全 文 :怒江石豆兰ꎬ 中国兰科一新种∗
金伟涛1ꎬ 施晓春2ꎬ 金效华1∗∗
(1 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化国家重点实验室和标本馆ꎬ 北京 100093ꎻ
2 高黎贡山自然保护区管理局ꎬ 云南 隆阳 678000)
摘要: 在野外和标本研究的基础上ꎬ 描述了中国兰科石豆兰属的一新种ꎬ 怒江石豆兰ꎬ 并提供彩色图片和
线条图ꎮ 怒江石豆兰与大苞石豆兰很近ꎬ 但这两个种在花的颜色、 侧萼片合生程度、 花瓣形状等性状上区
别明显ꎮ
关键词: 怒江石豆兰ꎻ 新种ꎻ 中国ꎻ 云南ꎻ 贡山
中图分类号: Q 949 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 2095-0845(2014)02-157-04
Bulbophyllum nujiangense (Bulbophyllinaeꎬ Epidendroideaeꎬ
Orchidaceae)ꎬ a New Species from Yunnanꎬ China
JIN Wei ̄Tao1ꎬ SHI Xiao ̄Chun2ꎬ JIN Xiao ̄Hua1∗∗
(1 Key State Lab of Systematics and Evolution Botany & Herbariumꎬ Institute of Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ
Beijing 100093ꎬ Chinaꎻ 2 Administrative Bureau of Gaoligongshan Natural Reserveꎬ Longyang 678000ꎬ China)
Abstract: Based on field observation and specimen examinationꎬ a new species of Orchidaceaeꎬ Bulbophyllum nu ̄
jiangenseꎬ is described and illustrated. Bulbophyllum nujiangense is closely related to B. cylindraceum in sect. Brach ̄
ystachya in having tufted plantsꎬ large leafꎬ long inflorescenceꎬ small flowers in racemeꎬ and fleshy lipꎬ but can be
easily distinguished from the latter in having flowers deep purplish red and whorl well spaced along the rachisꎬ lateral
sepals adhere to each other slightly at baseꎬ elliptic petals with obtuse and mucronate apexꎬ lip deep purplish red.
Key words: Bulbophyllum nujiangenseꎻ Chinaꎻ Gongshan Countyꎻ new speciesꎻ Yunnan
The genusꎬ Bulbophyllum Thouars (1822: 3)ꎬ
is among three largest genera in orchidsꎬ consisting a ̄
bout 1900 species and widely extending from Africaꎬ
Madagascarꎬ Mainland Asia to Australasia (Lindleyꎬ
1830ꎻ Pearce and Cribbꎬ 2002ꎻ Seidenfadenꎬ 1979ꎬ
1992ꎻ Chen et al.ꎬ 2009). There are about 100 spe ̄
cies in Chinaꎬ out of which 33 are endemic in China
(Tsiꎬ 1999ꎻ Chen et al.ꎬ 2009). During our field ̄
work in Gongshan Countyꎬ Eastern Himalayasꎬ a new
species of Bulbophyllum described below was found.
Bulbophyllum nujiangense X H. Jin & W T.
Jinꎬ sp nov. (Figures 1ꎬ 2)
Haec species nova ad B cylindraceo affinisꎬ sed
lateralibus sepalis leviter adhaerentibus basiꎬ petalis
elliptico obtusis mucronato apecibusꎬ labio purpureo
versus differt.
Holotype: CHINAꎬ Yunnan Provinceꎬ Gong ̄
shan Countyꎬ Cikaiꎬ broadleaf evergreen forestꎬ
1 300-1 500 mꎬ 13 January 2012ꎬ Xiaohua Jin 12051
(PE!).
植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 2014ꎬ 36 (2): 157~160
Plant Diversity and Resources DOI: 10.7677 / ynzwyj201413115
∗
∗∗
Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31107176) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of
Sciences (KSCX2 ̄EW ̄Z ̄1) and International Cooperation Program of Bureau of International cooperation of Chinese Academy of
Sciences (GJHZ1140)
Author for correspondenceꎻ E ̄mail: xiaohuajin@ibcas ac cn
Received date: 2013-05-21ꎬ Accepted date: 2013-07-15
作者简介: 金伟涛 (1986-) 男ꎬ 硕士研究生ꎬ 主要从事分类学研究ꎮ
Fig 1 Bulbophyllum nujiangense
A. Plantꎻ B. Part of inflorescenceꎻ C. Bractꎻ D. Sepals and petalsꎻ E. Lateral view of pedicelꎬ ovaryꎬ lipꎬ columnꎻ F. Longitudinal
section of pedicelꎬ ovaryꎬ lipꎬ columnꎻ G. Columnꎬ viewed from topꎻ H. Adaxial and abaxial sides of Lipꎻ I. Front view
of columnꎻ J. Adaxial and abaxial sides of anther capꎻ K. Pollinia
851 植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 第 36卷
Fig 2 Habit of Bulbophyllum nujiangense A. Whole plantsꎻ B. Close ̄up of flowers
Paratype: CHINAꎬ Yunnan Provinceꎬ Gongs ̄
han Countyꎬ Dulongjiangꎬ Makuꎬ evergreen forestꎬ
1 400 mꎬ 07 November 2008ꎬ Xiaohua Jin 9500
(PE!).
Rhizome stoutꎬ ca. 5 mm in diam.ꎬ creepingꎬ
densly with many roots. Pseudobulbs greatly reducedꎬ
relatively small compared to leafꎬ without obvious
difference with rhizomeꎬ 0 5 - 1 5 cm apart from
each other along the rhizome. Leaf one on each
pseudobulbꎬ ca. 12-20 × 2-3 5 cmꎬ erectꎬ leatheryꎬ
fleshyꎬ oblong ̄ellipticꎬ acute. Petiole 10-13 cm. In ̄
florescences arising from the node of rhizomeꎬ erectꎬ
ca. 25 cmꎻ 2- 3 tubular sheaths at base of scapeꎬ
1 2-2 5 cm longꎬ one spathe ̄like involucre sheath ̄
ing at lower ̄middle of scapeꎬ ca. 1 8 cm longꎻ rachis
ca. 8 cm longꎬ pendulousꎬ sparsely with flowers.
Floral bracts 6-6 5 × 2-2 5 mmꎬ elliptic to lanceo ̄
lateꎬ acuminateꎬ longer than ovary and pedicelꎬ ap ̄
pressed to ovary and dorsal sepalꎬ 3 ̄veined. Ovary
and pedicel ca. 2 5 mm longꎬ ovary obconical.
Flowers and bracts deep purpleꎬ column greenꎻ dor ̄
sal sepal ca. 4 5 × 3 5 mmꎬ fleshyꎬ ovate ̄triangularꎬ
acuminateꎬ 3 ̄veinedꎻ lateral sepals ca. 4 5 × 3 mmꎬ
fleshyꎬ obliquely ovateꎬ apex obtuse or subacuteꎬ
base lower edges slightly connateꎬ 3 ̄veinedꎻ petals
ca. 2 × 1 2 mmꎬ much smaller than sepalsꎬ thin tex ̄
tureꎬ oblongꎬ obtuseꎬ mucronate at apexꎬ 1 ̄veinedꎻ
lip ca. 3 × 2 5 mmꎬ ovateꎬ fleshy and thickenedꎬ
lingulateꎬ densely papillose adaxiallyꎬ deflexedꎬ
deeply grooved abaxiallyꎬ apex bluntꎻ column stoutꎬ
0 6 mmꎬ spreadingꎬ with a bidentate stelidium on
each sideꎬ spreadingꎬ upper dentate much more de ̄
veloped than lower oneꎻ column foot ca. 2 mm longꎻ
anther cap nearly squareꎬ spreadingꎬ apex truncateꎻ
pollinia 4 in two pairꎬ inner slightly less than 1 / 2 as
large as outerꎬ two smaller inner ones connate at
9512期 JIN Wei ̄Tao et al.: Bulbophyllum nujiangense (Bulbophyllinaeꎬ Epidendroideaeꎬ Orchidaceae)
base like a “V ̄shaped”ꎻ rostellum obtuseꎬ sprea ̄
ding. Fl. Nov. to January.
Etymology: The specific name refers to the lo ̄
cality where the species is foundꎬ “ Nujiang River
(Salween).”
Distribution and Habitat: Two populations
have been discovered in humid evergreen forest in
Gongshan Countyꎬ epiphytic on trunk along the river
in the shady and humid forest with elevation 1 300
- 1 500 m in Gongshan Countyꎬ Yunnanꎬ China.
One is discovered along the bank of Salweenꎬ the
other is along the Dulongjiang.
This new species belongs to sect. Brachystachya
Bentham & J D. Hooker ( 1883: 504)ꎬ which is
characterized by greatly reduced pseudobulb with
one leaf and raceme. There are about 65 species in
this sectionꎬ out of which three to four species occur
in China (Chen et al.ꎬ 2009ꎻ Tsiꎬ 1999).
Bulbophyllum nujiangense is closely related to
B cylindraceum Lindl.ꎬ but can be easily distin ̄
guished from the latter in having flowers deep pur ̄
plish red and whorl well spaced along the rachis
(flowers densely in B cylindraceum)ꎬ lateral sepals
adhere to each other slightly at base ( lateral sepals
adhere nearly to the tips in B cylindraceum)ꎬ oblong
petals with obtuse and mucronulate apex ( petals
ovate ̄lanceolate and acuminate in B cylindraceum)ꎬ
lip deep purplish red ( deep purple nearly black in
B cylindraceum).
Conservation status: During our fieldworkꎬ
two populations of about 200 plants of the new spe ̄
cies were discovered. Until nowꎬ no specimen of this
species has been found in Eꎬ Kꎬ KUN and PE. Al ̄
though the habitat of Bulbophyllum nujiangense is
typical vegetation along the Salweenꎬ howeverꎬ most
of this evergreen broadleaf forest ranging from 800-
2 000 m were severely destroyed due to the develop ̄
ment of agriculture and road construction. Thereforeꎬ
we consider it as endangered (IUCNꎬ 2001) due to
the decline of habitat.
Acknowledgments: We thank Zhu YX for his excellent line
drawings.
References:
Chen XQꎬ Gale SWꎬ Cribb PJꎬ 2009. Bulbophyllum Thou [A]. In:
Wu ZYꎬ Raven PHꎬ Hong DY (eds.)ꎬ Flora of Chinaꎬ Vol 25
[M]. Beijing: Science Pressꎻ Saint Louis: Missouri Botanical
Garden Pressꎬ 404—440
IUCNꎬ 2001. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteriaꎬ Version 3 1
[M]. IUCN Species Survival Commissionꎬ Glandꎬ Switzerland
and Cambridgeꎬ U. K
King Gꎬ Pantling Rꎬ 1898. The orchids of sikkim ̄himalaya [J] . An ̄
nals of The Royal Botanic Gardenꎬ Calcuttaꎬ 8: 70—71
Lindley Jꎬ 1830. The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants. Part
1. Malaxideae [M]. London: Ridgways Piccadillyꎬ 94
Pearce NRꎬ Cribb PJꎬ 2002. The Orchids of Bhutan [ M]. Edin ̄
burgh: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburghꎬ 643
Seidenfaden Gꎬ 1979. Orchid genera in thailand VIII Bulbophyllum
[J] . Thou Dansk Botanisk Arkivꎬ 33: 80—82
Seidenfaden Gꎬ 1992. The orchids of Indochina [ J] . Opera Botani ̄
caꎬ 114: 448—450
Tsi ZHꎬ 1999. Bulbophyllum Thou [A]. In: Tsi ZH ( ed.)ꎬ Flora
Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae Tomusꎬ Vol 19 [M]. Beijing: Sci ̄
ence Pressꎬ 164—257 (in Chinese)
061 植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 第 36卷