免费文献传递   相关文献

Distribution Pattern of Growth Strain of Poplar 107 Clone Tree (Populus ×euramericana cv. Neva)

欧美杨 107 杨立木生长应变分布规律


摘 要:选取欧美杨107杨为研究材料,通过对正常生长欧美杨107杨立木表面轴向生长应变和伐倒木内部残余轴向生长应变的测定,分析表面生长应变和内部残余生长应变的分布规律。结果表明:正常木表面轴向生长应变的变化幅度范围为:-853.10~-213.43 με。Z2和Z5在周向上表面轴向生长应变的变化幅度较大,而Z1,Z3,Z4变化幅度相对较小;在不同树干高度研究中,表面轴向生长应变在树干基部向上与整体树干高度10%位置之间,生长压应变(即生长拉应力)随着树高增加逐渐增大,随后数值开始下降;双因素方差分析表明,不同单株和不同周向位置对表面轴向生长应变影响不显著,但不同高度对生长应变影响显著;欧美杨107杨正常木内部残余轴向生长应变变化幅度范围-1 279.00~960.20 με,其径向变异模式为在树干外围表现为轴向压应变(即拉应力),由树皮向里,在中心板南侧第5或6年轮和中心板北侧第4或5年轮处,轴向压应变转换为拉应变(即压应力),随后Z2和Z5在中心板南向第3年轮处出现拉应变最大值,而Z3则在中心板北向第3年轮处出现拉应变最大值,各单株在内部残余轴向生长应变径向变异的整体趋势图如开口向下的抛物线,其顶点在髓心处,其二次曲线回归方程为 Y(生长应变值)=815.02 X2(测试点序号)-69.345 X-1 902.403,R2=0.775。

Abstract: The well distributed and planted poplar clone 107 was selected as studying materials in this study. Surface longitudinal growth strain and inner residual longitudinal growth strain were determined. Both variation patterns of the surface strain and the inner strain were deduced. The result indicated that varied scope of the surface strain was-853.10~-213.43 με, and changing range of the surface strain among different periphery positions was relative narrower at tree Z1, Z3 and Z4, however, larger one was found at tree Z2, and Z5. When it came to variation along tree height, the surface strain increased from basement to upward as compression strain, namely tension stress, and reach the maximum at 10% of total height of tree, and then changed into decreasing. Result of double factor AVONA suggested that there were no significant effect was found both by different trees and different periphery positions on the surface strain, conversely, apparent effect of different heights on the surface strain was detected. Varied scope of the inner strain was -1 279.00~-960.20 με. Radial variation pattern was that the inner longitudinal compression strain (tensile stress) was decreasing from the bark to inside, and turned into tension strain (compressive stress) at the fifth or sixth growth ring at north part of center board and fourth or fifth growth ring at south part of the board. The maximum of tension strain of Z2 and Z5 tree located at the third growth ring of south part of the board, and Z3 tree at the same growth ring of north part of the board. General radial variation trend curve of the inner strain was similar to a parabola with a downward opening, and the maximum value located at pith. Quadratic regression equation of the inner growth strain to number of growth years was Y(innergrowth strain)=815.02 X2(number of growth ring)-69.345 X-1 902.403, R2=0.775.


全 文 :! !"" ! ##
$ % % &$ # %
& ’ ( )
’()*+,)- ’)./-* ’)+)(-*
/012!"*+02#
3456*
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
$ % % &
?4c #%7c_1D<4Q6\C$"
$ I 1ij 1 k lmn 1op qrO
7K#8’;)&)Q&&)G g4 $8%%89H
! "# j:?4c #%7c’PQ@D*LSa3LDmtD<4Q0vp*67~pD<4QjL‘d*D<4Q06\C$\WS~M=3L1~pmtD<4Q
0Q+J^=>’=: ;"82#% < : $#82!8!"\=$j ="l&t9~pmtD<4Q0Q+J^\;*] =#*=8*=!Q
+J^,a\0>l’(Xc.^PQ8*~pmtD<4QlXc+‘t9QPZXc.^ #%>n&T3*D<
#4Q7qD78?o$67~M*’(5Qj’(&tn
&a~pmtD<4QHI’+{*-’(.^aD<4QHI+{>?4c #%7c3L1L‘d*mtD<4
QQ+J^=> : # $7&2%% < &9%2$%!"*U?tQk}6’lXcM>~j’mt#4Q7qH4FH*KX‘t6*
l8sP9/! "w 9$dj8sP&/! !w "$d{*mt#4Qst’H4Q7q#4FH*V| =$j ="l
8sP9t! 8$d{zjH4Q/;-*] =8Wl8sP&t! 8$d{zjH4Q/;-*|5QlL‘d
*mtD<4Q?tQk0PZWo#\nxtz0=Tw*UJHl>s{*U"r?w[ToT’ !7D<4
Q-H? ;#"2%$ "$7vtHb%H: 9&28!" " : # &%$2!%8*#$ ? %277""""$%&= ?4c #%7c>D<4Q>6\C$
’()*+#’7#;2$ ,-./0#- ,12+##%%# : 7!;;3$%%&4%# : %##; : %7
>?@#=$%%; : %; : $$+ABC=hCK<‘a()+ABC7@A!#"" : #HjK>‘a()+ABC78%97#9!#H":=0’LMNO!"#$%"&’$"() *+$$,%) (- .%(/$0 1$%+") (- *(23+% 456 73(), 8%,,
7!"#$%$& 9 ’$()*’(+,)-) :;< =,;+H
=B0C .D45E .DC ’BF5EGC45 .DC HD45 I4D J0KFD .DC L4MFD ’B40 =BC0ND5E
7$%&’’( ’) *’+,-.+/ 012 3012-%04, 5+%&6.,%.7+,*51&76 58+6%7(.7+0( 916:,+-6./ ;,),6 $8%%89H
>&#$%+:$= ,BF OF11 PDQRSDTCRFP 45P N145RFP N0N14S U105F #%7 O4Q QF1FURFP 4Q QRCPVD5E M4RFSD41Q D5 RBDQ QRCPV 6 ’CSK4UF
105EDRCPD541 ES0ORB QRS4D5 45P D55FS SFQDPC41 105EDRCPD541 ES0ORB QRS4D5 OFSF PFRFSMD5FP6 I0RB W4SD4RD05 N4RRFS5Q 0K RBF QCSK4UF
QRS4D5 45P RBF D55FS QRS4D5 OFSF PFPCUFP6 ,BF SFQC1R D5PDU4RFP RB4R W4SDFP QU0NF 0K RBF QCSK4UF QRS4D5 O4Q : ;"82#% <
: $#82!8!"*45P UB45ED5E S45EF 0K RBF QCSK4UF QRS4D5 4M05E PDKKFSF5R NFSDNBFSV N0QDRD05Q O4Q SF14RDWF 54SS0OFS 4R RSFF =#*=8
45P =!*B0OFWFS*14SEFS 05F O4Q K0C5P 4R RSFF =$*45P ="2 XBF5 DR U4MF R0 W4SD4RD05 4105E RSFF BFDEBR*RBF QCSK4UF QRS4D5
D5USF4QFP KS0M T4QFMF5R R0 CNO4SP 4Q U0MNSFQQD05 QRS4D5*54MF1V RF5QD05 QRSFQQ*45P SF4UB RBF M4YDMCM 4R #%> 0K R0R41 BFDEBR
0K RSFF*45P RBF5 UB45EFP D5R0 PFUSF4QD5E 6 ZFQC1R 0K P0CT1F K4UR0S -/[+- QCEEFQRFP RB4R RBFSF OFSF 50 QDE5DKDU45R FKKFUR O4Q
K0C5P T0RB TV PDKKFSF5R RSFFQ 45P PDKKFSF5R NFSDNBFSV N0QDRD05Q 05 RBF QCSK4UF QRS4D5*U05WFSQF1V*4NN4SF5R FKKFUR 0K PDKKFSF5R
BFDEBRQ 05 RBF QCSK4UF QRS4D5 O4Q PFRFURFP6 /4SDFP QU0NF 0K RBF D55FS QRS4D5 O4Q : # $7&2%% < : &9%2$%!"6 Z4PD41 W4SD4RD05
N4RRFS5 O4Q RB4R RBF D55FS 105EDRCPD541 U0MNSFQQD05 QRS4D57RF5QD1F QRSFQQHO4Q PFUSF4QD5E KS0M RBF T4S\ R0 D5QDPF*45P RCS5FP D5R0
RF5QD05 QRS4D57U0MNSFQQDWF QRSFQQH4R RBF KDKRB 0S QDYRB ES0ORB SD5E 4R 50SRB N4SR 0K UF5RFS T04SP 45P K0CSRB 0S KDKRB ES0ORB SD5E 4R
Q0CRB N4SR 0K RBF T04SP6 ,BF M4YDMCM 0K RF5QD05 QRS4D5 0K =$ 45P =" RSFF 10U4RFP 4R RBF RBDSP ES0ORB SD5E 0K Q0CRB N4SR 0K RBF
T04SP*45P =8 RSFF 4R RBF Q4MF ES0ORB SD5E 0K 50SRB N4SR 0K RBF T04SP6 ]F5FS41 S4PD41 W4SD4RD05 RSF5P UCSWF 0K RBF D55FS QRS4D5 O4Q
QDMD14S R0 4 N4S4T014 ODRB 4 P0O5O4SP 0NF5D5E*45P RBF M4YDMCM W41CF 10U4RFP 4R NDRB 6 HC4PS4RDU SFESFQQD05 FGC4RD05 0K RBF
D55FS ES0ORB QRS4D5 R0 5CMTFS 0K ES0ORB VF4SQ O4Q !7D55FS ES0ORB QRS4D5H? ;#"2%$ "$75CMTFS 0K ES0ORB SD5EH: 9&28!" " :
# &%$2!%8*#$ ? %277"""" 6
?,@ /(%A#= N0N14S U105F #%7>ES0ORB QRS4D5>PDQRSDTCRD05 N4RRFS5
X1lDXR{pn^0D<*#"lXccXRL‘QD{
|4Fr’u1|/;0DD8?c7F*1|X1L‘4F
gAPlX18;0j6\o6**+‘JKMF-xF.YI‘ODp’D<4F7!"#$%& ’%"(’’H7)"*&("*+,-.>/&01(*
+,2,H\.D<4FjD<4F6\’][C*R
SmDdQ&X18kl0{n\’B~0tS@
vl|\lzOj7s|K,d*4F0GAR
/*u‘1;cD-x7(345’678%%83!H*P@Wzjn
x7*&(*983!HcB07*:6683!Hml?7%$8’%83!Hd’w
.g0l|*NG)Vy7@0z@Zj.9t-
%10tS@v7;#<4*+,=>>?83$##48(*+,..>
@0(!783*+,-2>A03! !" #$ B*C>>+H\a,3LD<
0X1*XcM>mt~pD<4FLL’H4F
7%(3’87( ’%"(’’H*?t~pD<4F~j’#4F
7*#D6"(’’8E( ’%"(’’H*?t~pD<4Fr2’nD<4FlXcL‘C$32T|*’%lXc~
p0R4F7p’X1~p4FH6\*-V0Ry
7X‘I>s?t04F6\47p’X1L‘d
*4FH7)"*&("* +,-.> F#:"38(" !" #$ B* +,,>>
G8*’#3*+,2H>I0&<:48 !" #$ B*+,,,H\Ox[~
pD<4F0;0j6\e[L‘d*D<4F0
;0j6\lQ&10D<0X1j\sD<0X1T304F;0j6T3klA;0$k7)"*&("*+,-.>/&01(*+,2,HcX[rPS’0_"‘@D\l=l+WX-zz3L
D<0RS&cXw;0R{pT^0D<4F*
1|4F0S^/8NGHIycX1@0tS@
v*AcXV@j5P4hBrNG<{7J9:<0D0
!" #$ B*+,,>>o<-*C>>2H\?4c +>2 c
7%&’($() K !(*#+!*,-#.# *EB G(E0H[K>e@_h(
:Oie?4c2gP@m2‘@At|jEhpn
O7 +2nK>:*0 HH+nOb[8jz0 . n
At|T{\M!Oc0LajYc@J)cK1f
FGc0Bc0ydkReb*C*l#:cK#cn
&c9zc#Ncn9d@K’WS*-x3F{Kl .L2y &DC ?4c +>2cRS&7ZAXd*
C>>HH\W[!?4c +>2c’PQ@D*H.U_
1~pmtD<4QjO<1L‘d*mtD<4
Q06\C$*!#’y.RS&cX1@tSf
Zyugw0()vw+ @DQo4
!"! tCqr
t@q/yn,n9@BUu;*0&4*]
&4n,^nx/*’^ny3R‘*MT_~’M
=T*\|8*6M-’ 2L- HI\3E0C0w*
+&yhB*wj =Q$D?4c +>2 cR]1*vr!%’ N+*NC*NH*
NO*N=*v,vp_1mtD<4Q\g1D\~ +bi\79o =QR]18wjz HQ7NC*
NH*N=H*O<|7Xc+‘n[cR{V O D<1
x*,[%$s*+d*D<4QPQF ! QR)w/[)wHOF
#$%&! ’()*+, -)./0+0).1 )2 1$3450.6 .)(3$5 6()*+, +(771
g1!%
G#B #1 ’0D6783! %"((
X.
P"(( &(8!&%QD
9?
?;MQ*D
y?
;0’( 480D(%("Q*D
9&SJ
R*#6( #1 *"#$3 1"#D
3#"%& %# ’#:%&QD
:NSJ
R*#6( #1 *"#$3 1"#D
(0’% %# $(’%QD
N+ +-LH C.LH HOLH =LH OL2
NC +2LH COLC H+L+ OL- =LC
NH +2L= C-L= H=LH =L. =L2
NO +.L- COLC H+LC HL. OL>
N= +2LO C.LC HHL2 OL2 =L,
vtHn&j[\# +bi*l_1/)z*a
N+*NC*NH*NO>j[y +L= D{*+_1~pmt
D<4Q0vp*]a N=*+y >L=*+L=jCL= D H
n’(.^0vp\l HQO<17NC*NH*N=HO D
<1x80 +L+= S +LO= D{*+L‘d*mtD
<4Q0vp!"8 tz{|
+LCL+ k\l$mn3?1/gNno Xc~
pjL‘0D<4FA~vt$0o4*+vt*
b!{mqvvpU~‘4FOPb0R04Q*
pT’D<4Q*a|U@v4FQ4QT300
)i[%6!T !U /Tl"T7/T [1@mtDb}
(*"T [mtD<4Q*!T mtD<4FHrF-U
D<4F-;07)"*&("*+,-.H\C**)O^vt
D<4Q0o4lO H |=G8*’#3 47G8*’#3*
+,2+>A03! !" #$ B*C>>+H*4KmtD<4QV4
7cz /VW)?5F#"X% 4H7/708" !" #$ B*C>>H>A03! !"
#$ B*C>>+Hj4QB47A03! !" #$ B*C>>+>A#’&840 !"
#$ B*C>>>H\WPQ8_"qv4QB4vpD<
4Q\K,D<4QBvp0[4QB0Q*U0
-A0*b!lqv4QB4vp0D<4Q~o
FL:vf4Q7!"Hr*+~o4Q;0*U8O
,++! +# & (d=?4c +>2c_1D<4Q6\C$
!"!!"#" !4Q $ %&
’\pM*lWPQ8Kam
tDb}(*+PQ*-[K,4QQ4FT3k
lwbi[*b!W[8aq!D<4Q00-;
0Q+r;MD<4F0;0Q+# % t@D6o4i##
()*+ % ,-./")- "01 23 4)567)896)2: 23 50"1;):* <224
ljp0vtn&9*qljp0vtXc.
^n&9*!3:ot’pH*qXcM>&<*+
=d6*|.I > nd6H*l!3:ot’sH*
IFoa’nd6H*+!%q7 &?%H73:tH
IFo4s‘ @%A?%H7:&tH*W &?*BA?*C&?*
%@A?*%>&?*DDA?*D=&?*@%A?n&61a4:tc:9
tc9tcN9tcNtcN&tc&tc:&t\1 >
nd6Hq’].^n&90vtH\LSS!l
_1~p2LX‘j0R5*.Icz0rD1J
‘*V|qv4QB4*+D<4Q0vp7E0:*
!" #$ +*D&&%>E25.)40 !" #$ +*D&&&H%FDFD op\]Wqrmn3?1/gNno
vpo4j‘wQ_1~pmtD<4Qvp,
(\vp@D’ @QO<17GD*G@*GAHB "<1x
0 %F%A H %FBA "{\’u|-1@/)O<0_
‘z*l]{VRc^’ B -"c<^’ B& -"ck^
’1xa?09&t8sP*@vS!(2U*1
@*-q~pY|*zwcz\vESl8sP9’
n$d08sn&*+Y7*K,! % $dj! D
$d\4*b!qUTW{n$d/?*-lU8s
n&*q>s{*+Y7\79t&vr! % H %%
0$abESY70n&*+!%*1mY60H
q’L‘d*D<4Q0vtH\lvtHn&C
$dR+F#4QB*V|qv4QB4*+d*
D<4Qvp7I90:* !" #$ +*D&&%H%FDF@ ^_h-no qv ,J,,=pa0w*+
f8?o$67D WSQ67
!"# QR[S[FTUy)wd%V\a)b
qv4QB4a|vtH0_1~pmtD<
4Q0vpWS\~ DbiF ! QR)wS[FTUy)wd%^
$%&’! ()*+%,- ./0123)420%. 1*/536 73*%20 8%.)- /+ 0/*9%. 1*/536 73%04201 3*-- !"
g1%
K2+ 23 50"1;):* 67//
X.
I/)*.6#" &? BA? C&? %@A? %>&? DDA? D=&? @%A?
G% %FA L B>%F&’ L A=%FB& L B==F’B L BC=F&C L A%’F&& L @D>F>= L D=’F’= L DC@FA&
GD %FA L @BBFDC L @&=FAB L @&&F>> L D’%FCB L BDCFA& L >D@FB@ L ’AAF’> L B>CF’B
G@ %FA L B>=FA& L ADBFB& L @=AF=A L @>@F>D L DB=FB% L DC>FA& L B@&FC& L @=%F’=
GB %FA L BAAF%B L @%=FCD L BB’FC& L @B’F&& L DCBF=% L B’DFA& L A=@FB& L @BBFAA
GA &FA L @’BF@@ L D’%FDB L @DCF&% L @=DF=’ L D>=F@D L B%DF@C L B=AF’’ L >B’FB&
GA %FA L >A@F%& L BCAFAB L @>>FBB L BC>F=B L BACFC% L A=>FB@ L ’=%F&A L ’%>FC
GA DFA L BAAF@B L BD%F&& L B%DFDA L A@>F&& L D%@FBD L @CCF=B L BCCF&C L B@@FBB
K~ D+!M+gz*AQ?4c %&=c3L1
~pmtD<4Q0Q+J^=>’=L >A@F%& H
L D%@FB@!"\QUcX|,[*W[PQ0?4c
%&=c_1~pmtD<4Q0-B~0,:_6
d7D&&AHqv_*o4vp0JwR7 %&’#$()"&*
&+,)-($$# $ % + .+#/01*H04Q0-\({.^’(
5Qj({5Q’(.^0D<4Ql’(&tn
&0Q+}6\# Dbi&D% & ’ ( ) BA"
# ! ({. 7^"#$ %H’(5Q7H#Hj({5Q7&$H’(. 7^I#H0
_1~pmtD<4Ql&t’(n&0Q+}6
’()* ! +,-(,.(/0 12-34 /5 62-5,14 7/0)(.28(0,7 )-/9.: 6.-,(0 ,. 8(554-40. ;4-(;:4-< 7/1,.(/0 ,%/0)
8(554-40. .-446 ,. 6,%4 :4():.7"#$ %*745. %,;H,08 8(554-40. :4():.6 /5 6,%4 .-447&$*-():. %,;H
# = &$’(.^~pmtD<4Q]-[\#
’()* = >/%;,-(6/0 /5 ,34-,)4 /5 62-5,14 7/0)(.28(0,7
)-/9.: 6.-,(0 ,. 8(554-40. :4():.6 /5 &$
7# !+!gz*|5Q}O3{0Q+}6*
&!j &$Q+J^\;**U[l &! 0 !!$?7N&
tHn&{j &$0 @?73:tH61zjy~pm
tD<4Q0-/;{*q A B!=#C=j A B$=#"@!"*
;Ml1|{0mtDQ+J^,a\0\0R &!j &$~pmtD<4
Ql&t<|\;0‘8+f[K,]5Q03L
1Xc)+fO4H10kl*-V1|4H10
6\l&t9)[’]^0*8xV{yD<4Q
l&tn&T3kl\;<|\4H1l &!j &$
5Q80!Zkl_‘#"*{GPQ\({5Q
’(.^0[\8*@#$j "#$ %.^0&tn&D
<4QQk}6\’,**ql @?73:tHj ="$?
7:&tH9rzj\;0mtD%.^D<4QQ+J^\0\7({5Q’(.
^0~pmtD<4Q0R]-[\+!gz*"#$
%.^0R]4Q-/0*qH4FR]-/;*U
r[ !#$ %.^*@#$ %.^4Q-/;*H4F/
0\7Xc+‘t9IPZXc.^ "@Dn&F*
D<#4Q7qDF\*Rla_1~pmtD<4FlXcM>
7’(&tn&j’(Xc.^H0Q+}6PQ8
)}O0R\’{{0Wx\l’(&tn&PQ
8*E(1:/76/07"FG=HPQ2R7! * "#$%&%’Hmt~p
D<4FF.z’%GdXcl&t94F-kl
M+$k*]Va_Xc)zj,(Wx*-[
H204-(d7"FFFHPQ;)bR7! * ()*#+,&%&HQ’5
Qg1lXc({.^{0j&9’H0D<4Q
-x2’,(*-lXc:cNc9c& Cnot9v
.0D<4Q$k’+{*1{WxQW[PQW
S_*\l’(.^0PQ8*E(1:/76/07"FG"H.z
.^amt~pD<4FHI0f*O_*PQW
x0eO I- >:,547"FB$Hl(SR7! *
%,-#%’HPQ8cj~pD<4FjD<4QZa-
]Q.^+{w0],i*-V|.^T3$k+
{*pM >:,547"FB"HawR7! * $"&%.,’H0PQW
x*a}O.zX.QD<4FjD<4QT3i
[l3F)90+{b*-#cj{p0Qk}6*
qD<4FVX.jt]F0>J,/7"FGFHPQ.z
D<4FVWXc.^0jtlXc+‘QPZX
c.^ !@Dn&T3Cbjt*V|n[zF*1
QW[PQWS\’_**>[J^=>klz;
7# =H61!’(5Qc’(&tn&j’(.^c’
(&tn&a~pmtD<4Q*+78?o$6
7*WS\~ =bi\l’(5Qc’(&tn&a
D<4Q78?o$678*o$67}~jbO
‘Q(0_f4aD<4QHI]’+{>’(X
c.^c’(&tn&aD<4Q78?o$67
8*o$}~qrl @#@$ 7R9+{*’(.^_
"!"! "# & (d=?4c "@Gc_1D<4Q6\C$
f4a4QHIl !"!#7R9+{*’(&tn&
T3[\’+{\78?o$67WS;M*’(
5Qj’(&tn&a~pmtD<4QHI’+
{*-’(.^aD<4QHI+{\y9+!g
z*lmt~pD<4FlXcM>6\Qk_‘
PQ8*K,X|’(c_yop’(cvtwx’
(*A~.z3{Wx*W[Q’3LD<0?4c
$!%c_1~pmtD<4FlXcM>0’(&
tn&T3[\$k’+{*-l’(.^8$k
+{F ! Z[Z<8Z[VyWdUZ[v!8Z[VyWd(FTVy)wd%X"#$%! &’($)* +#,-’./ 01230 .*/()- ’+ /(.+#,* )’456-(764#) 5.’8-9 /-.#64 ’+ 4’.:#) 5.’8-9 -.** $; 76++*.*4- -.**/
#47 <*.6<9*.; <’/6-6’4/ #47 $; 76++*.*4- 9*659-/ #47 <*.6<9*.; <’/6-6’4/
’(8?
&’(()*)+, (-.,/*0
o$rE
1/2*.) /( 3-*’-+.)
Roj
124 /( 052-*)
‘K^
6(
]o 7)-+ /(
024 052-*) !
+{b
1’89
m3}~ :6;20,)6 4/6)< =%% #>!"?@$ $$ =# =AB"?!> $"A?B +0
ch C+,)*.)D, > !%> B@B"A%> $ > !%> B@B"A%> BA?">$? !!!
’(5Q &’(()*)+, ,*)) $?A ==A"%$! B B! >!#"@=% ="=!? +0
’(5Q’(&tn&G"=
E !"B!?7\3 "= E ! 9A=$HH
&’(()*)+, ,*))0 ./4F’+)6 G’,H
6’(()*)+, D/0’,’/+0 /( D)*’DH)*I
G"= E !"B!?7:6;20,)6 "= E
! 9A=$HH
’(&tn& &’(()*)+,
D/0’,’/+ /( D)*’DH)*I $$B A#?"@>$ % $? AA?"%$= !">>A +0
l$ J*//* #$% >A=">A? => $> B@B"!A!
Vj K/,-< > >%A @!%"@!# B!
m3Vj :6;20,)6 ,/,-< %@# B$A"#=% A@
m3}~ :6;20,)6 4/6)< AB@ =#@"!!! @ =# =AB"?!> ="B!= +0
ch C+,)*.)D, # =@% >B!"??% $ > !%> B@B"A%> A=%">?= !!!
’(.^ &’(()*)+, ,*)) $=! BA?"AAA = B! >!#"@=% A"%=% !
’(.^’(&tn&G"=
E !"?$A7\3 "= E ! 9##>HH
&’(()*)+, ,*)) H)’8H,0 ./4F’+)6
G’,H 6’(()*)+, D/0’,’/+0 /(
D)*’DH)*I G "= E !"?$A
7:6;20,)6 "= E ! 9##>HH
’(&tn&
&’(()*)+, D/0’,’/+ /( D)*’DH)*I ==> >=="??% % $? AA?"%$= ="!=A +0
l$ J*//* ==? ==="AAA $B $> B@B"!A!
Vj K/,-< # >%A A=="!!! =B
m3Vj :6;20,)6 ,/,-< #%# B>$"AAA =A
!!!!~il !"!!$7R9+{>!!~il !"!$7R9+{>!~il !"!#7R9+{>+0~i’+{\!!!4)-+0 0’8+’(’.-+, -, !"!!$ <)3)<*
!!4)-+0 0’8+’(’.-+, -, !"!$ <)3)<*! 4)-+0 0’8+’(’.-+, -, !"!# <)3)<*+0 4)-+0 ’+0’8+’(’.-+, 9
=>= QR[Z[[c#\]Uy)wd%V\:
@xy)b
q L=*LA*L#O<|,[%$s*qv4QB4
vtL‘d*mtD<4Q7X‘I>s06\_
‘\|5QL‘d*mtD<4Q0-\~ B
biF ? QR[Z[[c#\])wd%^
"#$%? @44*. .*/67(#) )’456-(764#) 5.’8-9 /-.#64 A#)(* ’+ 4’.:#) 5.’8-9 +#))*4 -.** "#
g1%
M/9 /( 0-4D<’+8 ,*)) $ = A B # ? % > @ $! $$
L= N >?="@B N %!A"#B N A%B"!% A!$"@$ $ !%#"A$ B!@"#? B>A"B= N =%$"@! N B#@"!> N %#B"=B N >=>"?=
LA N $ $#="!% N @BA"?# N ?=?"!! N %$"?@ AB@"=> >BB"$! $ !%B"!! N B#A"AA N ?%B"=> N >>A"@? N $ =%@"!!
L# N @>>"$? N ##!"=? N $=B"?> #?$"=# @?!"=! %>#"#? B%>"== $#>"A$ N A!@"=@ N >?="$ N @%@"A>
!~8!H4Q’3-*#4Q’]-*z(\O/0’,’3) 3-<2) 0,-+60 (/* ,)+0’/+ 0,*-’+*+)8-,’3) 3-<2) (/* ./4D*)00’/+ 0,*-’+*,H) 0-4) F)K~ B+!M+gz*AQ?4c $!%c3L1
L‘ d * m t D < 4 Q Q + J ^ = > ’=
N $ =%@"!! P @?!"=!"#\|5QL‘d*mtD<
4Q?tQk}6#jWo#\# Bbi?4c $!%c3L1lXcM>~j’mt#
4Q7qH4FH*KX‘t6*l8sP9/! #w
?$dj8sP&/! B w # $d{*mt#4Q
st’H4Q7q#4FH*-[*An5QH4Q/
;-]’lXc38sn&7q>s{H\’(5Q
0?tQk}6OW’(0\do6*L= j L# l
8sP9/! A$d{zjH4Q/;-*] LAW
l8sP&/! A$d{zjH4Q/;-\QU
‘8*+f[K,l! $$dj! =$d{klM
+0Gs@*8sP~p%7Z\.*b!l4FO
PST8*4QB’fApoy78]{4QQ+
_‘*b!zjy]{4Q0-0,! A$d\?
4c $!%cL‘d*mtD<4Q0PZWo#nxtz0=Tw*UJHl>s{*U"r?w[
ToT’ #7D<4Q-HE >$#"!= $=7vtHb
%HN ?@"AB# $ N $ @!="B!A*"= E !"%%#!!!\W[a
?4c $!%c3L10Ld*D<4QPQWxQ
*R.z0,i}6jWo_*7:*.H)* $@>?>
Q/2*+’)* %& ’( 9*$@@!H==$ & ’ ( ) B#"
# ! 3LD<_1L‘d*mtD<4Q|5Q?tQk}6#7H#HjPZWo#7I#H
"#$% ! &’(#’) *’+#’,#-. /0+*1 -2 #..1+ +13#(0’) )-.$#,0(#.’) $+-4,5 3,+133
-2 #.(#*#(0’) ,+117)12, 6’7H’.( $1.1+’) ,+1.(7+#$5, 6’7H
8 WxQIx
?4c 9:;c3L1~pmtD<4Q0Q+
J^=>’=< =>8?9: @ < A98?!8!"\BAj B>l&
t9~pmtD<4Q0Q+J^\;*] B9*B8*
B!Q+J^,a\0\l’(Xc.^PQ8*~
pmtD<4QlXc+‘t9QPZXc.^
9:Cn&T3*D<#4Q7qD.jtCbj;*V|0-n[zF\78?o$
67~M*’(5Qj’(&tn&a~pmtD
<4QHI’+{*-’(.^aD<4QHI
+{?4c 9:;c3L1L‘d*mtD<4QQ
+J^=>’=< 9 A;D?:: @ DE:?A:!"*U?tQk
}6’*lXcM>~j’mt#4Q7qH4FH*
KX‘t6*l8sP9/! >w E$dj8sP
&/! !w >$d{*mt#4Qst’H4Q7q
#4FH*V| BAj B>l8sP9t! 8$d{z
jH4Q/;-*] B8Wl8sP&t! 8$d{
zjH4Q/;-\|5QlL‘d*mtD<4
Q?tQk0PZWo#\nxtz0=Tw*U
JHl>s{*U"r?w[ToT’ !7D<4Q
-HF =9>?:A "A7vtHb%H< ED?8!> " <
9 D:A?!:8*#A F :?;;>!!!lQ*R0,iPQWS*+[\|cj*3
LD<0?4c 9:;c_1~pmtD<4QlX
cM>0Qk}6PZ9Q*RPQWS,**-
[K,PQ@DjPQwxkl$kb*A~Az
!OK[nvb0_1~pmtD<4QlXcM
>0Qk}6\Qx’(0[*W[0L‘d*m
tD<4Q0PQ~M*U?tQk}6jPZW
owg*RAz0wx{vjUcX|0vpW
S*;ML‘d*mtD<4Q0?tQk}6O
\’3{0Wxj k , -
o<- % A::; %2J5acX4H1D<4Fj1@bJ0HI %K
#8’;))nx[ %
:_6*UV7*68o % A::> % 4QBjmtD<4QV4vtX
1mt~pD<4Q % &’()*!97AH=A9: < A9>%
ZAX*^ A) % A::8 % cXS’v@&At| % &’=8K&’z
() %
G+/51+ & &% 9D=E % H+-4,5 3,+13313 ’.( 3,+’#.3 #. ,+113% I1+)#.=J7+#.$1+
K1+)’$%
I-L( M N% 9D>: % O+11 $+-4,5 3,+133% PPP % O51 -+#$#. -2 $+-4,5 3,+133%
G03,+’)#’. M-0+.’) -2 J/#1.,#2#/ &131’+/5*J1+#13 I*I#-)-$#/’) J/#1./13*
8=AD! < 8:D%
Q5’21 J Q% 9D;D % H+-4,5 3,+133 #. ,+113% G03,+’)#’. "-+13, &131’+/5*D78H=
A:8 < AA8%
Q5’21 J Q% 9D=9 % K’+#’,#-.3 #. )-.$#,0(#.’) $+-4,5 3,+133*R’3#/ (1.3#,L ’.(
6-(0)03 -2 1)’3,#/#,L 4#,5 51#$5, #. ,51 ,+11% G03,+’)#’. "-+13,
&131’+/5*9979H=;D < =A%
Q5’21 J Q% 9D=> % K’+#’,#-. #. )-.$#,0(#.’) $+-4,5 3,+133 4#,5 51#$5, #. ,+113
-2 $%&’()*+%, -.+/-, S’#(1.% G03,+’)#’. "-+13, &131’+/5*9>79H=>9 <
>>%
Q)’#+ I*&01))1 M*O5#R’0, I% A::8 % &1)’,#-.35#7 R1,411. $+-4,5 3,+13313*
61/5’.-T75L3#/’) 7+-71+,#13 ’.( 7+-7-+,#-. -2 2#R+13 4#,5 $1)’,#.-03
)’L1+ #. /513,.0,70’,+’-/’ 1’+.2’ S#)) %H% U-)V2-+3/50.$*>;=9=D <
9D>%
N#.4--(#1 M S% 9DEE % H+-4,5 3,+13313 #. ,#6R1+ % G +1*#14 -2 )#,1+’,0+1%
8A9! 9# & (d=?4c 9:;c_1D<4Q6\C$
!"#$%&#’ ()#"*+,-$*./=012 3 045 6
!"7#*+$# 8*9"#:"**$ ; <*=7+&>#: ?*!" #$ 6 0//5 6 =#"@&) %&#$%% A>&&$#*%
+* &#$$ %&$B%?> B":$- >%%7B+*C $D"-7&+"* @+&) &)$ &#$$ >C$ "E
B>&7#>&+"* %&#>+*%6 F"": G,+$*,$ >*: H$,)*"-"C’*2I72H=0.0 3 0I26
J7>*C K G*()$* G G*L+* H ;*!" #$ 6 2550 6 =#"@&) %&#$%% :+%&#+M7&+"* +*
-$>*+*C *N% "E %&’(")*!&+# ,#()-+.# 6 H#$$ ;)’%+"-"C’*207IH=210 3
211 6
8>$C-+* O O6 0/P4 6 Q7D$*+-$ @"":*&$*%+"* @"":*>*: C#"@&) %&#$%% $EE$,&%
"* A#",$%%+*C )>#:@"":%6 R* ;#",$$:+*C%=<**7>- J>#:@"": G’BA"%+7B
"E &)$ J>#:@"": O$%$>#,) ("7*,+-70S&)H*055 3 05P 6
87*$#+ <*L$CC>&$ F*;>-B$# =6 0/// 6 O$->&+"*%)+A% M$&@$$* %7#E>,$
C#"@&) %&#>+* >*: %"B$ &#$$%6 @"": >*: %>@* &+BM$# ,)>#>,&$#+%&+,% "E
/0.#$’("01 .$)!2+#-# 6 G"7&) * !"#$%&#’ Q"7#*>-*0P1=I0 3 I/6
T+,)"-%"* Q U6 0/40 6 < #>A+: B$&)": E"# $%&+B>&+*C -"*C+&7:+*>- C#"@&)
%&#$%%$% +* -"C%6 F"": G,+$*,$ >*: H$,)*"-"C’*S=I5 3 IP6
T+,)"-%"* Q U6 0/4. 6 =#"@&) %&#$%% :+EE$#$*,$% +* U7,>-’A&7%6 !"#$%&
G,+$*,$*0/=01/ 3 0PI 6
VN7’>B> H*K>B>B"&" J*RC7,)+ 8*!" #$ 6 0//5 6 =$*$#>&+"* A#",$%% "E
C#"@&) %&#$%%$% +* ,$-- @>--% RR 6 =#"@&) %&#$%%$% +* &$*%+"* @"":6
8"N7W>+ =>NN>+%)+*.1=4/4 3 P5.6
F>)’7:+ R*VN7’>B> H*J>:+ K G*!" #$ 6 0/// 6 =#"@&) %&#$%%$% >*: %&#>+*%
+* 3.#.+# *#-4+0* 6 !"#$%& ;#":7,&% Q"7#*>-*I/72H=44 3 P06
K>*C Q L*F>7C) =6 2550 6 =#"@&) %&#$%%*+&% B$>%7#$B$*& >*: $EE$,&%6
<7%&#>-+>* !"#$%&#’*1I72H=024 3 0.S6
K>" Q6 0/4/ 6 O$->&+"*%)+A M$&@$$* )$+C)& >*: C#"@&) %&#$%%$% @+&)+* >*:
>B"*C @)+&$ >%)*@>&$# ">N*>*: %)>CM>#N )+,N"#’6 F"": G,+$*,$6 00=
2I1 3 2S06
K"%)+:> 8*VN7’>B> H6 2555 6 H$,)*+X7$% E"# B$>%7#+*C C#"@&) %&#$%% "*
&)$ Y’-$B %7#E>,$ 7%+*C %&#>+* >*: :+>- C>7C$%6 J"-WE"#%,)7*C*S1=4./
3 4I16
qrstu &73y
I20 & ’ ( ) IS"