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作 者 ：兰再平 吴金坤 苏显峰 程红

期 刊 ：林业科学 1999年 35卷 zk期 页码：128-142

关键词：用材林树种；速生丰产林；病虫害定位观测；最常发生病虫害；危害程度；

Keywords:High-yielding timber plantations, Fixed forest pest and disease monitoring, Most frequently occurring pests and diseases, Pest damage degree,

摘 要 ：本文对设置在世界银行贷款“国家造林项目”16个项目省(区)内15个主要用材树种新造速生丰产林林地上的62个病虫害定位观测点上连续5年观测取得的资料和数据进行了综合分析。分析结果表明,除日本落叶松没有发生任何病、虫害以及白榆、刺槐和加勒比松没有发生病害外,其余树种造林地都不同程度地发生了病虫危害。相比之下,马尾松、火炬松、毛白杨、欧美杨造林地发生虫害种类较多;马尾松、火炬松、毛白杨、欧美扬、刚果12桉和蓝桉造林地发生病害种类较多。根据各种病虫害在同一树种所有观测点上的样点发生频率和观测发生频率,作者提出了各树种造林地的最常发生虫害和病害种类。在所有病虫害观测点进行的全部观测中,虫害观测占77.7%,病害观测占27.1%。在全部有虫观测中,发生重度危害的观测为极少数,仅占2.5%,发生中度危害的观测也较少,占8.86%,绝大多数观测为轻度危害;同样,在全部有病观测中,发生重度危害的观测为极少数,仅占6.08%,发生中度危害的观测为少数,占11.6%,绝大多数观测为轻度危害。所以,总体来讲,病虫害给主要用材林树种幼林造成的危害较轻。建议根据本文提出的各树种常发性和造成严重危害的病虫害种类,有重点地制定防治措施。

Abstract:A comprehensive analysis was made on the 5 year‘s successive monitoring findings from the 62 fixed forest pest monitoring sites of newly established high yielding timber plantations of 15 main timber tree species, such as Larix kaempferi, Ulmus pumila, Robinia pseudoacacia, Paulownia sp,, Populus tomentosa, Populus×euramericana, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana, Pinus taeda, Pinus elliottii, Pinus caribaea, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus grandis ×uraphylla and Eucalyptus ABL12, under the World Bank Loan Afforestation Project, which distributed in 16 provinces or autonomous regions in China. The analysis results showed following conclusions: a. At the forest pest monitoring sites with plantations of 15 tree species, the plantations of 14 species, except Larix kaempferi, occurred some insect pests and the plantations of 11 species, except Larix kaempferi, occurred some diseases. Comparatively, the plantations of Pinus massoniana, Pinus taeda, Populus tomentosa and Populus×euramericana had relatively frequent occurrence of insect pests and the plantations of Pinus massoniana, Pinus taeda, Populus tomentosa, Populus×euramericana, Eucalyptus ABL 12 and Eucalyptus globulus had relatively frequent occurrence of diseases. b. According to statistics on the percentage of the observations with occurrence of insect pest or disease occupying the total observations at the monitoring sites of given plantation species, i.e. the observation occurrence rate, and the percentage of the monitoring sites with occurrence of insect pest or disease occupying the total monitoring sites of given plantation species, i.e. the sites occurrence rate of each species or kind of insect pest or disease, the most frequently or frequently occurring insect pests or diseases of each given plantation species were identified, which provid clear target for the effective control of forest pests. c. Among all observations conducted at all monitoring sites, the observations with occurrence of insect pests occupied 77.7% while the observations with occurrence of diseases occupied 27.1%. The statistics of the damage degrees to the plantations caused by insect pests or diseases indicates that among all observations with insect pest occurrence, extremely few observations (2.5%) showed severe damage, few observations (8.86%) showed middle degree damage and most observations showed slight or no damage to the plantation stands, and among all observations with disease occurrence, still extremely few observations (6.08%) showed severe damage, few observations (11.6%) showed middle degree damage and most observations showed slight or no damage to the plantations. Therefore, the overall insect pest or disease damages to the project plantations were slight. However, for some plantation species the emphasis should be given to the prevention and control of the insect pests or diseases causing severe damages. It was suggested that the list of frequently occurring insect pests and diseases, especially, the severe damage causing insect pests or diseases should be paid much attention by the forest managers and the appropriate control strategy should be made for them.

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