全 文 ：武汉植物学研究 2003, 21( 1) : 37～39
Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research
云南兰科一新种——中华火焰兰

刘仲健1 , 陈心启2, 张建勇1
( 1.深圳市梧桐山苗圃总场, 深圳　518114;
2.中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化研究实验室, 北京　100093)
摘　要: 对兰科新种中华火焰兰(Renanthera sinica)作了描述与绘图。此新种与云南火焰兰(R . imschootiona)有亲
缘关系, 但本新种叶较狭,宽 9～11 mm, 花浅黄色, 具紫红色的疏斑点,侧萼片较狭, 宽 4. 5～5. 5 mm ,以及唇瓣的
中裂片上半部呈半球形囊状, 甚易区别于云南火焰兰。提供了中国火焰兰属的分种检索表。
关键词: 中华火焰兰; 新种; 云南
中图分类号: Q949. 71+ 8. 43　　　　　文献标识码: A　　　　　文章编号: 1000-470X ( 2003) 01-0037-03
Renanthera sinica,A New Species of Orchidaceae from Yunnan
LIU Zhong-Jian
1
, CHEN Sing-Chi
2
, ZHANG Jian-Yong
1
( 1. Shenzh en W utong shan N ur ser ies, Shenzh en　518114, Chin a; 2. Laboratory of Sy st emati c and E volutionary
B otany , I nsti tute of B otany, T he Chinese A cademy of S ci ences, Beijing　100093, Ch ina)
Abstract: A new species of Orchidaceae, Renanther a sinica Z. J. Liu et S. C. Chen is described and
illust rated based on a cult iv ated plant collected f rom Wenshan County o f Yunnan, China. T his
new species is akin to Renanthera imschootiana Ro lfe, f rom which it differs by having much thicker
and narrow er leaves 9- 11 mm wide, yellow ish flow ers sparsely spot ted w ith purple-red, narrow er
lateral sepals 4. 5- 5. 5 mm w ide, and a mid-lobe of the lip sem iglobose-saccate on the upper half .
A key to Chinese species of R enanthera is pro vided.
Key words : Renanthera sinica; New species; Yunnan
　　R enanthera is a genus o f some 15 species r ang-
ing f rom southeast Asia to the Himalayas. Tw o
species are found in China: R . coccinea Lour. and R.
imschoot iana Rolfe
[ 1] . The species described here
w as co llected by the senio r author in last winter
fr om southw ester n Wenshan in southeastern Yun-
nan at an alt itude betw een 500 and 800 meters. The
plants w er e found gr ow ing on tree t runks o r r ocks
in more o r less shady places along a valley, each
w ith an unbr anched stem usually 20- 40 cm or oc-
casionally up to 70- 80 cm long . F ive plants w ere
brought back and cult ivated in our nur sery; they all
f low ered in last April. T his new species is some-
what sim ilar to R. imschootiana, w ith w hich a com-
parison showed that they are quite dist inct from
each o ther. R . imschoot iana has coriaceous leaves
1. 3- 2. 5 cm w ide, red lateral sepals ca 1 cm w ide
and an ovate, not saccate mid-lobe of the lip, w hile
this ent ity possesses much thicker leaves 0. 9 -
1. 1 cm w ide, yellow ish lateral sepals 4. 5- 5. 5 mm
w ide and a mid-lobe of the lip semiglobose-saccate
on the upper half .

收稿日期: 2002-05-20,修回日期: 2002-09-02。
　作者简介:刘仲健( 1958- ) ,男,教授级高级工程师,从事兰科植物研究。
1.带花植株; 2.花; 3.唇瓣; 4. 蕊柱,正面观; 5. 花粉块; 6.唇瓣与蕊柱, 侧面观; 7.唇瓣与蕊柱, 纵切面
1. F low ering plant; 2. flower ; 3. L ip; 4. Co lumn, fr ont v iew ; 5. Pollinarium ; 6. L ip and column, side view ;
7. L ip and co lumn, long itudinal section
图 1　中华火焰兰
F ig . 1　Renanthera sinica Z . J. L iu et S. C. Chen
38 武 汉 植 物 学 研 究　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　第 21 卷　
A key to Chinese species is provided as fol lows :
1. Inflo rescences no t ax illar y, opposite to leaves; flow er s deep red or scar let; side-lobes of lip subsquar e-o rbicular ⋯⋯⋯⋯
R . coccinea Lour . ( Hainan, Guangx i)⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯
1. Inflo rescences ax illary ; flow er s r eddish o r y ellow ish; side-lobes o f lip o vate-lanceolate .
　2. Leaves 1. 3- 2. 5 cm w ide; inflor escences paniclulate or r acemose; pedicel and ovary r eddish; later al sepals reddish, ca 1 cm
w ide ; mid-lobe o f lip o vate , not saccate R . imschootiana Ro lfe ( Yunnan)⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯
　2. Leaves 0. 9- 1. 1 cm wide; inflo rescences r acemose; pedicel and ovary yellow ish; later al sepals yellow ish, sparsely spotted
w ith purple-red, 4. 5- 5. 5 mm w ide; mid-lobe o f lip semiglobo se-saccate on the upper half. ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯
R . sinica A. J. L iu et S. C. Chen ( Yunnan)⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯
　　Renanthera sinica Z. J. L iu et S. C. Chen, sp.
nov. ( F ig. 1)
TYPE: China, southeastern Yunnan, W enshan
County , alt : 700 m. on tree t runk along a valley,
cult . plant , 8 M ay 2002, Z . J. L iu 22058 ( ho lotype,
SZWN) ( SZWN = Herbarium , Shenzhen City Wu-
tong shan Nurseries, China)
Diagnosis: Species nova R enantherae im-
schootianae Ro lfe aff inis, a qua fol iis angust ioribus
9- 11 mm lat is multo cr assior ibus, f loribus f lavidis
sparsim pur pureo-rubro-punctatis , sepalis later a-
libus angust ioribus, 4. 5- 5. 5 mm lat is, lobo inter -
medio labelli semiglobo so-saccato in dim idio supe-
riore bene differ t .
Description: An epiphyt ic plant . Stem stout ,
20 - 40 ( - 80) cm long , sub er ect o r mor e o r less
scrambling , dist ichously many-leaved. Leaves very
thickly coriaceous, narrow ly oblong, 7 - 10 cm
long , 9- 11 mm w ide, deep g reen, unequally r ound-
ed-bilobed at apex , sheathing at base; sheaths
gr een, amplex icaul. Inflorescence single, usually
arising f rom the ax il o f a upper leaf , 12- 26 cm
long , spreading horizontally, 5- to 10-flow ered;
bracts very small, membranous, ca 1 mm long;
pedicel and ovar y yellow ish, 1. 6 - 2. 7 cm long;
flow er s y ellow ish, sparsely spot ted w ith purple-
red, glabrous; dorsal sepal narrow ly oblong-spathu-
late, 1. 8 - 2. 2 cm long , 3 - 4 mm w ide, obtuse-
acute and slight ly incur ved at apex ; lateral sepals
nar row ly oblong-spathulate, 2. 6 - 3. 1 cm long,
4. 5- 5. 5 mm w ide, usually somewhat tw isted, ob-
tuse-acute at apex , recurved- and st rongly undu-
late-margined, with a basal claw 5 - 6 mm long ;
petals much shor ter than sepals, linear , 1. 3 -
1. 7 cm long, 1. 5- 2. 5 mm w ide, obtuse at apex ,
slight ly narrow ed tow ard the base; lip much smal-
ler , 3-lobed, with a basal sac; side-lobes erect ,
o vate-lanceolate, 1. 5 - 2 mm long; mid-lobe re-
curr ed, ca 2 mm long , sem iglobose-saccate on the
upper half , with three ridges tow ard the base; the
basal sac short ly conical, 2 mm long and w ide,
unornamented, w ith a pair of subsquare-lamel late
calli ca 1. 5 mm long betw een the f ront edges of the
side-lobes and the base of the m id-lobe, ex tending
downwards to the sac; column stout . 3. 5 - 4 mm
long , erect , w ithout a fo ot .
Phenology: Flowering f rom April to M ay in
our nursery.
Distribution: China, Yunnan(云南) , Wenshan
County (文山县 ) , bo rdering M aguan County ( 马
关) , alt . 500- 800 m , on tree t runks or rocks along
a valley.
Notes : T his new species is akin to Renanther a
imschootiana Ro lfe, f rom which it differs by having
much thickly but narrow er leaves, nar row er lateral
sepals which is yellow ish and sparsely spot ted w ith
purple-red, and a m id-lobe of the lip semig lobose-
saccate on the upper half .
Acknowledgment: We thank to M iss L . J. Chen for the
pr epar ation of the illust rat ion.
Ref erence:
[ 1 ]　T si Z H. Flor a Reipublicae Popular is Sinicae [ M ] .
Beijing: Science P ress, 1999, 19: 291 294.
39　第 1 期　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　刘仲健等:云南兰科一新种——中华火焰兰