9 ! õ% "&%T&&( %( \z,JKLæçéy,úøçè5wæçO ! õ% "&&&#"( T( ®¯°±y,ÃÑ ! ÕâÖ "&&D&% 3IJ !! ¯pG ( LMíÎ ( ÃM ( ÕâÖ KL#MN " 0"C("* f#DC("!!!
EFOPQ
"L!!!
ERSN
""&&" ADCC#%&"""" A&"C" A& jkÒ" ! %&"" A&T A""( ²ÛÒ" ! %&"" A&# A%2& HØ ! ,JveÚJKæO
Ù #%&&C&D&&"% & <¶D^»nG
&
W36B726378J M7::72+47-;T03-?3;F4.746&=327<75A >7
M<1:->3M=-25312>=3\74>=3-6>M=12-
)-?0:^
! k^;f^*
! M?< M^-O?<[
"
! 9?^W-?
T
! h;<[K?<[
%
#"(HG,17.?1;023B1;071=>5=71607I.; 4=709 B9.;2 BC5!D1.E.;F "&%T&&( %(:;60.0<01=>5=7160H8=3=FI H;T.7=;?1;02;)
!7=0180.=;$ BC5!D1.E.;F "&&&#"( T(5=7160D=02;.823U27)1; =>M1.3=;FE.2;F !7=T.;81!M27L.; "&&D&%
F.6>4-@>!!1< ;.R-.=;.-c-*+=:-.-X_;
h*.O?< :*R *< ?
;V=:-D X_-G?-X*+X:?V=-R =;( R "&(% R *
R]5:-_*=-.< ;V_:-<;+;[?G*+G:*<[->*XG;
>*X,*?<+JX^Oj-G=-R =;*?.=-,_-.*=^.-$ -X_-G?*+J=:-,-*< =-,_-.*=^.-;V=:-X*,-,;<=: *
_:-<;_:*X-O-[*<]5:-_:-<;_:*X-:*R +?=+-G;..-+*=?;< >?=: =:-_.-G?_?=*=?;<]W:-< =:-,-*< =-,_-.*=^.-?< K*.G: .;X-
^_ OJ" N D10<32 ,320I,9I32 <`F32;6?2;)69<7.82$ Z3?<6,-.-*Rc*
!!
Mö8}LM3PQçèíÎ:Ë#8 #)-~^-+*X1023Y %&&"( K;.-X-=-1023Y %&&#%& P QMsÔVFoçèíÎÓ±dÓ¶W :V & ¶æçðñW½
ùoLMíιº
"#%"%&&& \¿- #)-~^-+*X1023Y %&&"%
"C"""##D
vBf
#W*+d;cXidJ$ "##C % "#T2"
"##C
9z
W?XG;
#I.*R+-J1023Y "###% d "#&""###
9zæPw-
#LO^HLX*O 1023Y %&&"% :7~ñ"·? " óÂ"%
(
\z
õ®
TTr
%-Ã:#6Mz "& · "(" ED(T
I6M·
"(D E(D
#e:-<[10
23Y %&&2%& ÃMã:íÎ\]^67M" ·
)7M"g©
úi7gi & "& b
ûÃMíÎ:æç>ù
;?
@ÃsT"5´úçèê:;<3 ÃM:zkHdPQâX&Ýän?îï Dñ & (~9æçðñW½
@¹ºM:Þ~ç
è Õû:gÓ( #6;;=1023Y %&&T(
Z:,?-+->Xd?1023Y %&&D( ).?,*Gd 1023Y %&&D(
0G:>*.=i1023Y %&&2( k:-+*.R??1023Y$ %&"&(<brF.-J+?<[%&"&( 5;+-R;1023Y %&""%&
@\®-
Ã:67M # Ysb ô±" % "#nÕKL Õ
4á^Òö
TDÃM":¹º¶ß vWG #Z:,?-+->Xd? 1023Y %&&"%& Ò³LGæç , J K L D
M
!
W½
!
YñoLÕNh
"(" N Ò³x±ô ±Í"O· %(T
( YñNh %(% N
Oñ·
D(
#L;<;1023Y %&&C%&
ÃMLMíÎ:ºG¡@ÅN:h
]
"#@KLMíÎ@oÅÆ-¡@Å
|Ú
x¶-íÎw.(
¶-íÎw
.{
&
@/ÆLMíÎdeZ:Æ0ÅC
Å ÆÃ:úL1ÚdúøL1Ú¡@h
L
MíÎ:ºG_ÅÆ
&
b
B~LGEö@ ÿzÅÆÅ ÅÆÃ:M34LMíÎ: ºG?æç
>ãÑb!
æç:ÅÏÐ3 ÃUÅË0Æ & ·¶;Ü·=©L -%~
Eö@4ÌÅ:Ãæç.[
&
I*R-Gd
&
#%&&D%
w
õºo\Ô®-:à MÕíÎ:ºGÓ^ö
2ÿzÔ
®
#
õ®
Dr
õ
%
-ÃMLMíκG
:<´æç
&
³æç
"#""%&&C
ÕâÖ÷Lö¬
9
EßÕâÖ÷ C b:LMíÎ\]d1 2
ìKÕâÖ÷:®¯°±y,ÃÑ\:
# D10<32 ,320I,9I32 %
; y ¦
# <`F32;6
?2;)69<7.82%
£ Û
#Z3?<6,d z
#J=7<6
23L2%
D
UõÝÖ¯pG^æçö
Eß D ó;ZM" # bôB" a¯Í" ô±Í" ¯ ä¦Ì" % :píÎtu
k}ÿzÔ®-
ÃMLMíÎ:ºG12
¶4®÷
"^-ÅBl( àNLMíÎ:úø
¹º¶XFKLµ
&
% AB}a M¬
õZ@ÕâÖ÷{|-®¯°±y ,ÃÑC #"%2rD&S4$DrDSa$ ¿ "D2 ,%$ ÄÑ Í¬K "#C $ &äå "T2 :, % $ ÿzÓŽW Ú:®õÕÐ ÕÐÃÑ $ °}^( {)*+ iQúð:~dR¹ $ ÑC¸ÃUÿz®õ æõ Bõ-Ã3z Ãù "D&& ùU & !$ ABÒ ë4®¯°±y,ÃÑC: ;y¦ £ Ûdz D U\z®õ-ÓÖ:¯pGC,Û U^Mæçö & M¬
ÝÞâã / \zM ¬
ÝÞ 0# ö& $"#$#% :´0#m & LMklbPz:LöRÕâÖ£Lö!ô "#""%&&C hÒLö¬
ðñ & Mkl^ "#2T""#22 "#$T""#$ "#$C""#CC d %&&T"%&&C D ó" D2 :ŬI9 & 4 $"#2T""#22 "#$T""#$ d "#$C""#CC :M9bP / \z÷ÃM¬
Ü 0 # \z KL é æ ç O $ "#2( "#$$*( "#$$O( "#C%( "#C2*("#C2O( "#CC*( "#CCO( "#C#*( "#C#O( "##% %$ %&&T"%&&C :M9bP®¯°±y,à ÑM¬
ÜC & ¨gò2Ò #`^+?*< R*JX% SuÝÞ # å]& $ %&&C% OM¬
sÔ\M"w$:Ò"RÎ^ " A " Ò:op
9 $ x=Ø t
9 #/7m%$ j~M": =Ø & \zLMîï íc"ôÍK "#$C #e:;^ 1023Y$ %&&D%$ Ojy j: C b:Lö9ÄE^ "#"""#$$ d "#$C"%&&C % ón¸ $ ¨g0éÙÚÛÜÝÞ $ EßÕâÖ÷ "#2T""#$$ d "#$C"%&&C :Ó ÔLÕ #@ ,*g % LÕ #@ ,-*< % ÓJLÕ #@ ,?< % 3TDU:íÎ\]d12 ( ¨g0éÙ ÚÛÜÝÞ $ Eß D ó;ZM" # bôB" a¯ Í" ô±Í"d¯ä¦Ì" % :íÎ\]d12 ( ¨g/;EßÞ $ EßN "% A ""2 d C" "" Aè:LÕ5 D UM" :/;;< ( »â¬M95ALÕ:^TÛÜÝX $ `
abLMíÎZÃM":*í & ¨g 0)00 "2(& @/;Eß $ ¨ g 0?[,*_+;="&(& @ÛÜEß5ò×3 & #$ xy-#$ T("! 7 ! "#""%&&C Õ âÖ÷LÕklpc´tEß $ ðñYò " O} & ÕâÖ÷LÕíνîE^ % ó" ! "#"""# ÕâÖ÷:ÓÔLÕ
LÕ
dÓJLÕW íÎ\]Žî
( "#C" %&&C ÕâÖ÷:ÓJLÕdLÕW íÎîïY
ÓÔLÕíÎÅîï
4\Ó JLÕzY &(%"" N#
%
@&(TTD !b&(&"%
LÕzY
&(&C% N # % @&(2T!b &(&&"%
@âû:
T"
ÓJLÕdLÕ
E]Y?
2(
d
%(2 N VÖ
ÕâÖ÷ÓJL
ÕhwÓ(
&
ÕâÖ÷
C
TDU
&T(T ,, ù7 LM¹º
C&(#TDy\@
2"#
Aè
4 ÌAèTDU.[ # ò %%& ÕâÖ÷~TDUíÎ!ÙÖò T& rò T VÖ C
ÕâÖ÷TDUpm÷.
(
ãÑüwÊ<:Nh\]
TDUz "& %C" !! "" " Pá& ! ÿz®õ D UÖ¯pGMLMíÎ:ºG oY T(2# ,, a»âîïÚba & T(%! ¡¢£/B7 ! "#2T"%&&C D U ¯pGMsú"´tEß
ðñÖW
"&
r
!!!
ò
"!"#""%&&C
ÕâÖ÷LÕíÎ
P?[]"!L?.=-,_-.*=^.-G:*<[-?<
h*.O?< V.;,"#" =;%&&C
ò
%!
ÕâÖ÷
"#""%&&C
ATDU
P?[]%!Lc-.*[-,;<=:+J_.-G?_?=*=?;< ?<
h*.O?< V.;,"#" =;%&&C
ò
T!
ÕâÖ÷
"#""%&&C
TDU
P?[]T!L<;,*+J;V*<<^*+_.-G?_?=*=?;< ?<
h*.O?< V.;,"#" =;%&&C
W
"
V&
D U¯pG@ "#2T"%&&C ãÑNü w67M
#
bôB"
a¯Í"
ô±Í"
%
h
·
##Vb&%
)7M
#
ä¦Ì"
%
hÕv
#VQ&%
:íÎ\]
&
îïÚbaðñW½
!
o
ô±Í"»â
!b&(&
îïÚba
(
;y¦;<
M"XjîïD
(
£Ûoä¦Ì"»â
!b&(&
îïÚba
(
zbôB"»â
!b&(&
î
ïÚba
ä¦Ì"»â !b&(&" îïÚba & "#2T"%&&C D
U¯pG:bôB"·
(
a¯Í"·
"&(%
ô±Í" · (#
¯ä¦Ì"Õv (
&
\zLMíõ
"#C ^s
Eß
"#C ·vM":h
ðñÖW
%&
rW
%
VÖ
!
D
U¯pG(~967M"@
"#C"%&&C "#2T""# ½î· ( (~9)7 M"@ "#C"%&&C
"#2T""#$$
½îÕv
&
VÖ
$
ÕâÖ÷MíÎ5LMíÎ:n¸Ú12
.01
&
T(T!
¤`¥BBlX¦
!
rW
T
VÖ
$
£Û
$
4Ì
T
U¯pG:bôBÍ"ù
T$D
A
èALÕ:¹ºîï
$
x
T$D
AèÕhÔ
$T
U
¯pG:bôB"îï·
&
VÖ
$
ÕâÖ÷
D
U¯pG÷"#ù67LÕ:¹º
$
Ã
bôB"·"#67ÕhÔO1
&
ÕâÖ÷
D
U¯pGa¯Í"_"#ù67
T$D
AèLÕ:¹º
$
WU
T$D
AALÕh
Ô
$
a¯Í"îï·
$
2ù 7LÕ:¹ºÅ
½î
&
D
U¯pG:ô±"@
T"2
Aè
$
Eßð
ñW½
$
6758ÌLÕOëÃô±#I:;
Z
&
;y¦
$
4Ì
T
U¯pG:ô±Í"ù
T$D
AèALÕ:¹ºîï
$
x
T$D
Aè:
LÕhÔ
$T
U¯pGÃ:ô±Í"îï·
&
ÕâÖ÷
D
U¯pG:¯ä¦Ì"@
C"
""
A
$
/;Eßðñî}
#
W
T%$
ozä¦Ì"ù
#
AèALÕîﹺ
$
W
#
AèLÕhÔ
$
z¯ä
¦Ì"îïÕ©
&
T(D!
§¨`¥BBlX¦
!
rW
D
V!w
$D
U¯pG\ozÛ:a¯Í"dä¦Ì"E]5
Aèd
C
AèTDUîïV/;
#!b&(&%$
4Ì
Ã:~M"5AèTDUÅîï/;
&
ST
Eß¼^
$D
U¯pGM"sú:#IH³Å
ùTDU:¹º
&
T(!
©ª7«¬®dBl7
!
^?
`
abLMeZ
D
U¯pG67MíÎTC"
, J K L
D$
M
!
7
%$%^_#+!KK`
5
J
qq
UYX
!
,-./%$E:34532@3B3417;78J .47-;T<3-?3;-4.746B=327<75A 12S-4.12847: %^_# >7 !KK`
ÛU
0_-G?-X
M"
):-<;_:*X-
Msú"
8R
7GG^..-
% M"íÎ Z:*<[-;V_:-<;_:*X-8R bôB" I^ R O^.X= ""D A&(&&" & & o(T a¯Í" I-[?<?<[;V+-*V-g_*<X?;< "%T A&("DT &(&$2 A2(2 o(&<brD10<32 ,320I,9I32 ô±Í" P?.X=V+;>-.?<[ "% A&(%T&
&("#& A"&(2 oD(#
¯ä¦Ì"
4
I^ R O^.X= "%2 A&("C% &("DD AC(D o(&
;y¦ a¯Í"
I-[?<<`F32;6?2;)69<7.82
ô±Í"
P?.X=V+;>-.?<[ "D" A&("%T &(&22 A($ o(%
¯ä¦Ì"
4
I^ R O^.X= "&& &(&T% &(&&% "( o( £Û a¯Í" I-[?<?<[;V+-*V-g_*<X?;< "%% A&(%D &("2 A""($ o(C<brZ3?<6,?.32<brô±Í" P?.X=V+;>-.?<[ "& A&("2& &(&22 A$(D o(#
¯ä¦Ì"
4
&(%%2 #(% oT(C bôB" I^ R O^.X= "%T A&(T#
&(T2# A"2( o(C
z a¯Í"
I-[?<J=7<623L2
ô±Í"
P?.X=V+;>-.?<[ "DT A&("2 &("# A( oD(
¯ä¦Ì"
4
$$
&(DC ""(D oT(
!!
"Msú"
!
"
A
"
Ò:
9
( V!
5Msú":ÛÜÝX8È
( $
%
!
^T
(
V9W}M"·
$
9W}M"Õv
&
7GG^..-
( V! 0+;_-;V.-[.-XX?;< -n^*=?;< O-=>--< J-*.X*
!
Z;..-+*=?;< G;-V?G?-<=X( a-[*=?c-c*+^-X?
~ÛU:67M"5
T
AèALÕ
ÛÜEß
ðñÖò D& ò D ÛÜÝXtu: ðñW½
T
AèÕNh
" N
;y¦ £Ûdz:bôB"E]· %(% %("&(C d %(T
a¯Í"E]·
%(% %(D %("
d
"(
ô
±Í"E]·
%(%&(C %(%
d
"(%
&
7
!%^a`+!KK` 5- %^_#+%^aa 5 Y ! ,-./!I3-2B=327<751@-<;1883432@36.3>C332
>=3B3417;%^a` V!KK` -2;%^_# V%^aa
M"
):-<;_:*X-
D10<32
,320I,9I32
;y¦
<`F32;6
?2;)69<7.82
£Û
Z3?<6
,z
J=7<6
23L2
bôB"
I^ R O^.X= "(& A%(% A&(2 A"&(C
a¯Í"
I-[?<;V+-*V-g_*
ô±Í"
P?.X=V+;>-.?<[
A(T %(% A(" A"(%
¯ä¦Ì"
4
M"
"#2T""# · $ W} "#$C"%&&C M" "#2T""#
Õv
& a-[*=?c-
c*+^-X?
M"/G*í
Uö°7
~LGOVo
&
#%&"&%
&EßB*G³Ã
M5LM#ê;<
wB*67MíÎ" #ü·\]
&
ûF&
#%&&C%
æçW½õ%
£Û)7¯íß"z
"&
Õv
D(&
&
²&
#%&&#%
NO«l-M5LÕíÎ:;
<æç
ðñ_W½
£Û5z:67M
·
)7M/Õ© & L:*X & #%&&2% »â. ¿{ÃU+:MæçW½
.¿{Ã
:b9("z
"&
·
%( E(C
& /;? & #%&&C% Ò³ D óÅÆ-Å: D UÛ:MdL MíÎ:/;;<æçvw
@âû
&
D Uïb9("_w?·:\]
»â ~ËÛÜ£ÿæçVo
b9("dÕD½î
:V/;
& L:*X#"###%
@.¿{
T
ó¬
õ
jy? C
±
#C;1?=;1;1?=7=62%
å
#!2)<67281?=62%
ñ
#J23<6)=?160.82%
dk_
{
# QI7.;F2 T<3F27.6%
ô±"&Mkl
Eßðñ W½@âû C& |67M·? C
& 0_*.dX & #%&&&% æç?éz "" UÃ C : ô±
ðñW½rKLMíc
67d87 U:ô± Oñ0ê· & @\¿- :úø<´
@(~9¦¯Úæ¯ Õ©? "T
#)-~^-+*X1023Y %&&"% &
ù&
#%&"& %
fg
a7LL8LYh66
²
"#C%"%&&2
:
¬ÈÜ0Îð89
a/Y1
9
\z"#ð ÿ:MâX£^
wÕÐÀ¯,:
ðûÍ"îï·
ÕЦ¯¯,:£¤ûÍ "îïÕv & ê& #%&&C % æçW½
Yñ=
©÷LÕY
"N =©÷y,:b DC" !! "" " Pá& ! ÿz®õ D UÖ¯pGMLMíÎ:ºG !!! 7 #
Y-(/~2Ã341
!
,-./#$M7443<->172@73881@132>6.3>C332B=327B=-63-2;:72>=3:B34->943
M"
):-<;_:*X-
U
0_-G?-X
"%
A
/-G
"
A
*`<
%
A
P-O
T
A
K*.
D
A
L_.
A
K*J
2
A
`^<
C
A
L^ [
#
A
0-_
"&
A
7G=
""
A
a;c
D10<32 ,320I,9I32 A&(%"C A&(&& &(&2C A&(2TD A&(2#2 A&("2& " " " " " bôB" ;y¦ <`F32;6?2;)69<7.82 A&(%C" A&(&# A&(%CC A&(&&
A&(CT2
A&(%D " " " " "
I^ R O^.X=
£Û
Z3?<6,z
J=7<623L2 A&(D"% A&(&TC A&(%%&
A&(2#D
A&($&$
A&("2 " " " " "
D10<32 ,320I,9I32 A&("#2 A&("#" A&("#T
A&(2
A&($D
A&(%"D A&(%$C " " " "
a¯Í"
I?[?<-g_*
<`F32;6?2;)69<7.82 A&(%C& A&(%&% A&(TCD
A&(%2 A&("
A&(D## $ A&(%TC " " " " £Û Z3?<6,?.32 &(&2$ A&("%D A&(%DT<brA&(D#T $ A&(2&%
&(& A&(%C" " " " " z J=7<623L2 A&(& $ A&(TDD A&($& $ A&(# $ A&(DC$ A&(&C% A&(D " " " " D10<32 ,320I,9I32 A&("$ A&("2% A&(%CC A&(2CT
A&(TD A&(%&2 A&(T&T " " " " ô±Í" ;y¦ <`F32;6?2;)69<7.82 A&("D" A&("DD A&(&# A&(%C A&(%D A&("&2 &(&## " " " " P?.X=V+;>-.?<[ £Û Z3?<6,?.32 A&("T2 A&("%& A&(&D&<brA&(T" A&(C A&(&CT A&(&"C " " " " z J=7<623L2 A&(2T%
A&(%&D A&("TC
A&(#2
A&(2#
A&(%2" A&(T# " " " "
D10<32 ,320I,9I32 " " " " " " " A&(&#T &("% &("T &("&$
¯ä¦Ì"
4
;y¦
<`F32;6?2;)69<7.82 " " " " " " " &(%# &(T"D &(T2 &(%%D
£Û
Z3?<6,z
J=7<623L2 " " " " " " " &(D"%
&(2&"
&(DD2 &(%TD !! "
! !b&(&(
$$
! !b&(&"(
ZÆ
5:-X*,-O-+;>]
7
J$
Y-(£Z~2Ã341
,-./J$M7443<->172@73881@132>6.3>C332B=327B=-63-2;:72>=
M"
):-<;_:*X-
U
0_-G?-X
"%
A
/-G
"
A
*`<
%
A
P-O
T
A
K*.
D
A
L_.
A
K*J
2
A
`^<
C
A
L^[
#
A
0-_
"&
A
7G=
""
A
a;c
D10<32 ,320I,9I32 &("C &(TT% &("CD A&(&C2 A&("2D A&(&2 "! " ! "! "! "! bôB" ;y¦ <`F32;6?2;)69<7.82 A&(T&# &(&2C A&("C A&(T2C A&(&T% A&(%% "! " ! "! "! "!
I^R O^.X=
£Û
Z3?<6,z
J=7<623L2 A&(TC& &(&T% A&(&T A&(%2D A&(DTT A&("& "! " ! "! "! "!
D10<32 ,320I,9I32 A&(%& &(""D A&(%&" A&(T2" A&(&# A&(%$& &("2& " ! "! "! "!
a¯Í"
I?[?<+-*V-g_*
<`F32;6?2;)69<7.82 A&(%%D &("2 A&("TC A&(T"D A&(&T A&(%D% A&("% " ! "! "! "! £Û Z3?<6,?.32 A&(TD" A&("TC A&(%CC A&(T%& &("DT A&(%C &("&" " ! "! "! "!<brz J=7<623L2 A&("2 &(&"2 A&(%%& A&("& A&(TDC
A&(2"%
&(%"# " ! "! "! "! D10<32 ,320I,9I32 A&(%2& &(&D% A&(T"# A&(D& A&(&C A&("## &("TD " ! "! "! "! ô±Í" ;y¦ <`F32;6?2;)69<7.82 A&(&" &("" &(&CD A&("D &("2" A&(&%" &("" " ! "! "! "! P?.X=V+;>-.?<[ £Û Z3?<6,?.32 A&("#T &("%C &(&D2 A&(&T% A&("& A&(&#$ A&(&2$ " ! "! "! "!<brz J=7<623L2 A&(T&" &(%"" &(&# A&(T# A&(" A&(DTT &(&D2 " ! "! "! "!
D10<32 ,320I,9I32 "! "! "! "! "! "! "! &(&%
!
&(%" A&(%C& &("D"
¯ä¦Ì"
4
;y¦
<`F32;6?2;)69<7.82 "! "! "! "! "! "! "! A&(%% ! A&(&"" &(&T A&("2 £Û Z3?<6,?.32 "! "! "! "! "! "! "! A&(%#<br! &("" &(&C &("#%
z
J=7<623L2 "! "! "! "! "! "! "!
! A&("
&(&C &("%C A&("T
÷"·
#(&
a¯Í"· #(2
ô±Í"
·
(D
& ).?,*Gd
&
#%&&#%
æç¼^
ÕzN h " N
x±
#B1726<66177<3202%
:ô±"·
T E
&
³æçOë
D
UÖ¯pGM@LMíÎ
¹ºZ:íÎ\]5·¥æçð/01
&
D
U¯pG:67M·
)7MÕv
>ÅÆÛU:Æ0M"3ÆUÛU:ÅÆM"
íÎ12¡@h
&
UhVdrKÃ:~
ósT"çè:#mÅÆ2 û:
$
4á
ÃLMíκG:ßvÚVd_ ûh:
êÂ0
&
à M 5 L M í Î : ; < ´ â Ý
&
h*..?<[=;<
&
# %&"& %
9z±I°
#!61<)=06
æç
ðñs
Yñ 7LÕHI îïÔ
·±I°b9(Í":·\]Os
úR
&
³æç:
D
U¯pGM"Õ:º
G_ñâãUíÎtu
.
¶Ð0ê
æç
&
÷@WGÃM"¶0Ò:¹º
&
W:?=-
&
#%&&%%
æçW½
@9z®C
rK÷Î
û:÷ÕhÔ
(1÷\9Ã:úi7 -gi? (#
( ).?,*Gd
&
#%&&#%
ìK÷
\9d÷\9
d, 3x±:ͱ".
ð
ñs % x±:ͱ"/h C
%
&
³æç
M¬
õìKÕâÖ÷-
ÕâÖ÷-¡@ ÷ ) @ * ö
.
ÃMùj÷@W
G:¹º
.
5B
Q,-:ÃM¡@
h
.
¶Ðµì¶
&
C"
, J K L
D$
M
!
ò
D!
M"5LÕ:ÛÜEß
P?[]D!6-[.-XX?;< *<*+JX?XO-=>--< _:-<;_:*X-*
#
Õ
TD
¨È
"
zkWG
úÁÿ
úÁv&
%
¹º
~ê ºG:X¡@h #Fs.<-.1023Y %&"&% ÅÆà +¦BÆ0U:ÅÆóÑLMíÎ:ºG_ Åç/Æ #Y?=*XX-1023Y %&&#%&
@ÒÕ¹
ºõÝÃM"(:HN
ST:;4Ì ê:g
GabôaMLMíκGæ
ç:P*Ý
&
C D E F
!
t1
áD
& ]%&"&( B*G³ÃM5LM#ê: ;< ] ÃúøLÜ TD#""% ! "%D A"%C%] 2C" !! "" " Pá& ! ÿz®õ D UÖ¯pGMLMíÎ:ºG ²
³¾
ú ]%&&#( NO«l¹- "C UpGM5L ÕíÎ:;< ] ÃúøLÜ TT#%% ! T"" AT"#]
å]
È01
<6½
& ]%&&C("#C""%&& \z®õ£ÛM íÎ123£^æç ] Lö5çèLÜ %D#% ! %& A%D]
ö
äRÉ ]"##(
\zM¬
ÝÞ
]
õ%
!
KLw&
]
ê
<)é
1
!
í
& ]%&&C( D& =©÷y,67M 5oLMíc:;< ] úøLÝ" %##% ! "D2" A"D2C] ù !
(_y
är] ]%&"&( \z®CLõ-Ð"#ðÿ M":íÎ ] ÃúøLÜ TD#T% ! T"2 AT%#]
\zKLéæçO
]"#2]
\z÷ÃM¬
Ü!
"
|
]
õ
%
!
KLw&
]
\zKLéæçO
]"#*] \z÷ÃM¬
Ü! % | ] õ % ! KLw& ] \zKLéæçO ]"#O]
\z÷ÃM¬
Ü!
T
|
]
õ
%
!
KLw&
]
\zKLéæçO
]"#C%]
\z÷ÃM¬
Ü!
D
|
]
õ
%
!
KLw&
]
\zKLéæçO
]"#C2*]
\z÷ÃM¬
Ü!
|
]
õ
%
!
KLw&
]
\zKLéæçO
]"#C2O]
\z÷ÃM¬
Ü!
2
|
]
õ
%
!
KLw&
]
\zKLéæçO
]"#CC*]
\z÷ÃM¬
Ü!
| ] õ % ! |w& ] \zKLéæçO ]"#CCO] \z÷ÃM¬
Ü! C | ] õ % ! |w& ] \zKLéæçO ]"#C#*] \z÷ÃM¬
Ü! # | ] õ % ! |w& ] \zKLéæçO ]"#C#O] \z÷ÃM¬
Ü! "& | ] õ% ! |w& ] \zKLéæçO ]"##%] \z÷ÃM¬
Ü! "" | ] õ % ! \zKL©ªw& ] ûF
Óeð
t1 ]%&&C("#2%"%&&
õ%-G³Ã)
7M÷ø
]
GgúøLÜ
"##""% ! %T% A%T2] LO^HLX*O K 0)-=-X;< )K 0:-=+-.0 k1023]%&&"(4*.+?-._+*<=
V+;>-.?<[?< X_.?<[ *X* .-X_;
W*X:?<[=;< /Z*.-*]I?;R?c-.X?=J*
L:*X6 L*X*L]%&&2(5:--V-G=X;VG+?,*=-G:*<[-;< =:-_:-<;+;[J ;VX-+-G=-R 4X=;?*< _+*<=$ O?.R *<R V?X: _;_^+*=?;<X]1<=-.<*=?;<*+<br;^`.<*+;VI?;,-=-;.;+;[J "#"% ! " A%2] L:*X6]"###(9;<[H=-.,_:J=;H ;.X-.?-X*<*+JX-X?< 4X=;D%#T% ! ""# A"%T]
L;<;m F*i^?F]%&&C():-<;+;[?G*+R*=*X-.?-X;VG:-..J=.--V+;>-.?<[ ?< FJ;=; *`_*<$ *
I*R-Gd PW$ I;
.-V+-G=G+?,*=-G:*<[-?< W?XG;
%&&&(L[.?GP;.K-=-;.;+ "%"#" 8%% ! 2# AC]
Z:,?-+->Xd?PK$ 5:;,*X6]%&&"(6-X_;
/?;h$ F*=*<;1]%&&C():-<;+;[?G*+=?,?<[X;V+-*VO^RO^.X=>?=: G+?,*=-
G:*<[-?< *`_*<]L[.?G^+=^.*+*
k:-+*.R?R;.,*
>?<=-.-
F.-J+?<[ ]`%&"&(W?<=-.G+?,*=-G:*<[-! *G.?=?G*+V*G=;.V;.=-,_-.*=-
c-[-=*=?;< _-.V;.,*
.:J=:,;V=:-X-*X;
)-~^-+*X` $ P?+-+*1]%&&"():-<;+;[J! .-X_;
0G?-
I;X=;<]L<-.?G*< ;^`.<*+;VI;=*
G:*<[-;< G:-..J=.--X*
.-+*=?;
1<=-.<*=?;<*+`;^.<*+;VI?;,-=-;.;+;[J DD#%% ! C% AC]
5;+-R;K );;.=-.9 )-~*HZ+*.;XK$ 1023]%&""(Z+?,*=-?X*X=.;<[-.
R.?c-.;V=.--*
W*+d;cXidJL]"##C(Z:*<[-X?< _:-<;+;[J;V=:-+;G^X==.--#=L.;.2 ,61<)=2828.2% ?< h^ <[*.J]1<=-.<*=?;<*+`;^.<*+;VI?;,-=-;.;+;[J
D"#D% ! " A"2&]
W:?=-KL$ a-,*;V_:-<;+;[?G*+R?V-.-
e:-<[ $` k-f$ h*;e$ 1023Y%&&2(0_.?<[_:-<;_:*X-X?< .-G-<=
R-G*R-X;c-.-*X=-.< G:?<**
%&(
!
YL¯
"
$C"