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期 刊 ：植物遗传资源学报 2014年 15卷 5期

关键词：杂交粳稻；千粒重；产量；稻米品质；相关性；

Keywords:Japonica hybrid rice, 1000-grain weight, yield, grain quality, correlation,

摘 要 ：为了探明杂交粳稻及其亲本千粒重与产量、品质的关系，以4个千粒重介于23.1-28.0 g之间的BT型不育系和24个千粒重介于18.1-32.0 g之间的三系粳稻恢复系，采用p×q不完全双列杂交（NCⅡ）设计，配制96个杂交组合为试验材料，对杂种一代千粒重的优势表现、杂种一代千粒重与亲本千粒重及其与产量、品质性状间的相关性进行分析，确定高产优质兼顾的杂交粳稻的千粒重范围。结果表明：⑴56.3%的杂交组合千粒重超过其双亲平均值，19.8%的杂交组合千粒重表现正向超亲优势；⑵杂种一代千粒重与母本千粒重、父本千粒重、双亲千粒重平均值的相关性均达极显著水平（r=0.33**、0.71**、0.78**），且恢复系千粒重对杂种的影响大于不育系；⑶杂种一代千粒重、父本千粒重及双亲千粒重平均值与组合单株产量的相关性均达极显著水平（r=0.55**、0.47**、0.51**）；母本千粒重与组合单株产量相关不显著；⑷杂种一代千粒重、父本千粒重与糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、粒长、粒宽均呈极显著正相关，与透明度呈显著正相关；母本千粒重与垩白粒率、垩白度、粒长均呈极显著正相关，与粒宽呈显著正相关；⑸杂交粳稻育种中具有高产优质兼顾的杂种一代千粒重范围应在25.1-27.0 g之间。

Abstract:The study was aimed to prove up the relationship of 1000-grain weight with yield and quality in japonica hybrid rice. 4 BT-type CMS lines and 24 three-line japonica restorer lines with major difference in 1000-grain weight were crossed in p×q incomplete diallele design to study heterosis of 1000-grain weight in F1 hybrids and the correlations between 1000-grain weight of hybrids and their parents with yield and quality. The results were as follow:⑴56.3% of combinations tested had heterosis over their parents mean in 1000-grain weight, and 19.8% of combinations tested had positive super-parent heterosis. ⑵ The correlations of female, male parents and average of parents with F1 hybrids were very significantly correlated in 1000-grain weight（r=0.33**,0.71**,0.78**）. 1000-grain weight character was more greatly influenced by restorer line than by CMS line.⑶1000-grain weight of F1 hybrids, male parents and average of parents had high significant positive correlation with yield per plant of F1 hybrids（r=0.55**,0.47**,0.51**）. The correlation between 1000-grain weight of female parents and yield per plant of F1 hybrids was not significant.⑷1000-grain weight of F1 hybrids and their male parents had high significant positive correlation with brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head milled rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalkiness, grain length and grain width. They had significant positive correlation with endosperm translucency. 1000-grain weight of female parents had high significant positive correlation with chalky grain rate, chalkiness, grain length. It had significant positive correlation with grain width. ⑸The range of 1000-grain weight of hybrid Japonica with high quality and yield was 25.1 g-27.0 g.

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