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Flora of Wild Seed Plants in the Surrounding Mausoleum of Genghis Khan in Ordos

鄂尔多斯成吉思汗陵周边野生种子植物区系研究



全 文 :!23" !5#
 Vol.23  No.5
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ACTA AGRESTIA SINICA
   2015$  9%
  Sep.  2015
犱狅犻:10.11733/j.issn.10070435.2015.05.012
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犉犾狅狉犪狅犳犠犻犾犱犛犲犲犱犘犾犪狀狋狊犻狀狋犺犲犛狌狉狉狅狌狀犱犻狀犵犕犪狌狊狅犾犲狌犿
狅犳犌犲狀犵犺犻狊犓犺犪狀犻狀犗狉犱狅狊
LIUZherong1,LIUGuohou1,YUEXiuxian2,LIUGuanzhi1,YUEYongjie1,
GAORunhong1,LIHong1,ZHAOShuwen1
(1.ColegeofEcologyandEnvironment,InnerMongoliaAgriculturalUniversity,Hohhot,InnerMongolia010019,China;
2.ForestrySurveyandPlanningInstituteofInnerMongolia,Hohhot,InnerMongolia010020,China)
犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋:Basedonfieldsurveyandliteraturereferences,thefeaturesofflora,lifeformsandwatereco
typesofwildseedplantswereanalyzedinthesurroundingMausoleumofGenghis.Resultsshowthatthere
are529species,260generaand73familiesinthesurroundingmausoleumofGenghisKhan,whichreached
23.96%,39.82%and62.39%oftotalseedplantsinInnerMongolia,indicatingthatthelevelsofgenera
andspeciesdiversityarenotabundant.Thespeciescompositionischaracterizedbymostspeciestrendto
distributioninthelargefamiliesandgenera,themidspecificfamily,midspecificgenera,monospecific
family,andmonospecificgeneraarethemainpartofflora,themainsourcesoffloraconstituteandspecies
diversity.Geographicelementsoftheflorawerecomplexandnumerous.Thetemperateelementcharacter
isticswerethetypicalfeaturesoflocalflora,folowedbypantropic.TherearefewChineseendemicgenera
andsomeantiquity.Inlifeformsofthespecies,theherbshadabsolutesuperiority,whichaccountfor
86.39%ofthetotalspeciesoftheseedplant.Inwaterecotypesofthespecies,themesophytesaccountfor
62.38%oftheseedplant.
犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊:Spermatophyte;Floral;Lifeformandwaterecotype;ThesurroundingmausoleumofGenghis
Khan
EFGH
:20140504;IJGH:20140728
KLMN

‚œc®@Ý°+•–ž¥²³
(20131902);Fûª‹gi)°˜²³(201309040)´ µ
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Yԃ
(1987),Ë,‚œcÕk‹m»,ƽ˜™:,¾D¿À89‹&gû8*¥B˜™,Email:liuzherong@126.com;
ÇÈÅÆ Authorforcorrespondence,Email:guohouliu@163.com
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Table1 ThecompositionofplantgroupinthesurroundingmausoleumofGenghisKhan
²³
Items
¦789Gymnosperm  789Angiosperm @ÁTotal
°
Family
O
Genera
Y
Species
°
Family
O
Genera
Y
Species
°
Family
O
Genera
Y
Species
á„ÑÐ!u¡
MausoleumofGenghisKhan
3 4 6 70 256 523 73 260 529
‚œc|Ý
InnerMongolia
3 7 23 114 646 2185 117 653 2208
Ù|ÝBÈÊ
RateinInnerMongolia/%
100 57.14 26.09 61.40 39.63 23.94 62.39 39.82 23.96
\2 Y‘’“”•–ƒb„Ÿ*+À˜É./Wœ
Table2 StatisticsoffamiliesofseedplantsinthesurroundingmausoleumofGenghisKhan
°‚ÌYp
Speciesnumber
ofthefamilies
°p
No.offamilies
Ù`°p
Percentagein
totalfamilies/%
Op
No.ofgenera
Ù`Op
Percentagein
totalgenera/%
Yp
No.ofspecies
Ù`Yp
Percentagein
totalspecies/%
≥20Y
≥20species
5 6.85 112 43.08 262 49.53
10~19Y
10~19species
6 8.22 37 14.23 87 16.45
5~9Y
5~9species
13 17.81 46 17.69 80 15.12
2~4Y
2~4species
34 46.58 50 19.23 85 16.07
1Y
1species
15 20.55 15 5.77 15 2.84
2.3 )0XY.—
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Table3 GeneraofseedplantsinthesurroundingmausoleumofGenghisKhan
O‚ÌYp
Speciesnumber
ofthegenera
Op
No.ofgenera
Ù`Op
Percentagein
totalgenera/%
Yp
No.ofspecies
Ù`Yp
Percentagein
totalspecies/%
YOÈÊ
Proportionofgenera
andspecies
≥5Y
≥5species
12 4.62 130 24.57 10.83
2~4Y
2~4species
100 38.46 251 47.45 2.51
1Y
1species
148 56.92 148 27.98 1
`ÁTotal 260 100.00 529 100.00 2.03
3 lmY;n
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\4 Y‘’“”•–ƒb„Ÿ*+);™–Table4 ArealtypesoffamiliesandgeneraofseedplantsinthesurroundingmausoleumofGenghisKhan
zÎÝyQ†ÒnQ
Arealtypesandvarietytypes
Op
No.ofgenera
Ù`Op

Percentageintotalgenera/%
1_…zÎCosmopolitan 54 -
2/9&zÎPantropic 21 10.19
39&Ðr=9&¨r“ezÎTrop.Asia&Trop.Amer.disjunctivedistribution 1 0.49
4ç_…9&zÎOldWorldTropics 1 0.49
69&Ðr×9&mrzÎTrop.Asia&Trop.Africa 3 1.46
79&Ðr(÷¨م3Ð)zÎTrop.Asia 2 0.97
84_&zÎNorthTemperate 59 28.64
8.44_&=_&“ezÎN.TemperatetoS.Temperatedisjunctivedistribution 27 13.11
8.5ÏÐ=¨r_&“ezÎEurasia&Temp.S.Amer.disjunctivedistribution 3 1.46
9¬Ð†4¨“ezÎE.Asia&N.Amer.disjunctivedistribution 6 2.91
10ç_…_&zÎOldWorldTemperate 26 12.62
10.1ñ+3Ý、3Ð(]+Ð)=¬Ð“ezÎ
Mediterranean,WestAsiaandEastAsiadisjunctivedistribution
4 1.94
10.2ñ+3Ý=ØÙÚۓezÎ Mediterranea& Himalayadisjunctivedistribution 1 0.49
10.3ÏÐ=m“ezÎ(“q•©**Ð)Eurasia&S.Afr.disjunctivedistribution 4 1.94
11_&ÐrzÎTemp.Asia 13 6.31
12ñ+3Ý、3Ð×+ÐzÎ Mediterranea,W.AsiatoC.Asia 12 5.83
12.2ñ+3Ý×3Ð]+Ð=è3é]cµ“ezÎ
MediterraneatoW.orC.Asia& MexicoorCubadisjunctivedistribution
2 0.97
12.3ñ+3Ý×_&9&Ðr、*˜r=/]4¨¤×¨r“ezÎ
MediterraneatoTemp.Trop.Asia,Australasia&Amer.disjunctivedistribution
2 0.97
13+ÐzÎC.Asia 3 1.46
13.1+Ь¤zÎEast.C.Asia 4 1.94
14¬ÐzÎE.Asia 7 3.40
14SJ+¬+TzÎSinoJapan 1 0.49
15+¬REndemictoChina 4 1.94
`ÁTotal 260 100.00
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(犑狌狀犻狆犲狉狌狊)、íÖO(犃犮犲狉)、^ O(犝犾犿狌狊)!5%
áÜñe£8 Bðf89]CDàá¤z

ç_
…_&zΆÒnQ35O,Ù3yQ`pB
24.48%,É+‹Gý+:=+:BNT89,îh
=¤h¡5

hTB?POî¨O
(犜犪犿犪狉犻狓)、
ô6O
(犎犻狆狆狅狆犺犪犲)!;NTBO;<0O
(犜犺狔犿狌狊)、1oEO(犛犲狉狉犪狋狌犾犪)、âóO(犆犪狉
犱狌狌狊)、6}O(犘犺犾狅犿犻狊)、‹CNO(犔犲狅狀狌狉狌狊)!。
_&Ðrz΍13O,LMNO(犆犪狉犪犵犪狀犪)•Ò
+5vŒ?PgBO

ҕôñ¤¥



wx!
Bf—àá+ŒCDÅ¥

¬Ð†4¨zÎQ6
O

? P O  k · 7 O
(犔犲狊狆犲犱犲狕犪)= n S O
(犜犺犲狉犿狅狆狊犻狊)!。
3.1.4 Žß\à—߆»Û 3yQ=nQƒ
16O,Ùm_…zÎ`pB7.77%,£yQ$ê‡
O
(犖犻狋狉犪狉犻犪)、ÿ††O=ï`µO(犆犲狉犪狋狅犻犱犲狊)}
s–GNT89

1Qñ+3Ý

3Ð×+ÐzÎ
12O,Ù3yQ`OpB75%,ðñNO
(犗犱狅狀狋犻狋犲狊)、­n:O(犃狀狋犺犲犿犻狊)、ò:O(犑狌狉犻
狀犲犪)、tF:O(犃犮狉狅狆狋犻犾狅狀)!。•3zÎÝyQ+
ø2enQ,˒ñ+3Ý×3Ð]+Ð=è3
é]cµzÎ2O,GhjyO(犌狔狆狊狅狆犺犻犾犪)=ó
ï_O
(犘犲犵犪狀狌犿),hŠenQ5ñ+3Ý×_
&

9&Ðr

*˜r]4¨¤×¨rzÎ

Ë
’2OG7NO(犌犾狔犮狔狉狉犺犻狕犪)=ôÒN{O(犈狉狅
犱犻狌犿)。£zÎQÇnŒý、ÿ<]²Á、RR:

89‹zΦÝ܂5Üg:Ž

+ÐzÎ
Oƒ7O,ÙTÝAm_…zÎ`OpB3.4%。
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犿狅狀)、-ÀNO(犛狋犲狀狅狊狅犾犲狀犻狌犿)=-7hO(犃狊狋犲狉
狅狋犺犪犿狀狌狊)。3zÎÝyQ•Ý܂1enQî
+Ь¤zÎ
,4O,Ù3yQ`OpB57.14%,?
POôYO
(犘狊犪犿犿狅犮犺犾狅犪)、ô_O(犃犵狉犻狅
狆犺狔犾犾狌犿)、ôuO(犘狌犵犻狅狀犻狌犿)=öñ2O(犖犲狅狆
犪犾犾犪狊犻犪)!,nGôñ‚BãäY、ðfY=÷:Y。
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Ùm_…zÎOB3.89%,Ò++¬—+Tz΍
1O,GM÷NO(犓狌犿犿犲狉狅狑犻犪),Ò-OGõíO
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(犆犪狉狔狅狆狋犲狉犻狊)、ñ n O (犚犲犺犿犪狀狀犻犪)、. ù O
(犘犪狋狉犻狀犻犪)、HIoO(犎犲狋犲狉狅狆犪狆狆狌狊)=núAO
(犢狅狌狀犵犻犪)。
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4O‰–GœYO,Ùm_…OB1.94%。zÆG
ñ%©O
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˜ÙmO
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Å2O=ìCOB89n?¦ÝÜBwxN
ނ

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(犡犪狀狋犺狅犮犲狉犪狊狊狅狉犫犻犳狅犾犻犪)=ñ%©
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Þ&Üñ‚

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[2324],
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ÑÐ!u¡ÝARS=Ò":Y7898zÎFŽ
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T

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0.76%。|}~á„ÑÐ!u¡ÝA5}1yN
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ñ

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\5 Y‘’“”•–ƒb„Ÿ*+bZoWœ
Table5 LifeformsofseedplantsinthesurroundingmausoleumofGenghisKhan
²³
Items
îh
Arbor
¤hShrub ûTVine NT Herb
¤h
Shrub
ë¤h
Subshrub
hùûT
Woodvine
NùûT
Herbvine
‹$:NT
Perennialherbs
Û$:NT
Biennialherb
Š$:NT
Annualherb
Yp
No.ofspecies
10 44 14 2 2 318 20 119
Ù`Yp
Percentagein
totalspecies/%
1.89 8.32 2.65 0.38 0.38 60.11 3.78 22.5
@ÁTotal 1.89 10.97 0.76 86.39
  š}E.Warming= A.W.SchimperB°:,
|89KKzBížg

¦ÝÜ":Y789z
GK:

ì:

+:

˒ì+:

+:

ý+:
)、
ý:

˒+ý:

ý:

›ý:

=ü:

P6)。
|}~Ý܂+:89]ÙÈʚ*

Ù`Y
pB62.38%,ý : 8 9 ü ’,Ù ` Y p B
26.84%,K:=ì:89qŠkpëBzÎ,
zÆÙ`YpB4.16%,6.05%。ŠN/PJ
ÝÜtY¦@·Fôñ‚

Š÷ížôñý:B
89zΚ./

hŠN/PJôñ‚KFŽ|
}G+

ì:
,¨
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\6 Y‘’“”•–ƒb„Ÿ*+ó;b-Table6 ThecompositionofwaterecotypeofseedplantsinthesurroundingmausoleumofGenghisKhan
²³
Items
K:
Aquatic
plants
ì:
Hygrophyte
+: Mesophyte ý:Xerophyte
ì+:
Hygro
mesophyte
+:
Typical
mesophyte
ý+:
Xer
mesophyte
+ý: Mid
xerophyte
ý:
Xerophyte
›ý:
Super
Xerophte
ü:
Phytoparasite
Yp
No.of
species
22 32 13 243 74 47 89 6 3
Ù`Yp
Percentage
intotal
species/%
4.16 6.05 2.46 45.94 13.99 8.88 16.82 1.13 0.57
@ÁTotal 4.16 6.05 62.38 26.84 0.57
4 ~Yl
YyšÒµ

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Y

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u@

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nQ+

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Q=9enQ。¿OBzÎQ‚|}~,TÝ"
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ƒ143O,
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O

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7.77%=3.89%。;á„ÑÐ!u¡":Y
789B_&zÎ83ÝBðñ&ƒí1Blm

889
!5# Yԃ!:Õk‹má„ÑÐ!u¡":Y789ÝA˜™
X“qEJ•®¯=Hö©n‡/+

3ݕŠk
/¨‚EÅ/9&áz67

89&ŒŠkB>
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°

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(Thymelaeaceae)、(Tamari
caceae)、ýþA°(Lythraceae)†1nO(犈狆犺犲犱狉犪)、
ìCO!



̍š‹“ezÎByQ

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(Pinaceae)、í°(Cupressaceae)、XÙÿ°(Spargani
aceae)、k!7°(Elaeagnaceae)BŠ÷89–•uY
/¨‚—óH389ÝABcbg

R/¨Ú

Ý܂260O+4eG0¬R
O

Ùm_…zÎOB1.94%,]ÙÈʗrÚ
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Šk/¨EJÒ89ÝAR
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Kz:Q}+:


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T89G¾

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+:8953Ý܂¾
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62.38%,ý:89ü’,Ù26.84%,ÒÓ]ÙBÈ
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u>?
[1] ;J:.89ÝAñX[M].4¥:°+¡¢,1992
[2] ¬­FŽû°®¯ûe(˜r).+¬:Ä’w“[M].


+¬FŽ°+¡¢
,2000:1113
[3] Ö&ž,‚ŠlÚ.Ü3Y789ÝAñX˜™[J].ñX°
+
,2007,27(5):724729
[4] Y—",kOž,͉á,!.´#$k89ÝAàá†8 R
S
[J].N)+w,1994,3(4):3240
[5] Ö;,H%z,•ªç.±âmNÞyNñ®¯ûÝ89Ý
A
[J].Üýݘ™,1997,14(4):1419
[6] ;A,Y(í.‡¨ò,K‚œcNÞ=Nß8 89ÝA6
7B‹ŒR¦
[J].p2Fû°•,1997,3(1):1214
[7] Ö7N,;{,;&0,!.aéNñ®¯ûÝY789Ý
AB˜™
[J].+¬Nñ,1999,21(5):3541
[8] $²š,/®,Y6;,!.ì(Ü®¯ûÝY789ÝA
˜™
[J].Nñ+w,2012,20(3):439443
[9] HR,ÒðJ,ÓðŽ,!.‚œcåoDpNÞY789ÝA
˜™
[J].+¬ôx,2009,29(3):451456
[10]á‰Ú,YmH,YÅþ,!.ãÄwxNñY789ÝA
˜™
[J].Üýݘ™,2011,28(4):643648
[11]á‰Ú,YmH,£,!.·3Nޙ
[J].Nñ+w,2011,19(1):712
[12]《Û±ÜݨZ》˜)\È*.Û±ÜݨZ[M].´=µR:
‚œc»®¡¢
,1997:89,125160
[13]õSà.+¬Y789OBzÎÝyQ[J].ì89˜™,
1991,13(SIV):1139
[14]õSà,uo`,ª*,!.Y789zÎÝyQ†Òê†=z
<
[M].`J:ì°+•–¡¢,2006:146451
[15]Ù+,.《‚œc89Z》!15"[M].(!Û¡).´=µR:
‚œc»®¡¢
,19891998
[16]õSà,ª*,uo`,!.+¬Y789ÝAñX[M].4¥:
°+¡¢
,2010:1376
[17]õÔ:,¶+£.78-.ÜY789ÝA°Bz{[J]..3
89
,2003,23(3):203210
[18]H”H,YmH.ӓÄOôñY789ÝAz{[J].ž¥:
+w
,2005,16(4):610614
[19]’/o,;„f,3´J,!.·ÚÜY789OBñXázz
{
[J].3489+w,2011,31(1):172179
[20]SmithRM,ThompsonK,HodgsonJG,犲狋犪犾.Urbandomes
ticgardens(IX):Compositionandrichnessofthevascular
plantflora,andimplicationsfornativebiodiversity[J].Biolog
icalConservation,2005,129(3):312322
[21]€[,¶Ã,H?p,!.©w0®¯ûÝY789ÝA
˜™
[J].3489+w,2010,30(11):23072316
[22];F’,YmH.ӓÄOôñ1¥Y789ÝAz{[J].Ü
ýÝ´†8FŽ
,2007,21(12):133136
[23]Yœn,}ÈË,k;2,!.Ññ89f—:PQ˜™;k
[J]._}˜q+0+w(®¯°+¡),2003,24(2):155159
[24]Öð¬,f34.éêLÞ$ kDpNßNÞ89àáBl
%z{
[J].Nñ+w,2003,11(1):1522
[25]5_3,$‚®.W6Lwx89ÝAB‡TRg[J].‚œc
*++w

®¯°+¡
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[26]+¬°+0+¬89Z˜[\È*.+¬89Z!1"[M].


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