Development of a wetland park is an effective way and the main mode to protect and restore wetland ecological systems. However, there are some management issues caused with the rapid development. To develop orderly and healthy management measures of wetland parks in Beijing, this paper proposed an index system to evaluate the Beijings wetland park management, which consists of 6 kinds such as wetland ecosystem, wetland environment quality, wetland landscape, infrastructure, management and additional scores, with 24 factors. Each factor was given different weight and scoring range, as well as concrete quantitative assessment methods. The evaluation system provided a theory basis for scientific management of Wetland Parks in Beijing. Finally, Cuihu wetland park was used as a case study to be assessed for its management level.
全 文 :!!"
" !
#
#
$ % & &
$
#
%
& ( )
()*+,)- )./-* )+)(-*
/012!"!+02#
345!$ % & &
ÍLMNOPUQd4¸
!
PÕÖ
&
6
×
&
6
6
Ø
&
6
.ÙÚ
&
6
Û
&
6
\ÛÜ
&
6
ÝÞß
$
6
P
6
à
&
"&U
H2&()KLEØKLÝ
6
FG
&%%%9 $U
FGÌÁ&>
6
FG
&%%%$9$
#$%
6
FGØ
#
Ø{Á
#
ÞQ
#
! "7&27666
+,-./
!-666
+01*
!&%%& :"!88"$%&%# :% :%!
¿ÀÁ#
$%&% :%" :&9#
ÂÃÁ#
$%&% :&& :$!&
ÄÅz§
FGÌ(DB/z§
(
FGÌØ:;²³78ùË2SÂKL$¹
) "<%8%!%;%%#8%%%%$ #
23
(
¼,½
)
(¾
¿DBz§
(
Ø:;²³78ùËÂÃÇ$¹
) "$%%;F-<%7-&9$ &
!õÇ1VÉÊUË
&
M+%6G6+*:88688G6+*#,Q6&I&+% 3)&E)`6*$+2P.Z
NB4>?34>5@>
&
6(C@.@[C4>
&
6.@V=@
&
6V4>?M@L=@
&
6NB40j@>GB=>?
&
6.@B=>?>4>
&
6O40B@TC
$
6NB4>?M4>
&
"&2./,-3->-%()B%-2#/$ 8%,%#+"9!:!*66%373/4 &%%%9 $26%373/4 @>/3"3G#26>+%#> ()J#/$,"#G%#/$ *(+%,-+66%373/4 &%%%$9$
:08*."*6<=J=10RS=>K0L4T=K14>H R4IZ @G4> =L=QK@J=T454>H KB=S4@> S0H=K0RI0K=QK4>H I=GK0I=T=K14>H =Q010?@Q41
G5GK=SGUX0T=J=I! KB=I=4I=G0S=S4>4?=S=>K@GGC=GQ4CG=H T@KB KB=I4R@H H=J=10RS=>KU,0H=J=10R 0IH=I154>H B=41KB5
S4>4?=S=>KS=4GCI=G0LT=K14>H R4IZG@> F=@[@>?! KB@GR4R=IRI0R0G=H 4> @>H=WG5GK=SK0=J41C4K=KB=F=@[@>?
GT=K14>H
R4IZ S4>4?=S=>K! TB@QB Q0>G@GKG0L; Z@>HGGCQB 4GT=K14>H =Q0G5GK=S! T=K14>H =>J@I0>S=>KEC41@K5! T=K14>H 14>HGQ4R=!
@>LI4GKICQKCI=! S4>4?=S=>K4>H 4HH@K@0>41GQ0I=G! T@KB $! L4QK0IGU*4QB L4QK0IT4G?@J=> H@L=I=>KT=@?BK4>H GQ0I@>?
I4>?=! 4GT=14GQ0>QI=K=EC4>K@K4K@J=4GG=GGS=>KS=KB0HGU,B==J41C4K@0> G5GK=SRI0J@H=H 4KB=0I5A4G@GL0IGQ@=>K@L@Q
S4>4?=S=>K0LV=K14>H Y4IZG@> F=@[@>?Ud@>415! (C@BC T=K14>H R4IZ T4GCG=H 4G4Q4G=GKCH5K0A=4GG=GG=H L0I@KG
S4>4?=S=>K1=J=1U
;64 <#.286F=@[@>?T=K14>HG# T=K14>H R4IZ# S4>4?=S=>K# 4GG=GGS=>K
66
FGØÌ{FGi9¹º5±#Lò#]
ÜØLqzØ
!
78o°
%
Nr
%
D
%
wØ
!
T
uzçn
%
z
%
x+
%
Ds
%
×d9³zQ¯Ý
!
@78Øcûáz²
"
õÇ1
! $%%;A$&
FG
ØðÒ#zw¶f
%
±ÕèÂ
%
Ýz¸
%
9a{
?Ô
%
:Z[\]¯8[é:;ãä
!
Ìbc
¯8ï:;IJ
%
78:Z[\](74
&
78ùËFGØW¯8ï:;Yó
%
&¾ï
:;Pz
%
sÕFG
%
C
(
¤FG
)
¼o¼~(×Ø
&
Ø{ÁÌ{to,A¹º
!
TØ
^_Vt0
!
TØ:;²³78VM
!
ê4Ø
:;²³ãäÐ$
%
(dصQ$¹
!
u¶,PLú)=f
!
¼o,ÄÑCÚ
!
A
]v%()KL:;gh
!
ÛT£?78
ÞQØ9a
"
õÇ1
!$%%94$&
Ø{Á
CÌØ:;78Ë,éoÝÔÕt(
!
ÌØ780²(÷}~
!
òt!4g
78Ø
%
BÐIJd¹
&
Ø{Áê4Ø:;
²³ãäÐ$
%
(dصQ$¹ã
ä
!
u¶,PLú)=f
!
A]v%()K
L:;gh
"
õÇ1
! $%%9A$&
4Ï:Ø[é
:;ãäë÷
!
Ø{ÁùØ56789
%
78
9®ëýØ78ÞQ0²
&
CØ{
ÁÌÑãØ~4~w78ÞQÃc,z¼0Ù
Ú
!
ÌöÒ§cWØókãoÝÞQÿ
ÔÕ¦,
"
23&>
<
Ø{£
=
e£n{×
!
$%%%$&
Ø{ÁÞQ
!
§Ò
!
W23Ø{Á°T
ý
<
23Ø{ÁÞQ
|
!
ßFGØ
{ÁMño³,¼0Â| ª
{¶
&
"#
$%%#
$áNØ{Á
$%%;
$ÀvN
Ø{Á
!
ò|S#FGÌ4Ø{ÁÏ
Ðè7õ,iÀ÷#
!
F[Øj@Áøè74
w{ÁH
ØÐ$9
!
FGÌè7õØ
{ÁókÏÐ÷#
&
?4rÎÏÐë÷@°Ü
,ÿ
CÞQjkÕÖ
&
FGÌ4Ø{Á[
BgØjLËÀ5Ï
C
!
5tÞQ
!
ÎÏ4
& ( )
!"
"
6
ØtÞ}]¦,yÉö²
!
4ó̪«
!
ño
ãØ{Á³,ÞQ²³s|
&
4¼0Ø
{Á5}
!
ño
.c{ÁÞQüNFÁ
"êÂvÆ
!
{Á5ÎÏØ78
%
Yª
%
(dÓU
&
ÓPW§ÒFGÌ4Ø{Á
ÞQHÎ4ÕÖ
!
G3FGÌ4Ø{Á
%
ÞQ| Tu¼0
Ò`FG
ÌØ9a£Å
!
µFGÌØÏÐÜ`
!
F
GÌ4ØÞQ
Û`åWáNØ
{Á´µ<=
!
T#VFGÌ4Ø{Á(
)ÞQ&]_`
&
?6
ÍLRXOPQd4¸ÓÔ
&2&6
UVW*+XYI-.Z[
6
¨l{|
jt(oê3wx
%
Q^~
%
Û~
"
J÷r
! $%%;#
Â%
! $%%#$&
Ò`è3èÐÁ
2<=KL
!
fl3Rà<={|
!
×Û~
!
Wfl{|~
%
YZ
!
ÛµØ{Á
Ø´µlAÿW]Z¥{|
&
4åÄÑ
!
,;òxo2ê3×.
!
W{|?/
!
¯
áFGÌ4Ø{ÁÞQ
FGÌ4
Ø{ÁÞQ
Ø
IJ¸¹
%
Ø^_
%
ÄÑCÚ
%
ÞQô~
;
wz§
$!
i÷
&
×~
»¹
<=Cq
"
õÇ1
! $%%;4$!
ì~V
&%%
~
!
FGÌ4Ø{ÁÞQ
ò~f.
q
&&
&2$6
UVWLM[
6
FGÌ4Ø{Á
%
H
%
7
éÔ
!
~Ì
&
(
P
(
%28#
%28 lP
(
%2;#%2; lP
(
%&
Ò`{|(Ô
!
~ß,~f
!
ì~f´~V
&%%
~
&
Ø:;²³
)
H
%
ØkíYI
%
7e9kíYI
%
:;
²³pq]
%
ØZé[\]
#
z5d
&
òH
!
Øzvw
7
éÔ
!
~ÌT56²zLË56
Õ~K
!
z¹ä7yØ:;+z
#
T56²
z
%
56ÕLHz~K
!
z¹ä7yØ:;+
z
#
T56²z
%
56ÕLHz~K
!
z¹êä7
yØ:;+z
&
ØkíYI
7
éÔ
!
~
ÌØkíð{Áìkí
#%uT!
ÍØkí
/gg
8 BS
$
#
Økíð{Áìkí
7%\ _
#%\!
ÍØkí/gg
8 BS
$
#
Økíð{Á
ìkí
7%TcLØkíg
8 BS
$
&
7e9k
íYI
7
éÔ
!
~ÌØ7e9kíðØ
kí
#%uT#
Ø7e9kíðØkí
7%_#%\#
Ø7e9kíðØkí
7%Tc
&
:
;²³pq]
7
éÔ
!
~ÌØw4FG
̹º5¼oº»pq]
#
Øw4FG̹
º5¼o,pq]
#
Øw4FG̹º5
pq]Z6
&
ØZé[\]
7
éÔ
!
~Ì
yzºZ¯Þ°©ZéðFGÌyzºZ¯
Þ°©ZìYI/g
&%\!
Lo234LFG
Ì
&
478Zé
#
yzºZ¯Þ°©ZéðF
GÌyzºZ¯Þ°©ZìYIî
7\ _
&%\!
LoFGÌ
$
478Zé
#
yzºZ¯Þ°
©ZéðFGÌyzºZ¯Þ°©ZìY
I
7Tc
&
ØIJ¸¹
)
H
%
ñ,IJ¸¹
%
Ù{IJ¸¹
%
ì
I
J¸¹
!
z5d
&
òH
!
zIJ¸¹
7
éÔ
!
~
Ìîá
OF7878*$%%$
H!wz| uT%
-
wz|
%
*wz| uTc
&
ñ,IJ¸¹
7
éÔ
!
~Ìîá
OF&8*&99#
H
&
4|
%$
4|
%7
4|
&
Ù{IJ¸¹
7
éÔ
!
~
Ìîá
OF7%9#*&99;
H
&
4|
%$
4|
%7
4
|
&
ì
IJ¸¹
7
éÔ
!
~Ìîá
OF
7%9;*$%%8
H
%
w|
%&
w|
%$ _!
w|
&
Ø^_
)
H
%
Ø^_%?]
%
ú)=f
%
ÏMP=
f
%
()=f
#
z5d
&
òH
!
(d=f
7
é
Ô
!
~Ì4Ø7¢()uIJ78æ
dejk¼oZ¾=f
#
4Ø7¢()u
IJ78ædejk¼o,5=f
#
4
Ø7¢()uIJ78ædejk¼oZ
=f
&
Ø^_%?]
7
éÔ
!
~Ì4
0p?
%
jkùØ^_
%
6ºQ9IJ¦
,£R%?
#
4
0p?
%
jkùØ^_
%
6ºQ9IJ¦,YZ%?
#
4
0p?
%
j
kùØ^_
%
6ºQ9IJ¦,ê%?
!
°Üê£
µØ{ÁtÖ^_
&
ú)=f
7
éÔ
!
~
Ì56^_vP^_¥¦]
%
{
%
./
ãZ¾
#
56^_vP^_¥¦]
%
{
%
./ã,5
#
56^_vP^_
¥¦]
%
{
%
./ãZ6
&
ÏMP
=f
7
éÔ
!
~ÌoZ¾ÏMP=f
!
Ï:Ü/ÏM$_Lù(ÏMvZo2
#
o,ÏMP=f
!
Ï:ÜÏM$_LùÏM
vZo2
#
zÏMP=f
&
()=f
7
éÔ
!
~Ì4Ø)
%
:;)
%
:Z)
%
Ø)jkoZ
¾KL=f
#
4Ø)
%
:;)
%
:Z)
%
Ø)j
!#&
6!
#
# T2|
FGáNØ{ÁÞQ
#
4Ø)
%
:;)
%
:Z)
%
Ø)jkKL=fZ
&
ÄÑCÚ
)
H
%
Yói:
%
ÿCÚ
%
ÉÉî]
0¸
#
z5d
&
òH
!
dCÚ
7
éÔ
!
~Ì.F
U¶²³
!
CD()µQ
!
dj¥¦
!
wº]
¥
!
|S
%
|¢
%
|uèPíî
%
()A¹
%
/ú_
!
Ûùòº^_IJÁ%?
#
oU¶²³
!
CD()
µQ
!
djZ[
!
o,wº]
!
|S
%
|¢
%
|uèPíî
%
()A¹
%
/ú_
!
Ûùòº^_
IJÁ%?
#
dj×,
!
zwº]
!
|S
%
|
¢
%
|uÎ4CEêµQ
%
èPêíî
%
ê()A
¹
%
ê/ú_
!
Ûùòº^_IJêÁ%?
Ña
&
Yói:
7
éÔ
!
~Ìo.FYó
i:CÚ
!
o.cYói:A*¢
#
o,Y
ói:CÚ
!
oA_`Yói:A*¢
#
Yói
:CÚ6
!
ñoA_`Yói:A*¢
&
ÿ
CÚ
7
éÔ
!
~ÌT+
%
}½
%
~
%
%
H
´ÿCÚ.F
!
h[ÿä=»
#
o,ÿ
CÚh[ÿä=
#
ÿCÚºJ
!
h[ÿä=
6
&
ÉÉî]
7
éÔ
!
~ÌFGÌ
#
IT
5
#
FGÌ
#
IT6
;
IT5Lo¾Î{;Án
#
F
GÌ
;
IT6Íz¾Î{;Án
&
0¸
7
é
Ô
!
~Ì
0¸:;I7
!
<¸¾C9að£
Ø9akí
$%uT5
#
0¸:;I7
!
<¸¾C9að£Ø9akí
$%\ _7%\#
0¸VÉ1L<¸¾C9að£Ø9ak
í
7%uT&
ÞQ
)
H
7eË
%
üCE
%
Q9®Þ
!
z5d
&
òH
!
ã
ä~9
7
éÔ
!
~Ìãä~9Í()µ
Q
#
oãä~9
!
?êLê()µQ
#
zãä
~9
&
7eË
7
éÔ
!
~ÌèÐ7eË
ÓU
!
ÍØ:;²³ãää9~Ï:
#
èÐ7e
ËÓU
!
ÍØ:;²³ãäÄÓä#RÏ:
#
ÄÓñoèÐ7eËÓU
!
Ø:;²³ãäê
ä#RÏ:
&
üCE
7
éÔ
!
~ÌÞQ
üCEµQ
!
}]5ä~Ó
#
oÞQüC
E
!
5ä}]CEêû
#
ño+ÞQüC
E
&
Q9®Þ
7
éÔ
!
~Ìò«Q9ä
Á2Ëä3RCùFGÌ4Ø{Á78ùÞ
Q
!
Û5m¿ä
#
ò«Q9äÁ2ËäCùF
GÌ4Ø{Á78ùÞQ
!
Û5m,¿ä
#
Q
9®ÞÓUÄÓñoèÐ
&
ô~
)
H
ô~~o
%
z
$
éÔ
&
~ÌfgË9
!
äÿ
VvÉÐÒ95¯`aL¤Uv%ÓU`=
Ø
#
z£?×Ø
&
&276
UVW\]
6
FGÌ4Ø{Á
B A
$
/
3
P
3
6"3A&!$!7! +! $!$!
H
/
3
V
;
w
P
3
V
;
w
V
FGÌ4Ø{Á
`åW¼0FGÌ4Ø{Á¯°<=
!
@~4| B~FGÌ4Ø{Á´µ=f4
!
¼0
~
!
Í×
w
8
)#
~
!
g
8%
~
!
Í×w
;%\!
»
)#
~
!
g
"%
~
!
Í×w
,5
)#
;%
~
!
L×w
;%Tc
!
Z6
)&
=6
MNOPQd4¸(q
FGÌáNØ{ÁfgüA9\
!
AB
kí
"%% BS
$
& $%%#
$
#
%§
C}n V23Ë
ÌØ{Á
&
áNØ{ÁTFGØ9z56
ØÂËbVÅ
!
T56Øy:;V£¤
!
p°(de
%
:;gh
%
:Z[\]78
%
zIJ
78[éãä
&
áNØ{ÁWgôr
C:;
%
nÁÜp56:;²³ùËÌ:;²
³Áµ´µËÌÀ9X¼o¼~(×Ø
&
áNØ{ÁqüA9iC
C
!
/0
®Ýo
ÑFáüA9ÌiÁ&âmHM
!
òÞQq
üA9ÌiÁ&âmHMmf
&
FGÌ4Ø{ÁÞQ
Wá
NØ{Á
¤î
~
"
q
&$ !
áNØ{Á<=4V»
&
Y<
=ª«
!
ùã0ÑaZV£µ
!
¶Ó-FG
Ì4Ø{Á
Y×z<
Zz§ª«
!
Ø:;²³
%
ØIJ¸¹
%
Ø
^_
%
ÄÑCÚ
%
ÞQ
#
z
áNØ{Á
< Z ¯ ~ ~ ð
";\! 8&\! 8&\! 8#
87\!
¶áNØ{Áz
&
4ô~
&
ÉÜT\
4áNØ{ÁèÏÞ
QÜÔHÎ4}~ÕÖ
&
áNØ{ÁfgF
##&
& ( )
!"
"
6
GÌüA9
!
iC:vä=Z¥
!
,=Z/
!
4ÄÑCÚ
C
%
ÞQb
jko,
8§
"
~
&;2#!
~
$ &
?ò4Ø:;²³Hzvwªwu7
4
"#2;%
~
$ %
zIJ¸¹Yªùbc
" ;2&!
~
$
jkoF[ÓU+(ô¥
&
§Ò
!
áNØ
{Ágo#
C
!
4u®
CÞQHo
F[ÓU+(ô¥
&
N
?@
MNOPQd4¸GH(§](
90D?@`6&%E*8"#.6+28"#.6#,3)&E)<6*$+2O.ZG+%6G6+*88688G6+*
~f
V=@?BKGQ0I=
¯~
Q0I=
YI
P4K@0
Øzvw
V=K14>H T4K=II=G0CIQ=G 8 #2;% %2$9
ØkíYI
YI0R0IK@0> 0LT=K14>H 4I=4 # !2#" %2$!
Ø:;²³
V=K14>HG=Q0G5GK=S
7e9kíYI
YI0R0IK@0> 0LQ0>G=IJ4K@0> 4I=4 ! 727" %2&8
:;²³pq]
*Q0G5GK=SI=RI=G=>K4K@0> ! $287 %2
ØZé[\]
V=K14>H GR=Q@=GH@J=IG@K5 ! $2;7 %2&!
D
CAK0K41 $# &92%% %2";
ØIJ¸¹
*>J@I0>S=>K41EC41@K50LT=K14>HG
zIJ¸¹
V4K=IEC41@K5 8 ;2&! %2!$
ñ,IJ¸¹
0@1EC41@K5 ! 727& %2$7
Ù{IJ¸¹
-@IEC41@K5 7 $2;9 %2&9
ì
IJ¸¹
+0@G==>J@I0>S=>KEC41@K5 7 $27; %2&;
D
CAK0K41 &8 &!2#% %28&
(d=f
/41C=0LGQ@=>Q=S@GG@0> ; #2!% %27!
Ø^_%?]
(00IH@>4K@0> 0LT=K14>H 14>HGQ4R= # !2%% %2$#
Ø^_
V=K14>HG14>HGQ4R=
ú)=f
-=GKB=K@QJ41C= 7 $27; %2
ÏMP=f
X@GK0I@Q41QC1KCI41J41C= 7 &28& %2&&
()=f
Q@=>K@L@QJ41C= 7 $2#! %2&;
D
CAK0K41 $% &;2&& %28&
dCÚ
3@GG@0> L4Q@1@K@=G # !2&! %277
Yói:
4L=K54>H B=41KB 7 $2#9 %2$%
ÄÑCÚ
)>LI4GKICQKCI=
ÿCÚ
P=Q=RK@0> L4Q@1@K@=G 7 &2"" %2&!
ÉÉî]
,I4>GR0IK4QQ=GG@A@1@K5 $ &2"" %2&!
0¸
FC@1H@>?S4K=I@41 $ $2!; %2&9
D
CAK0K41 &$2"7 %28#
ÞQ
34>4?=S=>K
ãä~9
dC>QK@0>414I=4 " #2"7 %27#
7eË
(0>G=IJ4K@0> I=GK0I4K@0> # !2$& %2$#
üCE
I`?4>@k4K@0> G=KCR # !2"& %2$9
Q9®Þ
(0SSC>@K5S4>4?=S=>K 7 &289 %2&&
D
CAK0K41 $% &;2#! %287
ô~
-HH@K@0>41R0@>KG %2%%
µD
,0K41 "8288
4
.=J=1
»
O00H
_ ` + ,
õÇ1
!
1V
!
3Ï
!
U$%%;4U
z&ÏÐ{|0²ù<
=KL
U
&()
! !$"!$ 8$ :8"U
õÇ1
!
þ
U
Hª
U$%%;AU
ØËOÑ
y¡
!
ÂùI
~
U
FG
H2
0Ó°PQ
U
õÇ1
!
EØJ
!
T2|
!
U$%%94U
23Ø{Á
CA¹G3
U
&
vwÞQ
! 78"$$ &" :$%U
õÇ1
!
T2|
!
Q
6
Ð
!
U$%%9AU
23Ø{ÁÞQ
F
G&/))! 7&"#$ &%" :&&$U
23&>
<
Ø{£
=
e£n{×
U$%%%U
Ø{£e£{O
U
F
G
H2&°PQ
U
J÷r
!
QcP
!
àcV
U$%%;U
LªØ:;Yó<={|0²K
L
U
&()
! !$"#$ &$" :&7$U
Â
6
%
!
àá2
U$%%#U
Øãä<=»48¢
u"
U
&()
! !&"!$ & :;U
!
/012
6
345
"
;#&