Abstract:Distribution,resource,population structure and community character of rare and endangered species Parakmeria lotungensis were investigated.The results showed that P.lotungensis had a sporadic distribution among tropical and subtropical forests between 18°44’-29°24’N,107°50’-119°09’E,with a total population of less than 15000 individuals among which less than 2500 were mature individuals.Habitat fragmentation and biological and ecologi-cal characteristics of P.lotungensis were important factors for population regeneration.Human destruction was most direct factor contributing to the rapid reduction of the population.Protection strategies of P.lotungensis are discussed.