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期 刊 ：植物遗传资源学报 2015年 16卷 2期

关键词：棉花；综合群体；主成分分析；分子标记；遗传多样性；

Keywords:Cotton, Comprehensive population, principal component analysis, Molecular marker, Genetic diversity,

摘 要 ：以15个长江流域棉花杂交种为基础材料，花粉混合互交构建了综合群体，从中选育出29个棉花品系。通过田间试验对12个主要性状进行考察，衍生品系间霜前花率的变异最大，籽棉产量及构成因素次之，纤维品质性状的变异最小。主成分分析表明，纤维品质、产量及构成因素、霜前花率、衣分和株高等前5个主成分，对变异方差的贡献率分别为24.31%、19.67%、13.29%、10.81%、9.09%。基于SSR的分子标记差异，绝大多数衍生品系聚在一类，遗传差异较小，明显区别于黄河流域棉花品种。

Abstract:A comprehensive population was built by 15 cotton hybrids from Yangtze Rive basin through mixed polen pollination. 29 elite lines were derived by conventional selection in breeding nursery. The percentage of seed-cotton yield before frost showed the greatest variation among 12 investigated traits in field experiment, and then the seed-cotton yield and yield components, but there was little variation in fiber quality traits. The first 5 principal components were fiber quality, seed-cotton yield and and its components, maturity, lint percentage, and plant height with the contribution rate of 24.31%、19.67%、13.29%、10.81%、9.09% respectively by principal component analysis. Majority elite lines were clustered in the same group based on SSR molecular markers, which was distinguished from the varieties from Yellow River basin, showing narrow genetic background.

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