Abstract:This paper gives a review of techniques used previously in inside country and abroad to measure wood surface roughness,and establishes a statistic model of wood surface. By means of random process theory,the theoretical model of optical Fourier transform spectrum intensity distribution(OFTSID)of the 1-D Gaussian distribution wood surface is established. And the numerical expression of the theoretical model that can calculate root-mean-square height Rq and autocorrelation function of wood surface is got by numerical calculation.This paper mentioned a new type of measurement system that can measure the two parameters above.This system has the advantages of noncontact,high measurement speed,unaffected by the inspected wood material and giving more abundant information about inspected surface This method can be used in classification and in-time measurement of wood surface roughness after improved.