Abstract:The chromosome numbers of five species of precious rare and endangered plants are reported as follows:1. Amygdalus mongolia (Maxim) Yu 2n=16; 2. Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebe 2n=32; 3. Magnolia amena Cheng 2n=38; 4. Davidia involucrata var. vilmoriniana (Dode) Wanger 2n=42; 5. Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim 2n=22. Among them, chromosome numbers of M. amena, D. involcrata var. vilmoriniana are reported here for the first time. They are important genetic resources of China. The results will provide cytological information for their conservation, utilization and development.