摘 要 ：研究了茶的4个变种和广东野生毛叶茶等共12个材料的核型。所有材料的染色体数目均是2n=30,为二倍体。所有中国大叶变种(越南大叶除外)(Cametlia sinensis var. macrophylla)和阿萨姆大叶变种(C. sinensis var. assamica)均具比较对称或原始的“2A”核型;中国小叶变种(C.sinensis var.bohea)(“铁观音”品种除外),掸部变种(C.sinensis var. shan form)和广东野生毛叶茶(C. ptilophylla)均具较不对称或较进化的“2B”核型。根据核型特征,植物习性和地理分布,作者认为中国四川和云南可能是茶的起源中心,向东或北迁移,演变为中国小叶变种;向南移则演变为阿萨姆变种和掸部变种。
Abstract:The authors studied the karyotypes of 12 samples of tea plants belonging to 4 varieties of Camellia sinensis and C.PtilophylIa. All these materials are found to be diploid with 2n=30. All the karyotypes of the forms belonging to C.sinensis vat. macrophylla(except a form introduced from Vietnam)are more or less symmetrical and fall into "2A" type. Two forms of C.sinensis var.bohea(except the well-known form Iron Bothisativa in this variety), var. shan form and C.ptilophylla, all have asymmetrical or more advanced "2B" karyotype.Based on analyses of the karyotypes,morphological characters and geographical distribution, the authors suggest that Sichuanand Yunnan Provinces might be the original center of tea,and the progenies migrated or were introduced northwards and southwards, and from them the varieties bohea, assamiea and shan form have been derived respectively