以匍匐性地被菊‘雨花落英’为母本,直立型盆栽菊‘奥运含笑’为父本杂交获得F1杂种,调查该F1群体的株高、冠幅和叶片等8个营养性状在2008—2009年2个年度的表型资料,运用单个分离世代的主基因+多基因混合遗传分析方法,对这8个营养性状分别进行遗传分析。结果表明: 8个营养性状在F1群体广泛分离,变异系数为11.54%~ 41.89%; 杂种优势和超亲分离现象普遍存在,除叶宽外,其他7个性状的中亲优势值均达极显著水平。混合遗传分析表明: 菊花株高、叶长和叶宽3个性状符合A-0模型,无主基因控制; 冠幅符合A-2模型,主基因表现为加性,主基因遗传率为78.61%; 株高/冠幅比、叶长/宽比和花颈长度3个性状表现为有2对主基因控制的B-2模型,主基因表现为加性-显性,其遗传率分别为40.33%,45.19%和99.56%; 节间长度符合A-4模型,主基因表现为负向完全显性,主基因遗传率为51.46%。这些主基因的存在将为菊花优良营养性状QTL定位和分子标记辅助育种的深入研究奠定理论基础。
Vegetable traits are a major target of genetic improvement on chrysanthemum (Dendranthema morifolium) cultivars. Heterosis and genetic analysis of vegetative traits such as plant height, plant crown, and leaf type will provide a very important guidance for chrysanthemum breeding program. In this study, genetic analysis was carried out for eight vegetative traits of chrysanthemum based on phenotypic data collected in 2008-2009 from 142 plants of a F1 population derived from the crossing between creeping ground-cover chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Yuhualuoying’ (female parent) and erect potted chrysanthemum ‘Aoyunhanxiao’ (male parent) by using single generation segregation analysis method of major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model. The result indicated that the 8 vegetative traits were widely segregated in F1 population with coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 11.54% to 41.89%. The phenomena of heterosis and extra-parent segregation existed generally in F1 pogeny. Compared with mid-parent value (MPV), the heterosis value of mid-parent (Hm) of the 8 investigated vegetative traits, except leaf width, showed a significant difference (P=0.01). The mixed genetic analysis suggested that plant height, leaf length and width were fitted to A-0 model and no major gene was detected; plant crown was fitted to A-2 model with an additive effect, and the heritability of major gene was 78.61%; the ratio of plant height to crown, the raito of leaf length to width, and length of flower neck accorded with B-2 model with an additive-dominant effect and their major gene heritability was 40.33%, 45.19% and 99.56%, respectively. The inter-node length fitted A- 4 model with a negative complete dominant effect with major gene heritability of 51.46%. Detection of these major genes controlling the vegetative traits would provide a theoretical basis for the further study of QTL analysis and molecular marker assisted breeding program for elite vegetative traits in chrysanthemum.
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