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New Distributional Records of Two Monotypic Moss Genera Arthrocormus and Noguchiodendron in China

中国藓类植物两个新分布属——脆尖藓属和卷枝藓属



全 文 :中国藓类植物两个新分布属———脆尖藓属和卷枝藓属
马文章1ꎬ James R. SHEVOCK2∗
(1 中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室标本馆ꎬ 昆明  650201ꎻ
2 美国加利福利亚州科学院植物学部ꎬ 旧金山 加利福利亚  94118)
摘要: 报道和描述了花叶藓科 (Calymperaceae) 和平藓科 (Neckeraceae) 在中国的两个新分布属: 脆尖藓
属 (新拟名) (Arthrocormus Dozy & Molk. ) 和卷枝藓属 (新拟名) (Noguchiodendron T􀆰 N. Ninh & Pócs)ꎮ 脆
尖藓 (A􀆰 schimperi) 和球蒴卷枝藓 (N􀆰 sphaerocarpum) 分别为这两个单种属的模式种ꎬ 前者在热带亚洲及大
洋洲地区具有较广的分布ꎬ 后者目前仅报道于不丹、 印度、 尼泊尔和泰国ꎮ 这两种苔藓植物之所以被采集
者忽略的主要原因在于它们同一些常见种在外形上的高度相似ꎮ 呈圆锥状且极易破碎的叶尖是脆尖藓区别
于其他藓类的重要特征ꎬ 而干燥状态下营养枝末端强烈卷曲是卷枝藓属最显著的鉴别特征ꎮ
关键词: 新分布ꎻ 脆尖藓属ꎻ 卷枝藓属ꎻ 苔藓名录ꎻ 云南
中图分类号: Q 949              文献标志码: A              文章编号: 2095-0845(2015)04-389-07
New Distributional Records of Two Monotypic Moss Genera
Arthrocormus and Noguchiodendron in China
MA Wen ̄zhang1ꎬ James R. SHEVOCK2∗
(1 Herbariumꎬ Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asiaꎬ Kunming Institute of Botanyꎬ Chinese
Academy of Sciencesꎬ Kunming 650201ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2 Department of Botanyꎬ California Academy of Sciencesꎬ
55 Music Concourse Dr.ꎬ Golden Gate Parkꎬ San Franciscoꎬ California USA 94118)
Abstract: Two monotypic generaꎬ Arthrocormus Dozy & Molk. and Noguchiodendron T􀆰 N. Ninh & Pócs are reported
as new distributional records for China. Arthrocormus schimperi is widely distributed in tropical Asia and Oceaniaꎬ
while N􀆰 sphaerocarpum is previously reported from Bhutanꎬ Indiaꎬ Nepal and Thailand. Arthrocormus schimperi looks
like some Leucobryaceae species and N􀆰 sphaerocarpum resembles Homaliodendron spp. We speculate these are the
main reasons why they have been overlooked by collectors. The extremely brittle tips with a cylindrical appearance in
the upper portion of leaves make Arthrocormus very distinguishable in the fieldꎬ while the strongly curled branch in
dry condition is the most diagnostic feature of Noguchiodendron. Illustrations for both taxa reported are provided for
reference purposes.
Key words: New distributional recordsꎻ Arthrocormusꎻ Noguchiodendronꎻ Bryophyte inventoryꎻ Yunnan
  Mossꎬ liverwort and hornwort checklists have
been produced for China over the last two decades
(Piippoꎬ 1990ꎻ Redfearn et al.ꎬ 1996ꎻ Jia and Heꎬ
2013). With ongoing collection and inventoryꎬ new
distribution records were incorporated into the re ̄
cently completed eight volumes of the Moss Flora of
China (Wu et al.ꎬ 1999-2011). Neverthelessꎬ even
with these recent floristic worksꎬ much inventory
work remains in China. Yunnan Province has the
largest assemblage of bryophyte species in China.
New species and new records for Yunnan have been
described and reported in the past ten years ( She ̄
植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报  2015ꎬ 37 (4): 389~395
Plant Diversity and Resources                                    DOI: 10.7677 / ynzwyj201514130
∗ Author for correspondenceꎻ E ̄mail: Jshevock@calacademy􀆰 org
Received date: 2014-09-19ꎬ Accepted date: 2015-03-24
作者简介: 马文章 (1981-) 男ꎬ 助理研究员ꎬ 主要从事苔藓植物学研究ꎮ E ̄mail: mawenzhang@mail􀆰 kib􀆰 ac􀆰 cn
vockꎬ 2005ꎻ Enroth and Jiꎬ 2006ꎻ Shevock et al.ꎬ
2006ꎻ Long and Váňaꎬ 2007ꎻ Váňa and Longꎬ
2008ꎬ 2009ꎻ He et al.ꎬ 2009ꎻ Bednarek ̄Ochyra
and Ochyraꎬ 2010ꎻ Enroth et al.ꎬ 2010ꎻ Blom et
al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ Caparrós et al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ Shevock et al.ꎬ
2011ꎻ Peng and Zhuꎬ 2013ꎻ Ma et al.ꎬ 2014).
These discoveries had contributed to a better under ̄
standing of the bryoflora in China.
As part of the ongoing bryophyte inventory work
for Chinaꎬ two monotypic genera: Arthrocormus Dozy
& Molk. and Noguchiodendron T􀆰 N. Ninh & Pócs
are now documented as new for the country. Both
species are represented by voucher specimens col ̄
lected by the authors from several field expeditions
in Yunnan Province. The descriptionꎬ illustrations
and discussion for these two species are listed sepa ̄
rately as follows.
1  Arthrocormus schimperi (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy
& Molk.ꎬ Music Fr. Ined. Archip. Indici 76. 27. 1846.
[Calymperaceae]
Mielichhoferia schimperi Dozy & Molk.ꎬ Ann.
Sci. Nat. Bot. Sét. 3: 312. 1844.
Octoblepharum schimperi (Dozy & Molk) Mitt.
J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 10: 178. 1868.
Mielichhoferia trifaria Dozy & Molk. Bryol. Jav.
1: 25. 1855ꎬ nom. nud. in synon.
Leucophanes trifaria Hampe in Dozy & Molk.ꎬ
Bryol. Jav. 1: 25. 1855ꎬ nom. nud. in synon.
Arthrocormus thraustus C. Müll. in Par.ꎬ Ind.
Bryol. Suppl. 16. 1900ꎬ nom. nud. in synon.
Illustrations: Fig􀆰 1ꎬ see also Eddy 1989 ( p.
34)ꎻ Enroth 1990 (p. 107)ꎻ Whittier 1976 (p. 110).
Description: Plant medium sizedꎬ 1􀆰 5-3􀆰 5 cm
highꎬ whitish pale green. Stems usually not branchedꎬ
Fig􀆰 1  Arthrocormus schimperi (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk. A. Broken leafꎻ B. Cells at basal sheathꎻ C. Cross sections in the upper
middle of leaf. Scale: a= 0􀆰 5 mm (for A)ꎻ b= 50 μm (for B-C) (Drawn from Ma 12-3477ꎬ KUN) (Drawn by W􀆰 Z. Ma)
093                                  植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报                            第 37卷
epi ̄gametophytic plants common. Leaves ranked in 3
rowsꎬ rigidꎬ up to 8 mm longꎬ 0􀆰 5-0􀆰 8 mm wideꎬ
oblanceolateꎬ upper parts of lamina cylindrical and
subulateꎬ gradually narrowing into an acute apexꎬ
which composed entirely of the hyaline leucocystsꎬ
very fragileꎻ leaf base keeled. Chlorocysts of the cos ̄
ta polygonal in cross ̄sectionꎬ in one layer at baseꎬ
in two layers in middle and finally in three layers
further upꎬ superficial ones covered by a hyalocyst
layer one cell in thickness. Hyaline lamina confined
to the sheathing base of the leafꎬ cells mostly rectan ̄
gularꎬ thin ̄walledꎬ marginal ones narrowꎬ linear in
3 - 4 rows. Dioicous. Female gametoecia terminal.
Perichaetial leaves smallꎬ narrowly lanceolateꎬ pa ̄
raphyses filiformꎬ hyalineꎬ short.
Sporophyte not seen.
Gemmae clavate or fusiformꎬ often present at tips
of unbroken leaves.
Distribution: Australiaꎬ Cambodiaꎬ Fijiꎬ Indo ̄
nesiaꎬ Malaysiaꎬ New Guineaꎬ Philippinesꎬ Samoaꎬ
Singaporeꎬ Sri Lanka. New for China.
Specimens examined: CHINA: Yunnanꎬ Hek ̄
ou County: Nanxi Zhenꎬ Shabachongꎬ on decaying
wood in seasonal rain forestꎬ 535 mꎬ 22°38′50″ Nꎬ
103°50′52″ Eꎬ 6 May 2012ꎬ Ma 12-3477 (CASꎬ
KUN).
Discussion: Records show that Arthrocormus
schimperi has a very wide distribution throughout
Southeast Asia and Oceaniaꎬ and further expands in ̄
to tropical Pacific islands such as Fiji and Samoa
(Whittierꎬ 1976ꎻ Enrothꎬ 1990). This species dis ̄
covered in China represents the northern edge of its
distribution range. As the Chinese collecting site of
A􀆰 schimperi is only a few kilometers from the Sino ̄
Vietnamese borderꎬ theoreticallyꎬ it could also be
found in Vietnam or Laosꎬ although no literature has
reported this species to date.
The extreme fragility of the leaf ̄tips in Arthro ̄
cormusꎬ as suggested by Eddy (1989)ꎬ may be the
primary reason why A􀆰 schimperi has often been ig ̄
noredꎬ since most collectors would not consider the
broken leaf tips to become a quality herbarium speci ̄
men ( Fig􀆰 2). Thereforeꎬ it is not surprising that
this species is largely under ̄collected in tropical re ̄
gions. Besides the rigid leaves with broken tipsꎬ the
upper portion leaf in A􀆰 schimperi is cylindricalꎬ which
is the most unique feature observed in the field.
Fig􀆰 2  Plants of Arthrocormus schimperi (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk.
(Ma 12-3477ꎬ KUN) (Photo by F􀆰 Z. Shangguan)
When looking at the specimenꎬ A􀆰 schimperi is
easily mistaken for some species of Leucophanes or
Leucobryumꎬ this too may account for it being over ̄
looked. Howeverꎬ a comprehensive survey of uniden ̄
tified specimens of Calymperaceae and Leucobryace ̄
ae in KUN by the first author failed to locate any ad ̄
ditional records in China. Since most of the herbari ̄
um specimens were collected before the 2000sꎬ this
new record of Arthrocormus might be a result of re ̄
cent climate change that favors tropical species to
disperse towards the subtropical region.
1934期      MA and SHEVOCK: New Distributional Records of Two Monotypic Moss Genera Arthrocormus and 􀆺       
2   Noguchiodendron sphaerocarpum ( Noguchi)
T. N. Ninh & Pócsꎬ Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 27:
161. 1981. [Neckeraceae]
Homaliodendron sphaerocarpum Noguchiꎬ Fl. E.
Himalaya: p. 576ꎬ 1966.
Illustrations: Fig􀆰 3. See also Gangulee (1978:
1422)ꎬ and Noguchi (1966: 575) as Homalioden ̄
dron sphaerocarpum.
Description: Epiphyticꎬ dendroidꎬ large in sizeꎬ
4􀆰 1- 8􀆰 9 cm tallꎬ stolons long and creepingꎬ rhi ̄
zoids well developed and adhering tight to tree trunk.
Erect stem uni ̄( very rarely)ꎬ bi ̄ or tri ̄pinnately
branchedꎬ stipe 1􀆰 5-3􀆰 0 cm long. The upper part of
branching system is strongly recurved when dry.
Cross section of stem ellipticꎬ ca. 0􀆰 5-0􀆰 7 × 0􀆰 7-
0􀆰 9 mm in diameterꎬ central strand presentꎬ formed
by 10-17 cells of narrow lumen with thin yellowish
or light brownish cell wallsꎻ cortical cell 8-10 lay ̄
ersꎬ hexagonalꎬ cell walls strongly incrassateꎬ yel ̄
lowish brownꎻ medullary cells thin ̄walled. Stipe
leaves 0􀆰 9-1􀆰 0 × 1􀆰 4-2􀆰 0 mmꎬ broad ovate with a
round and apiculate tipꎬ appressed to stalkꎬ decur ̄
rent at baseꎬ cells linearꎬ 5􀆰 5-8􀆰 0 × 34-82 μmꎬ
cell walls incrassateꎬ porose. Stem leaves oblong ̄
ovate to ovateꎬ 1􀆰 2 - 1􀆰 6 mm wideꎬ 1􀆰 9 - 2􀆰 2 mm
longꎬ and horizontally expanded or erectꎬ longitudi ̄
nally plicate when dryꎬ apex obtuseꎬ serrulate from
the tip to 1 / 3 of leaf lengthꎬ teeth at the top are larger.
Fig􀆰 3  Noguchiodendron sphaerocarpum (Noguchi) T􀆰 N. Ninh & Pócs  A. Branch leafꎻ B. Stem leafꎻ C. Stipe leafꎻ D-G. Stem leaf cells
(D: Apicalꎻ E: Upper marginal leaf cellsꎻ F: Median leaf cellsꎻ G: Basal leaf cells)ꎻ H. Stipe leaf cellsꎻ I. Stipe cross section.
Scale: a= 1􀆰 0 mm (for A-C)ꎻ b= 100 μm (for D-G) (Drawn from Shevock & Ma 45359ꎬ CAS) (Drawn by W􀆰 Z. Ma)
293                                  植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报                            第 37卷
Leaf base decurrentꎬ curved inwardly at one side by
lateral leavesꎬ which appear asymmetricalꎬ leaf cells
smoothꎬ slightly incrassateꎬ subquadrate to rhomboid
at tipꎬ 8-10 × 14-20 μmꎬ and gradually become
longer towards baseꎬ 7-10 × 20-40 μm at middle
and 8-13 × 40-72 μm at base. Alar region consis ̄
ted of a group of rectangular cellsꎬ 7-13 × 17-25
μm in size. Costa singleꎬ stoutꎬ usually finely
forkedꎬ ending near the apex. Branch leaves ovateꎬ
0􀆰 54-0􀆰 60 × 0􀆰 78-0􀆰 90 mmꎬ appressed to erectꎻ
Leaf margins serrulato ̄dentate at tipꎬ becoming den ̄
tato ̄crenulate towards the middle of leaf.
Perichaetial leaves up to 2􀆰 5 mm longꎬ outer
leaves ovateꎬ appressedꎬ their apex spreadingꎬ elon ̄
gate ̄lingulateꎬ inner leaves erectꎬ from a wideꎬ ovate
base suddenly narrowed into a lanceolate to lingulate
with serrulate apex. Seta curvedꎬ short and thinꎬ
2􀆰 0- 2􀆰 7 mm longꎬ smoothꎬ yellowish brownꎬ and
become reddish brown at maturityꎻ capsule subglo ̄
boseꎬ straight or slightly inclinedꎬ 1􀆰 2-1􀆰 5 mm long
and 1􀆰 0-1􀆰 2 mm in diameter. Exothecial cells thin ̄
walledꎬ quadrate to hexagonalꎬ irregularly arrangedꎻ
annulus well differentiated. Peristome teeth doubleꎬ
linear ̄lanceolateꎬ coarsely papilloseꎬ especially to ̄
wards base. Operculum conicalꎬ 1􀆰 1-1􀆰 3 mm longꎬ
with a shortꎬ inclined rostrum. Calyptra cucullateꎬ
smooth. Spores sphericalꎬ 20 - 28 μm in diameterꎬ
slightly papillose. Flagelliform branches present at
the tip.
Distribution: Bhutanꎬ Indiaꎬ Nepalꎬ Thailand.
New for China.
Specimens examined: CHINA: Yunnanꎬ Bao ̄
shanꎬ Longyang District: Mangkuan Xiangꎬ Baihua ̄
ling Villageꎬ old road between Hanlong and Da ̄
luchang villagesꎬ 1 805 mꎬ 25°18′19″ Nꎬ 98°47′40″
Eꎬ 11 Oct 2007ꎬ Long & Shevock 37490 (Eꎬ CASꎬ
Hꎬ KUN)ꎻ along road between Yibansan and Zhang ̄
angfang forestry station sitesꎬ 2 200 mꎬ 4 Jul 2014ꎬ
Shevock & Ma 45359 ( BOLꎬ CASꎬ DRꎬ Eꎬ Hꎬ
KUNꎬ NYꎬ TAIE)ꎻ trail to Nanzhaigongfang Pass
between Huangzhu River and trailheadꎬ 2 350 mꎬ 8
Jul 2014ꎬ Shevock & Ma 45479 (CASꎬ CONNꎬ Hꎬ
HYOꎬ KRAMꎬ KUNꎬ MOꎬ PEꎬ SZGꎬ TNS)ꎻ Fu ̄
gong County: Lishadi Xiangꎬ Yaduo Villageꎬ east
slope of Gaoligongshanꎬ north bank of North Fork
Yamu Riverꎬ along road about 3 km above Shibali
Forestry Stationꎬ 2 735 mꎬ 27°10′18″ Nꎬ 98°46′16″
Eꎬ 6 Aug 2005ꎬ Long 34418 (CASꎬ Eꎬ Hꎬ KUN)ꎻ
Tengchong County: Qushi Zhenꎬ along the Tea ̄
Horse Ancient Trail towards Nanzhaigongfang Passꎬ
2 439 mꎬ 25°16′57″ Nꎬ 98°42′24″ Eꎬ 19 Mar 2014ꎬ
Ma 14- 5515 (CASꎬ KUN)ꎻ along the Tea ̄Horse
Ancient Trail towards Nanzhaigongfang Passꎬ 2 554
mꎬ 25°17′06″ Nꎬ 98°42′59″ Eꎬ 19 Mar 2014ꎬ Ma
14-5531 (CASꎬ KUN)ꎻ Yongde County: Wumu ̄
long Xiangꎬ Yinchangjie Villageꎬ along trail from
reservoir to Yinchangjie Forestry Stationꎬ 2 550 mꎬ
24°10′54″ Nꎬ 99°38′55″ Eꎬ 26 Sep 2014ꎬ Shevockꎬ
Ma & Yao 43546 (CASꎬ Hꎬ KUN).
Discussion
Homaliodendron sphaerocarpum Noguchi was first
described by Noguchi (1966). As additional materi ̄
al from Indiaꎬ Nepal and Thailand were examined by
Ninh and Pócsꎬ they separated this species from Ho ̄
maliodendron and established the new genus Nogu ̄
chiodendronꎬ based on the following features: cen ̄
tral strand present in stem (Fig􀆰 3I)ꎬ dry branches
recurved (Fig􀆰 4C)ꎬ capsule subglobose (Fig􀆰 4B)ꎬ
exthothecial cells not arranged in linesꎬ endostome
segments not keeledꎬ and annulus well differentiated.
As a Himalayan species extending eastward to
the Gaoligongshan Range and Nushan Rangeꎬ the
discovery of N􀆰 sphaerocarpum in Yunnan had been
expected by Ninh and Pócs (1981) based on other
species with similar distribution patterns. Several
specimens previously named as Penzigiella sp. and
Homaliodendron sp. in the field proved to be N􀆰 sph ̄
aerocarpum upon closer inspectionꎬ and we specu ̄
late that the deceptive appearance of N􀆰 sphaerocarpum
would be the main reason why it was overlooked by
collectors. In a dry conditionꎬ fronds of N􀆰 sphaeroc ̄
arpum are folded and curled into a circinate whorl
which resemble Penzigiella cordata (Hook et Harv.)
3934期      MA and SHEVOCK: New Distributional Records of Two Monotypic Moss Genera Arthrocormus and 􀆺       
M. Fleischer. When hydrated (Fig􀆰 4A)ꎬ N􀆰 sphaer ̄
ocarpum looks very similar to Homaliodendron scal ̄
pellifolium (Mitt.) M. Fleischer or H􀆰 montagneanum
(Müll. Hal.) M. Fleischer. It thus becomes under ̄
standable why N􀆰 sphaerocarpum is either under ̄col ̄
lected or overlooked in the fieldꎬ or is misidentified
later in the lab without careful examination under
the microscope. Not surprisinglyꎬ several individuals
of P􀆰 cordata and H􀆰 scalpellifolium were extracted
among N􀆰 sphaerocarpum voucher specimens cited
above.
The individuals of Noguchiodendron sphaerocarpum
discovered in Yunnanꎬ generally are smaller in size
as compared to the populations from Thailand accord ̄
ing to the description by Ninh and Pócs (1981). The
populations in western Yunnan share more similari ̄
ties with those that occur in the Himalayan region.
Howeverꎬ the porose walls near the costa in the bot ̄
tom part of stem leaves (Ninh and Pócs 1981) were
not observed in our collections. Soꎬ more specimens
are needed for a better understanding of this South ̄
east Asian endemic genus.
We have determined that it is not always easy to
recognize Noguchiodendron sphaerocarpum in the fieldꎬ
especially when a sporophyte is not available ( the
subglobose capsule with a slightly pendulous seta is
very diagnostic in this species). When the plants are
dryꎬ it could be easily taken as Penzigiella cordataꎬ
but N􀆰 sphaerocarpum has more appressed leaves
with a conspicuous apiculate apex as compared to the
abrupt leaf tips in P􀆰 cordata. Alsoꎬ in P􀆰 cordataꎬ the
main branch is prominent and often forming very
long or even pendent structures. When plants are
wetꎬ confusion with Homaliodendron scalpellifolium
Fig􀆰 4  Plant of Noguchiodendron sphaerocarpum (Noguchi) Ninh & Pócs (Shevock & Ma 45359ꎬ CAS).
A: wet plantꎻ B: capsules and setaeꎻ C: dry plant. (Photo by Aaron Yang and Codie Otte)
493                                  植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报                            第 37卷
seems inevitableꎻ the best way to tell them apart is
to check the leaves on secondary stems. The stem
leaves in H􀆰 scalpellifolium are large and spreadingꎬ
which covers about 1 /3 the length of the stem below
the lowest branching pointꎬ while the leaves on the
secondary stem of N􀆰 sphaerocarpum is more scale ̄like
and adhering on stem. In both situationsꎬ a hand lens
will be of great importance in telling them apart.
Acknowledgments: Dr. Johannes Enroth from University of
Helsinki is thanked for his identification and confirmation of
Noguchiodendron sphaerocarpum specimens. Special thanks
are given to the Forest Department of Yunnan Province for
permitting our field work in the National Nature Reserves. The
administrative staffs and forest guides from Daweishanꎬ Gaoli ̄
gongshan and Yongde Daxueshan are appreciated for their
help during the field work.
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5934期      MA and SHEVOCK: New Distributional Records of Two Monotypic Moss Genera Arthrocormus and 􀆺