以目前我国科研育种和生产中84份骨干自交系为材料，采用2种不同的干旱胁迫处理，依据成熟期产量和产量构成因素的表现剖析其抗旱性，发现我国玉米自交系存在着丰富多样的抗旱类型及抗旱丰产类型，它们是我国玉米抗旱育种的重要种质资源；抗旱性分析发现, 产量构成因素的抗旱性存在着较大差异，有些材料表现生育中、后期均抗旱，有些材料只在某一个生育时期表现较强的抗旱性；抗旱丰产性分析发现，产量构成因素的抗旱指数同样存在着较大的差异，有些材料穗粒数、百粒重抗旱指数均较高，有些材料穗粒数抗旱指数较高，还有些材料百粒重抗旱指数较高，表明不同的玉米能够以不同的途径实现抗旱丰产。
Drought is one of the important factors affecting the yield stability of maize (Zea mays L.) in China and some other areas in the world. In order to provide materials and academic basis for maize drought resistance breeding, 84 elite main inbred lines were grown at Hainan and Gansu provinces in China in 2002 and 2003. Two levels of drought treatment were imposed, well-watered and water-stressed. Experiments were arranged in a complete random block design with three replications. Each genotype was grown in one row of 10 plants, 3 m long and 0.67 m apart. The drought resistance of the materials was evaluated according to drought coefficient and drought index. Based on the drought coefficient, 12 genotypes, S22, Zheng 22, Shen 5003, K10, Longkang 11, Hai 014, Chang 3, Ji 853, Shuang 741, Danhuang 02, Xi 502 and D978 were with high drought resistance; 15 genotypes, Ye 478, Ben 7884, Ye 8112, Dong 237, Tian 77, B73, Chang 72, Hai 1134, Wu 109, Yan 812, Nan 21-3, Q1261, Mo 113, Luyuan 92 and D892 were with medium drought resistance. Based on the drought index, eight genotypes, Zheng 22, K10, Chang 3, Ye 8001, Danhuang 02, K22, Xi 502 and D978 were with high drought resistance and high yield; 17 genotypes, Ye 478, Ji 444, Ben 7884, Huangyesi 3, Cheng 200B, Qi 319, Za C546, Tian 77, B73, Tie 7922, Chang 72, Dan 9064, Wu 109, Yan 812, K14, Ye 5237 and D863 were with medium drought resistance and high yield. The results showed that there existed inbred lines with different types of drought resistance and of high yield and drought resistance, which were the important germplasms for drought resistant breeding in China. Among the inbred lines some showed drought resistance in both middle and later period of growth, some only in one period. The high yield with high drought resistance was realized through different ways, some through higher index of kernel number and 100-kernel weight, some through higher index of kernel number and others through higher index of 100-kernel weight. It is possible to get elite cultivars with both high yield and high drought resistance by using different inbred lines above in the breeding for drought resistance.
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