摘 要 ：中国经过遗传改良的重要造林树种有100多种，全国年均提供各类林木种子2300多万kg，各类良种壮苗超过130亿株。林木良种在生产上应用产生了明显的综合增益，其中用材林平均生长增益达10%～30%，经济林平均产量增益达15%～68%。中国每年进口林木种子150000 kg以上，涉及50多个树种；每年出口林木种子300000 kg 和苗木400多种。近10年来，中国林木遗传资源的可持续经营和利用已取得了明显的进步，但与一些发达国家相比还存在一定差距。今后，应优先考虑对已保存的林木遗传资源的维护和资金补贴，加强种苗市场监管和信息服务，进一步提高林木良种的基地供种率和良种使用率。
Abstract:Genetic improvement programs have been carried out for more than 100 forest tree species in China. China produces an average of 23 million kg seeds of various tree species and more than 13 billion qualified young plant stocks. Significant gains have been achieved due to the use of genetically improved plant materials in plantations, achieving an average growth gain of 10-30% for timber trees and an average yield gain of 15-68% for fruit trees. China imports more than 150,000 kg tree seeds annually, involving more than 50 species; and exports 300,000 kg tree seeds and plant stocks of over 400 species annually. In the past 10 years, China has made significant progress in sustainable management and utilization of FGR, future priority should be given to the maintenance and capital subsidy to the conserved FGR, strengthening supervision of seed market and information services, and further enhancing the supply and use of genetically improved seeds.