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作 者 ：张绮纹 苏晓华 李金花 陈一山 解荷峰

期 刊 ：林业科学 1999年 35卷 2期 页码：31-37

关键词：美洲黑杨；基因库；主要性状；遗传分析及评价；

Keywords:Populus deltoides Bartr., Gene Pool, Main characters, Genetic analysis and evaluation,

摘 要 ：从17个国家引进331个黑杨派无性系(其中52个美洲黑杨无性系),在山东省长清县营建我国第一个黑杨派无性系基因库。连续10年对基因库内美洲黑杨无性系进行了多性状系统研究,结果表明各无性系间在物候期、生长、生根、抗寒和抗病虫等方面均存在着显著的差异,遗传变异丰富;系间的主要性状与无性系起源纬度及各性状间存在一定相关性。主要材料性状变异的研究结果表明,38个8年生美洲黑杨无性系在木材基本密度、纤维长度无性系间变异达到极显著水平;木材密度和纤维长度与树高和胸径呈一定相关性;木材密度和纤维长度这两个性状在遗传上相互独立,受不同遗传机制控制。利用分子遗传标记RAPD技术研究库内美洲黑杨无性系DNA多态性,结果表明本库美洲黑杨DNA多态率为86%,再次证明本库美洲黑杨遗传多样性高,可为我国杨树改良提供丰富的育种材料。

Abstract:The genetic resource of Populus deltoides Bartr., a fast growing species of rich genetic variation, is poor in China and need to be introduced from foreign country. In 1980‘s 331 clones of Section Aigeiros consisting of 52 clones of P.deltoides, 56 clones of P.×euramericana and 6 clones of P.nigra were introduced from 17 foreign countries. In 1984 the first gene pool of Section Aigeiros in China was established in Changqing County, Shandong Province. The several characters in clones of Section Aigeiros had been measured and studied for ten years. The results showed that there were significant in phenology, growth, rooting, cold resistance, disease and pest resistance between different colnes, and the genetic variation was rich. The rules were as follows:(1)Growth showed significant negative correlation to the original latitude.(2)Cold resistance showed significant positive correlation to the original latitude.(3)Rooting ability tended to add little with the height of latitude.(4)Disease resistance showed slight significant positive correlation to the original latitude, as well as negative correlation to the original longitude.(5)Change of season showed significant correlation to growth of standing stock.(6)Cold resistance showed significant positive correlation to growth.(7)Disease resistance shows positive correlation to cold resistance.Basic wood properties such as wood basis density, fiber length, tree height, and DBH were also measued and analyzed. The results showed that a significant variance was observed in 4 traits among 46 clones and there was slight negative genetic correlation between the wood basic density and tree growth rate, as well as positive genetic correlation between the fiber length and tree growth rate. RAPD analysis was applied to the analysis of DNA polymorphism and genetic differentiation among the clones. The percent of polymorphism was up to 80%, which showed that genetic diversity of this gene pool was significant. The gene pool will provide rich breeding material for improvement of poplar in China.

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