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Steroidal saponins and their pharmacological activities in Solanum plants

茄属植物甾体皂苷成分及其药理活性研究进展



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Vol41,No.6 March,2016
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SteroidalsaponinsandtheirpharmacologicalactivitiesinSolanumplants
CHENFangfang,ZHANGYuwei,HUANGXuefeng
(DepartmentofNaturalMedicinalChemistry,ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity,Nanjing211198,China)
[Abstract] ThegenusSolanumwhichisthelargestgenusinSolanaceaeconsistsofmorethan2000species,mostofthemaredis
tributedintropicsandsubtropicsareas,andonlyasmalamountintemperateregionsthroughouttheworldSteroidalsaponinscouldbe
foundinmanyspeciesoftheSolanum,andtheyareanimportantgroupofnaturalproductsexhbitinganumberofpotentbeneficent
properties,suchasantitumor,antibacterial,antifungal,antiinflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,hypoglycemic,andantihyperlipi
demicefectsAssupplement,thispapergivesareviewofdiferentstructuralcategoriesofsteroidalsaponinsandtheirpharmacological
efectsfromthesolanumplantsoverthepastdecade,anditisintendedtoprovideapointofreferenceforfurtherresearchonsteroidal
saponinsinSolanumplants
[Keywords]Solanum;steroidalsaponins;pharmacologicalactivities
doi:10.4268/cjcmm20160602
  
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Table1 Traditionalmedicinalusesofsolanumplants
?W ‘,FJ iè ,i1X ^Þ
Solanumaculeastrum
éYF CD



Z¢ Ä
[5]
S.aculeatisimum
$% [ۆ

@A¢ î
[6]
S.anguivi
‰\‰9]FJ
 
¡ï

ÃÄ
,^
_`†


,^
ƒ„

bc

d¨ö
î

Ä
[78]
S.cathayanum
$%xF †Ç wa
[910]
S.chrysotrichum
eKf KgX1Dh

ij

k/



l˜ {
[11]
S.coagulans
$%Š9

4K

45 ª/

@A–ôë†

d¨ wa’î
[1213]
S.glabratum
m.no p:

q:

Î&

ÃÄ wa
[1415]
S.hispidum
eKf

rFso

hš KgX1Dh

ƒ„



l˜ {
[16]
S.incanum
‰,
s݉t‰

ßU¹t u†

<`† {

Ä
[17]
S.indicum
$%ƒv

wxö

y% ^†

ÃÄ

z{Q Ä
[18]
S.lycocarpum
|K B›1

ÁÆ1

B}1

B~1 Ä
[19]
S.lyratum
$%xF

{N



$9| QÇ

ñ»

˂

ª/

%† Fb1X
[20]
S.macaonense
$%45

4K

H9

ƒ„ †Ç Fb1X
[21]
S.nigrum
$%xF

…

F

†\ƒ-¿lï¿FJ
 


D‡ml



AS

Kgˆ‰Ç

¡
ïö
wa
[2223]
S.paniculatum
ᅥ,
E“é|Kï¿aÐ %

ŠÒtX

mïÇ Fb1X
[2426]
S.rosrtatum
$%

2†\ eQ

…Š¢

S¡»¢ Fb1X
[2729]
S.sisymbrifolium


$%ƒ45

‹{ ¡ï

ÁÆ1

§¨1

%

Œ î
[3032]
S.sodomaeum
ÁÂFmŽ KgQ

ԏÄÅQ

®ÄÅQö Ä
[33]
S.spirale  
$%ƒŠ9

wx

4K

‘9



’‰o

“”

y%

·9
ìí1

ÁÆ1

•–1

iÛ¢

Š— î

{

Ä
[3435]
S.suratense
$%ƒ‡1‘˜

hšöï¿FJ QÇ

†Ç Fb1X
[36]
S.torvum  
$%ƒŠ9

4K

45

ƒ„ö

ᅥ,
ï
¿hš

59Fö
 
B›1

þ©_1

§¡1

ÁÆ1

Š¨

9
:

;/ö
î

{

Ä
[3738]
S.trilobatum
hš QÇ

™<åö™1»¢ {
[39]
S.violaceum
ƒ„

y% ^†



z{QöQÇ wa

Ä
[18,40]
S.xanthocarpum

 
bc

ÅÆ¢

@A¢

ÃÄ

š¨




~›ö
wa
[4142]
2 
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ˆ‰Š‹$sB‡öƒŒŽd_=‹

E
10

˜ñ‰LM
Snigrum,
 K
Slyratum,
و
Smacaonese,
ª
ˆ
Storvum,
æˆ3
Ssuratense,Sviolaceum
ö
21
Š‹
$‘•=rƒŒŽBDŒœÊ­

±DŒœÊ­

Œ
œÊ­
、¯
0DŒœÊ­ì’“|d­

21 
DŒœÊd
 Yen
ö
[43]
˜
Sviolaceum
$‘•Vv$
_=‹
1,2¨ 10;Júnior
ö
[44]
˜
Spaniculatum
‘•Vv$
_=‹
3¨ 4;Lee
ö
[45]
˜
Storvum
‘•Vv$DŒŽ
5,
11~12,14~16;Lu
ö
[37]
˜
Storvum
‘•Vv$

DŒ
Ž
6,13;Chang
ö
[9]
˜
Sviolaceum
‘•=rDŒŽ~
7,24~25;Ohno
ö
[47]
˜
Sjasminoides
Fb1XƒàÊpq
‹ƒª×Ƌ$‘•=rŽ~
8,
¤O˜àÊpq‹$‘
•=r_=‹
9;Colmenares
ö
[48]
˜
Storvum
‘•=r


DŒŽ
17~19,22;
žÑŸö
[38]
˜ªˆ
Storvum
‘•=
r_=‹
20~21;Fero
ö
[30]
˜
Ssisymbrifolium
î$‘•=
r
23,
q
1,
Ü
2。
22 
±DŒœÊd
 Sun
ö
[20]
˜
Slyratum
‘•=

±
DŒŽ
26~29¨
 ¡Ž~
34;Farag
ö
[14]
˜
Sglabra
tum
‘•=r_=‹
30~32;Mahenina
ö
[17]
˜
Sheteracan
thum
¨
Sincanum
‘•Vv$
33
¨
35;Ono
ö
[4950]
˜
S
sodomaeum
‘•Vv$_=‹
35~37;Nakamura
ö
[19]
˜
S
lycocarpum
‘•=r_=‹
38~42;ElAasr
ö
[18]
˜
Sindi
cum
$‘•=r
43~44;
¢:{ö
[51]
˜S@‚
Scathaya
num
$!]‘•=r_=‹
46,59;Zhou
ö
[22]
˜
Snigrum
$‘•Vv$

±DŒŽ
47~49,59,70~72;Lee
ö
[21]
˜
Smacaonese
$‘•=r
50~56,60,64~69;Valadares
ö
[52]
˜
Spaniculatum
‘•=r

Ž~
58;Chou
ö
[53]
˜
Storvum
‘•Vv=r_=‹
60~62;Shu
ö
[54]
˜
S
torvum
‘•Vv$
63;Chang
ö
[46]
˜
Sviolaceum
‘•=r
±DŒŽ~
34,45,73~75;Ohno
ö
[47]
˜
Snigrum
£¤ƒ
¥Ä$‘•=r±DŒŽ
57,
q
2,
Ü
3。
·779·
2016
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Vol41,No.6 March,2016
q
1 
ˆ‰Š‹$‘•=rƒDŒŽ<^
Fig1 StructuresofspirostanolsaponinsfromSolanumplants
Ü
2 
ˆ‰Š‹$‘•=rƒDŒŽ
Table2 SpirostanolsaponinsfromSolanumplants
No
_=‹W¦ qPÔ
(R)
ì> ^Þ
1 yamogenin3OαLrhamnopyranosyl(1→2)βDglucopyranoside R1=Oglc2rhaR2=H Solanumviolaceum [43]
2 3Ochacotriosyl25(S)spirost5en3βol R1=Oglc2(rha)4rhaR2=H S.violaceum [43]
3 diosgenin3OβDglucopyranosyl(1→6)OβDglucopyranoside R1=Oglc6glcR2=H S.paniculatum [44]
4 diosgeninβDglucopyranoside R1=OglcR2=H S.paniculatum [44]
5  3O{αLrhamnopyranosyl(1→4)[αLrhamnopyranosyl(1→2)]
βDglucopyranosyl}25(S)spirost5en3βol
R1=Oglc2(rha)4rhaR2=H S.torvum [45]
6 torvosideM R1=Oglc6glcR2=H S.torvum [37]
7 yamogenin R1=OHR2=H S.violaceum [46]
8 (22R,25S)3β,15αdihydroxyspirost5ene R1=OHR2=OH S.nigrum [47]
9 jasminosideA R1=Oglc4glc4glcR2=Orha S.jasminoides [47]
10 indiosideI R1=Oglc2(rha)4rhaR2=R3=H S.violaceum [43]
11 torvosideQ R1=OHR2=Oqui3rhaR3=O S.torvum [45]
12 paniculoninB R1=OHR2=Oqui3rhaR3=αOH S.torvum [45]
13 torvosideN R1=Oglc6glcR2=OHR3=H S.torvum [37]
14 neochlorogenin6O[αLrhamnopyranosyl(1→3)βDquinovopyranoside] R1=OHR2=Oqui3rhaR3=H S.torvum [45]
15 neochlorogenin6O[βDxylopyranosyl(1→3)βDquinovopyranoside R1=OHR2=Oqui3xylR3=H S.torvum [45]
16 6αOβDquinovopyranosyl(25S)5αspirostan3βol R1=OHR2=OquiR3=H S.torvum [45]
17 (25S)3βhydroxy5αspirostan6αylOβDxylopyranoside R1=OHR2=OxylR3=H S.torvum [48]
18 (25S)3oxo5αspirostan6αylOβDxylopyranoside R1==OR2=OxylR3=H S.torvum [48]
19 (25S)3βhydroxy5αspirostan6αylOβDglucopyranoside R1=OHR2=OglcR3=H S.torvum [48]
20 solagenin6O(βDquinovopyranoside) R1==OR2=OquiR3=H S.torvum [38]
21  (25S)6αhydroxy5αspirostan3one6O[αLrhamnopyranosyl(1→3)
βDquinovopyranoside]
R1=OR2=Oqui3rhaR3=H S.torvum [38]
22 (25S)3β,27dihydroxy5αspirostan6αylOβDglucopyranoside R1=Oglc S.torvum [48]
23 isonuatigenin3Oβsolatriose R1=Ogal2(rha)3glc S.sisymbrifolium [30]
24 indiosideO S.violaceum [46]
25 (25S)neospirost4en3one S.violaceum [46]
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2 
ˆ‰Š‹$‘•=rƒ±DŒŽ<^
Fig2 StructuresofisospirostanolsaponinsfromSolanumplants
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3 
ˆ‰Š‹$‘•=rƒ±DŒŽ
Table3 IsospirostanolsaponinsfromSolanumplants
No
W¦ qPÔ
(R)
ì> ^Þ
26 diosgenin3OβDglucoyranosiduronicacidmethylester R1=OGlcUAMethylester R2=R3=R4=H Solanumlyratum [20]
27 diosgenin3OβDglucopyranosiduronicacid R1=OGlcUA R2=R3=R4=H S.lyratum [20]
28  diosgenin3OαLrhamnopyranosyl(1→2)βDgluco
pyranosiduronicacid
R1=OGlcUA2rha R2=R3=R4=H S.lyratum [20]
29  diosgenin3OαLrhamnopyranosyl(1→2)βDglucu
roniduronicacidmethylester
R1=OGlcUAMethylester2rha R2=R3=R4=H S.lyratum [20]
30  (25R)spirost5en3ol3OαLrhamnopyranosyl(1→
2)O[βDglucopyranosyl(1→3)]βDgalactopyranoside
R1=Ogal2(rha)3glc R2=R3=R4=H S.glabratum [14]
31  23βDglucopyranosyl(23S,25R)spirost5en3,23diol
3OαLrhamnopyranosyl(1→2)O[αLrhamnopyrano
syl(1→4)]βDglucopyranoside
R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha R2=R3=HR4=Oglc S.glabratum [14]
32  (23S,25R)spirost5en3,23diol3OαLrhamnopyr
anosyl(1→2)O[αLrhamnopyranosyl(1→4)]βD
glucopyranoside
R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha R2=R3=HR4=OH S.glabratum [14]
33  (23S,25R)spirost5en3β,23diol3O{βDxylopyr
anosyl(1→2)OαLrhamnopyranosyl(1→4)[OαLrh
amnopyranosyl(1→2)]βDglucopyranoside}
R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha2xyl R2=R3=HR4=OH S.heteracanthum
S.incanum
[17]
34 diosgenin R1=R2=R3=R4=H
S.lyratum
S.violaceum
[20,46]
35 dioscin R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha R2=R3=R4=H S.heteracanthum
S.incanum
S.sodomaeum
[17,49]
36 solasodosideA R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha2xyl R2=R4=HR3=OMe S.sodomaeum [4950]
37 diosgenin3Oβsolatrioside R1=Ogal2(rha)3glc R2=R3=R4=H S.sodomaeum [49]
38 lyconosideIa R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha R2=OHR3=OMeR4=H S.lycocarpum [19]
39 lyconosideIb R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha R2=R3=OHR4=H S.lycocarpum [19]
40 lyconosideI R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha R2=OHR3=R4=H S.lycocarpum [19]
·979·
2016
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Vol41,No.6 March,2016
ÌÜ

No
W¦ qPÔ
(R)
ì> ^Þ
41 lyconosideII R1=Ogal2(rha)3glc R2=OHR3=R4=H S.lycocarpum [19]
42 lyconosideIV R1=Ogal2(rha)3glc R2=OHR3=OMeR4=H S.lycocarpum [19]
43 indiosideA R1=Oglc2(rha)3xyl R2=HR3=R4=OH S.indicum [18]
44 indiosideF R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha R2=HR3=R4=OH S.indicum [18]
45 indiosideM R1=R3=R4=OHR2=H S.violaceum [46]
46  diosgenin3OβDglucopyranosyl(1→2)O[βDxy
loyranosyl(1→3)]OβDglucopyranosyl(1→4)OβD
galactopyranoside
R1=Ogal4glc2(glc)3xyl R2=R3=R4=H S.cathayanum [51]
47 solanigrosideH R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha2glc S.nigrum [22]
48 solanigrosideG R1=Ogal4glc2(glc)3xyl R2=R4=HR3=OH S.nigrum [22]
49 solanigrosideF R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha2glc R2=R4=HR3=Oglc S.nigrum [22]
50 macaosideA R1==OR2=Oqui3xyl R3=R4=H S.macaonese [21]
51 macaosideC R1=OHR2=Oqui3xyl R3=HR4=αOH S.macaonese [21]
52 macaosideD R1=OHR2=Oxyl3xyl R3=R4=H S.macaonese [21]
53 macaosideE R1=Oglc4rha R2=OHR3=R4=H S.macaonese [21]
54 macaosideF R1=Oglc4rha R2=OHR3=R4=H S.macaonese [21]
55 macaosideG R1=OglcR2=OquiR3=R4=H S.macaonese [21]
56 macaosideH R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha R2=OHR3=R4=H S.macaonese [21]
57 inunigrosideA R1=Ogal4glc2(glc)3xyl R2=R3=HR4=αOH S.nigrum [47]
58 neotigogenin R1=OHR2=R3=R4=H S.paniculatum [52]
59 degalactotigonin R1=Ogal4glc2(glc)3xyl R2=R3=R4=H S.cathayanum
S.nigrum
[22,51]
60 chlorogenin R1=R2=OHR3=R4=H
S.macaonese
S.torvum
[21,53]
61 paniculogenin R1=R2=OHR3=HR4=αOH S.torvum [53]
62 (25R)3β,6βdihydroxy5αspirostan23one R1=R2=OHR3=HR4==O S.torvum [53]
63  neochlorogenin6O[βDxylopyranosyl(1→ 3)βD
glucopyranoside]
R1=OHR2=Oglc3xyl R3=R4=H S.torvum [54]
64 chlorogenin6OβDglucopyranoside R1=OHR2=OrhaR3=R4=H S.macaonese [21]
65  chlorogenin6OβDxylopyranosyl(1→3)βDgluco
pyranoside
R1=OHR2=Oglc3xyl R3=R4=H S.macaonese [21]
66  6αOβDxylopyranosyl(1→3)βDquinovopyranosyl
(25R)5αspirostan3βol
R1=OHR2=Oqui3xyl R3=R4=H Smacaonese [21]
67 SC3 R1=OHR2=OxylR3=R4=H S.macaonese [21]
68 SC4 R1=OHR2=OquiR3=R4=H S.macaonese [21]
69 macaosideB R1=Oqui3xyl S.macaonese [21]
70 solanigrosideC R1=Ogal2(glc)4glc3glcR2=OH S.nigrum [22]
71 solanigrosideD R1=Ogal2(rha)4glc2(ara)3xyl R2=H S.nigrum [22]
72 solanigrosideE R1=Ogal2(rha)4glc2(ara)3xyl R2=OH S.nigrum [22]
73 indiosideL S.violaceum [46]
74 indiosideN S.violaceum [46]
75 diosgenone S.violaceum [46]
23 
ŒœÊd
 Ono
ö
[4950]
˜
Ssodomaeum
‘•Vv$
_=‹
76,78;Lu
ö
[55]
˜
Storvum
‘•=r

ŒŽ
77,100;
!^§
[12]
˜Ëªˆ
Scoagulans
‘•Vv=r_=
‹
78,81,106;Mahenina
ö
[17]
˜
Sheteracanthum
¨
Sinca
num
‘•Vv$_=‹
78,81;Elssar
ö
[18]
˜
Sindicum
$
‘•=r_=‹
78;¨
à©ö
[34]
˜ªÌˆ
Sspirale
‘•=
rŒŽ
78~80;
±&Åö
[23]
˜LM
Snigrum
!]‘
•=r_=‹
82~83,93~94;
¢:{ö
[51]
˜S@‚
S
cathayanum
!]‘•=r_=‹
84,85;Lee
ö
[21]
˜
Smac
aonese
$‘•=r
10
ŒŽ
86~92,98,99,105;Ono
ö
[56]
˜
Sviarum
‘•Vv$_=‹
95;Colmenares
ö
[48]
˜
Storvum
‘•=r

ŒŽ
96,97,104;Li
ö
[57]
·089·
£€€ö

ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“,”•–„…—‡
˜
Storvum
‘•Vv$_=‹
101~103;
«Ùýö
[58]
˜€¬LM
Srostratum
!]‘•=r_=‹
106~107,
Ono
ö
[50]
˜
Ssodomaeum
$‘•=r
108,
Dq

¨Ü
4。
q
3 
ˆ‰Š‹$‘•=rƒŒŽ<^
Fig3 StructuresoffurostanolsaponinsfromSolanumplants
Ü
4 
ˆ‰Š‹$‘•=rƒŒŽ
Table4 FurostanolsaponinsfromSolanumplants
No
W¦ qPÔ
(R)
ì> ^Þ
76 indiosideD R1=Ogal2(rha)3glcR2=αOH
R3=glcR4=αCH3
Solanumsodomaeum [49]
77 torvosideO R1=Oglc6glcR2=αOMe
R3=glcR4=βCH3
S.torvum [55]
78 protodioscin R1=Oglc2(rha)4rhaR2=αOH
R3=glcR4=αCH3
S.heteracanthum[17]
S.incanum[17]
S.sodomaeum[4950]
S.indicum[18]
S.coagulans[12]
S.spirale[34]
79  26OβDglucopyranosyl(25R)furost3β,22ξ,26triol5ene3αLrham
nopyranosyl(1→2)[3O(3Oacetyl)αLrhamnopyranosyl(1→4)]βD
glucopyranoside
R1=Oglc2(rha)4(3Oacetylrha)
R2=OHR3=glcR4=αCH3
S.spirale [34]
80  26OβDglucopyranosyl(25R)furost22ξmethoxyl3β,26diol5ene3
OαLrhamnopyranosyl(1→2)βDglucopyranoside
R1=Oglc2rhaR2=OMe
R3=glcR4=αCH3
S.spirale [34]
81 methylprotodioscin R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha
R2=αOMeR3=glcR4=αCH3
S.heteracanthum
S.incanum
S.coagulans
[12,17]
82  22α,25R26OβDglucopyranosyl22hydroxyfurostΔ53β,26diol3Oβ
Dglucopyranosyl(1→2)O[βDxylopyranosyl(1→3)]OβDglucopyr
anosyl(1→4)OβDgalactopyranoside
R1=Ogal4glc2(glc)3xyl
R2=αOHR3=glcR4=αCH3
S.nigrum [23]
·189·
2016
y

z à
41
áà

}
Vol41,No.6 March,2016
ÌÜ

No
W¦ qPÔ
(R)
ì> ^Þ
83  22α,25R26OβDglucopyranosyl22methoxyfurostΔ53β,26diol3Oβ
Dglucopyranosyl(1→2)O[βDxylopyranosyl(1→3)]OβDglucopyr
anosyl(1→4)OβDgalactopyranoside
R1=Ogal4glc2(glc)3xyl
R2=αOMeR3=glcR4=αCH3
S.nigrum [23]
84  22α,25R26OβDglucopyranosyl22hydroxyfurostΔ53β,26diol3Oβ
Dglucopyranosyl(1→2)βDglucopyranosyl(1→4)βDglucopyranoside
R1=Oglc4glc2glc
R2=αOHR3=glcR4=αCH3
S.cathayanum [51]
85  22α,25R26OβDglucopyranosyl22hydroxyfurostΔ53β,26diol3Oβ
Dglucopyranosyl(1→2)O[βDoxylopyranosyl(1→3)]OβDglucopyr
anosyl(1→4)OβDgalactopyranoside
R1=Ogal4glc2(glc)3xyl
R2=αOHR3=glcR4=αCH3
S.cathayanum [51]
86 macaosideL R1=R3=OH
R2=Oqui3xylR4=glc
S.macaonense [21]
87 macaosideM R1=OglcR2=R3=OHR4=glc S.macaonense [21]
88 macaosideN R1=Oglc2rha
R2=R3=OHR4=glc
S.macaonense [21]
89 macaosideO R1=OglcR2=Oqui
R3=OHR4=glc
S.macaonense [21]
90 macaosideP R1=OHR2=Oqui3xyl
R3=OMeR4=glc
S.macaonense [21]
91 macaosideQ R1==OR2=Oqui3xyl
R3=OMeR4=glc
S.macaonense [21]
92 macaosideR R1=OHR2=Oqui3xyl
R3=OMeR4=glc
S.macaonense [21]
93  5α,22α,25R26OβDglucopyranosyl22hydroxyfurost3β,26diol3Oβ
Dglucopyranosyl(1→2)O[βDglucopyranosyl(1→3)]OβDglucopyr
anosyl(1→4)OβDgalactopyranoside
R1=Ogal4glc2(glc)3glc
R2=HR3=OHR4=glc
S.nigrum [23]
94  5α,22α,25R26OβDglucopyranosyl22methoxyfurost3β,26diol3Oβ
Dglucopyranosyl(1→2)O[βDglucopyranosyl(1→3)]OβDglucopyr
anosyl(1→4)OβDgalactopyranoside
R1=Ogal4glc2(glc)3glc
R2=HR3=OMeR4=glc
S.nigrum [23]
95 solaviasideB R1=Oglc2(rha)4rhaR2=glc S.viarum [56]
96  (25S)26(βDglucopyranosyloxy)3oxo22αmethoxy5αfurostan6αyl
OβDxylopyranoside
R1==OR2=OxylR3=glc S.torvum [48]
97  (25S)26(βDglucopyranosyloxy)3βhydroxy22αmethoxy5αfurostan
6αylOαLrhamnopyranosyl(1→3)βDglucopyranoside
R1=βOHR2=Oglc3rha
R3=glc
S.torvum [48]
98 macaosideI R1=Oqui3xylR2=HR3=glc S.macaonense [21]
99 macaosideK R1=Oqui3xylR2=OHR3=glc S.macaonense [21]
100torvosideP R1=OHR2=Oqui3xylR3=glc S.torvum [55]
101 25(S)26OβDglucopyranosyl5αfurost22(20)en3β,6α,26triol6O
[αLrhamnopyranosyl(1→3)OβDquinovopyranoside]
R1=OH
R2=Oqui3rhaR3=glc
S.torvum [57]
102 25(S)26OβDglucopyranosyl5αfurost22(20)en3one6α,26diol6
O[αLrhamnopyranosyl(1→3)OβDquinovopyranoside
R1=O
R2=Oqui3rhaR3=glc
S.torvum [57]
103 25(S)26OβDglucopyranosyl5αfurost22(20)en3β,6α,26triol6O
βDquinovopyranoside
R1=OH
R2=OquiR3=glc
S.torvum [57]
104 (25S)26(βDglucopyranosyloxy)3oxo5αfurost20(22)en6αylOβ
Dxylopyranoside
R1=O
R2=OxylR3=glc
S.torvum [48]
105macaosideJ R1=Oqui3xylR2=glc S.macaonense [21]
106smilaxchinosideA R1=Oglc2(rha)4rhaR2=glc
R3=βCH3
S.coagulans
S.rostratum
[12,58]
107 26OβDglucopyranosyl3β,20α,26triol25(R)Δ5,22dienofurostan3O
αLrhamnopyranosyl(1→2)[αLrhamnopyranosyl(1→4)]βDglucopyr
anoside
R1=Oglc2(rha)4rhaR2=glc
R3=αCH3
S.rostratum [58]
108dioscoresideE R1=Oglc2(rha)4rhaR2=glc S.sodomaeum [50]
24 
¯0DŒœÊd
 Ono
ö
[56]
˜
Sviarum
‘•Vv$
¯0DŒŽ
109;Lu
ö
[36]
˜
Ssuratense
‘•Vv$­®
­Ž
110,111,
q
4,
Ü
5。
25 
“|d
 Lee
ö
[45]
¨
Iida
ö
[59]

Storvum
$‘•
=r


22
Xò β^ ­ƒ.猍Ž112~114;Luö[36]
˜
Ssuratense
‘•=r_=‹
112~117;Júnior
ö
[44]
˜
·289·
£€€ö

ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“,”•–„…—‡
  
q
4 
ˆ‰Š‹$‘•=rƒ¯0DŒŽ<^
Fig4 StructuresofpseudospirostanolsaponinsfromSolanum
plants
Spaniculatum
$‘•Vv$
118;Yen
ö
[43]
˜
Sviolaceum
$‘•Vv$
119~122
¨DB¯0

MƒŽ
124~125;
Valadares
ö
[52]
˜
Spaniculatum
‘•=r
123;Ono
ö
[50]
˜
Ssodomaeum
$‘•=r
126~127,Ono
ö
[60]
˜
Slycoper
sicum
‘•Vv$_=‹
127,129;
!^§
[12]
˜Ëªˆ
Sco
agulans
‘•Vv=r_=‹
127;Ono
ö
[56]
˜
Sviarum
‘
•Vv$_=‹
128,
q
5,
Ü
6。
3 
,”•–„…
31 
e/0hi
 
„…Ü{ˆ‰Š‹$ƒŒŽDBe
Ü
5 
ˆ‰Š‹$‘•=rƒ¯0DŒŽ
Table5 PseudospirostanolsaponinsfromSolanumplants
No
W¦ qPÔ
(R)
ì> ^Þ
109 solaviasideC R1=Ogal2(rha)3xylR2=glc Solanumviarum [56]
110 aculeatisideA R1=Oglc2(rha)4rhaR2=glc Ssuratense [36]
111  26O(βDglucopyranosyl)nuatigenin3OαLrhamnopyranosyl(1→4)
βDglucopyranoside
R1=Oglc4rhaR2=glc Ssuratense [36]
q
5 
ˆ‰Š‹$‘•=rƒ“|dŒŽ<^
Fig5 StructuresofothersteroidalsaponinsfromSolanumplants
/0hi

hi‡:ˆÕů¨~ƒ£¤êý²±

²£¤d­ƒŒŽ$

DB βlycotetraosyl—~ƒDŒ
Ž­
PC12
¨
HCT116
ÄÅ°ƒ&–7Š

ÄÅ&•–
òDŒœ­

Œœ­

DŒºœ­

Œœ­ÅŠ]µ
:
[4]。Yen
ö
[43]
ô…ú
Sviolaceum
$‘•=rƒŒŽ
ƒÄÅ&hi

“$1‘_=‹ãÿ$ú$öŠšƒh
i
。Lu
ö
[37]
˜
Storvum
$‘•=rƒ

&DŒŽ
torvosideM
¨

²Ã°­\‹
CDDP
­™ƒ

QÄÅ
°

™ŠQ

%Q

™Q

z{QÄÅ°

:Bã䃱ù•
–
。Sun
ö
[20]
ìÄÅ&•–òA焅˜ Kwa$‘•
=r ƒ Œ  Ž  ­ ™ / 0 Ä Å °
HeLa,A375S2,
SGC7901,Bel7402
ƒhi

<Äãÿ˜•–ʃ²]²
³1X‘•=rƒŒŽ’Ž~DB£¤ŠšƒÄÅ
&•–

“$ ¡Ž~hi°b$ÄŃ
IC50‘_ò
(164±13),(82±06),(213±09),(201±15)
mg·L-1,
²­°(–­\‹´Æµ¶
IC50‘_ò
(175±14),(150±07),(39±10),(141±04)
mg· L-1,
“ Ä Å & • – à ò ã ä
。Farag
ö
[14]
˜
Sglabratum
‘•=rƒ

&±DŒŽãÿ­™îT
{QÄÅ°
PC3¨
™<…QÄÅ°
HT29
Bʃ±ù•
–

“
IC50‘_ò148,195mg·L
-1,
(–­\,·FË
Žƒ
IC50‘_ò18,30mg·L
-1。
·389·
2016
y

z à
41
áà

}
Vol41,No.6 March,2016
Ü
6 
ˆ‰Š‹$‘•=rƒ“|dŒŽ
Table6 OthersteroidalsaponinsfromSolanumplants
No


ì> ^Þ
112 torvosideK R1=Oqui3rha
R2=βOHR3=βCH3
Solanumsuratense
S.torvum
[36,45,59]
113 torvosideJ R1=Oqui3rha
R2=βOHR3=αCH3
S.suratense
S.torvum
[36,45,59]
114 torvosideL R1=Oqui3rha
R2=αOHR3=αCH3
S.suratense
S.torvum
[36,45,59]
115  torvosideD(22R,23S,25R)3β,6α,23trihydroxy5αspirostane6O
βDxylopyranosyl(1→3)OβDquinovopyranoside
R1=Oqui3xyl
R2=βOHR3=βCH3
S.suratense [36]
116  (22R,23S,25S)3β,6α,23trihydroxy5αspirostane6OβDxylopyr
anosyl(1→3)OβDquinovopyranoside
R1=Oqui3xyl
R2=βOHR3=αCH3
S.suratense [36]
117  (22R,23R,25S)3β,6α,23trihydroxy5αspirostane6OβDxylopyr
anosyl(1→3)OβDquinovopyranoside
R1=Oqui3xyl
R2=αOHR3=αCH3
S.suratense [36]
118  (22R,23S,25R)3β,6α,23trihydroxy5αspirostane6OβDxylopyr
anosyl(1→3)O[βDquinovopyranosyl(1→2)]O[αLrhamnopyr
anosyl(1→3)]OβDquinovopyranoside
R1=Oqui3(rha)2qui3xyl
R2=βOHR3=βCH3
S.paniculatum [44]
119 indiosideG R1=Oglc3xylR2=αCH3 S.violaceum [43]
120 indiosideH R1=Oglc2rhaR2=αCH3 S.violaceum [43]
121 borassosideD R1=Oglc4rhaR2=βCH3 S.violaceum [43]
122 borassosideE R1=Oglc2(rha)4rhaR2=αCH3 S.violaceum [43]
123 Δ25(27)tigogenin3OβDglucopyranoside R1=Oglc S.paniculatum [52]
124 indiosideJ R1=Oglc2(rha)4rhaR2=βCH3 S.violaceum [43]
125 indiosideK R1=Oglc2(rha)4rhaR2=αCH3 S.violaceum [43]
126 solasodosideF R1=Oglc2(rha)4rhaR2=glc S.sodomaeum [50]
127 anguiviosideXV R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha
R2=R3==OR4=glc
S.lycopersicum
S.coagulans
S.sodomaeum
[12,50,60]
128 solaviasideA R1=Oglc2(rha)4rha
R2=HR3=βOHR4=glc
S.viarum [56]
129  3Oβlycotetraosyl3β,26dihydroxycholestan16,22dione26OαL
arabinopyranosyl(1→6)βDglucopyranoside
R1=Ogal4glc2(glc)3xyl
R2=glc6ara
S.lycopersicum [60]
  Manase
ö
[17]
˜
Sincanum
¨
Sheteracanthum
‘•=
rƒÐ ¡Ž­™<…QÄÅ°
HCT116、HT29、SW480,
:ˆz{QÄÅ°
EMT6
ƒ
IC50‘_ò(226±229)、
(348±301),668,668mg·L-1,
àÔР¡Ž­
HCT116,HT29
ÄÅ°ƒ
IC50‘_ò(276±19),(330±
300)mg·L-1,IndiosideD
­
HCT116,HT29
ÄÅ°ƒ
IC50
‘_ò
(387±25),(528±051)mg·L-1,
²­°(–­
\‹¸¹Ê¨Šº»

ãÿ$[vƒe/0•–

¤Oñ
(<Äãÿ±DŒ­Ž“Ãåb·Ô=öƒ‰œî
H“ÄÅ&hi

ŒŽƒÄÅ&hiŠ‹°³¨ÄÅ°

。Ono
ö
[49]
„…ú˜
Ssodomaeum
‘•=rƒŒŽ
­™v¼½ ¡¢ÄÅ
HL60
ƒÄÅ&hi

“$_=‹
diosgenin3Oβsolatrioside¨ Р¡Žãÿ$ʃ•
–

“
GI50‘_ò42,42mg·L
-1,
°(–­\‹å¾
(GI50ò85mg·L
-1)。Zhou
ö
[22]
˜LM$‘•=rƒ
de
galactotigonin
­™QÄÅ°
HepG2,NCIH460,MCF7,SF
268
DB±ùhi
,IC50²025~449μmol·L
-1。
Li
ö
[57]
˜
Storvum
‘•=rƒ

&ŒŽãÿ­
¿KO0ÄÅ°
A375
DB$öŠšƒÄÅ&hi
。Valada
res
ö
[52]
˜
Spaniculatum
‘•=rƒŽ~
neotigogenin
­
Vero
ÄÅDBʃÄÅ&•–

“
CC50ò(203±003)
mg·L-1。Kanchana
ö
[39]
„…ú
Strilobatum
{$GÀ=
rƒŽ1X
(SFST)
­
HEp2
ÄÅ°ƒÄÅ&¨æçÄÅ
(•–

<ÄÜ{
,SFST
Á1öŠ‹–±ùÄŏ¦

IC50ò1000mg·L
-1。
²1öò
1000mg·L-1,
ÄÅ$ë
ú{ãƒ0ØЯ

”ÄÅ»Ö

åhK´Eš

/
1000
mg·L-1
ƒ
SFST
hi°
HEp2
ÄŃ
DNA,
“VWÅEF
Uœ$ën®‹¿ƒÄÅ(./
。Liu
ö
[61]
­ Ku
Ž
(TSSLT)
ƒeÖÄŏ¦hi—núô…
,TSSLT
æ
ç™ÄÅQÄÅ(ÁOsŠ‹–

“
IC50ò6mg·L
-1。
TSSLT
æçÄÅ(éì
DNA
´Ï

|ÆNÇӂ•–ƒ
ҕ
、PARP
Ï×

ÄÅKO

7Ƚ;ÄÅ´+-öÄÅ
0د_ò./ƒ

<ĤOù{ú
TSSLT
æçÄÅ(
ƒ@NòÉ(“@N¨È½@N

32 
e1hi
 Alvarez
ö
[62]
˜
Schrysotrichum
{$‘•
=rƒ±DŒŽ
SC1
­KgX1Êjßj1
NRRL1942
·489·
£€€ö

ˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ‘’“,”•–„…—‡
7:±1˚
MIC
ò
40mg·L-1,
²Ã°(–­\³ùÌ
1O
(MIC
ò
10mg·L-1),
ãÿ“DBȖƒeX1•–

Zamilpa
ö
[11]
˜
Schrysotrichum
‘•=rƒ
SC2~SC6
:
ãÿ[vƒeX1•–

“$
SC2
­Êjßj1
(ATCC
28185)、
ËKßj1
(ATCC28188)
ƒ±ùhi7Š
,MIC
‘

125,125mg·L-1,
(–­\ÍÎÏ
MIC
ò
4,4mg
·L-1。Gonzalez
ö
[16]
„…ú˜
Shispidum
{$‘•=r
ƒŒŽ­Êjßj1

ËKßj1

¿ÐÌ1

 K-Ñ
1ƒhi

:ãÿ$±ùhi

“$­Êjßj1

ËKß
j1±ùhi7Šƒ_=‹ƒ
MIC

25mg·L-1(

­\ÍÎÏ
MIC
‘_ò
4,4mg·L-1)。
Kannabirna
ö
[63]
­
Strilobatum
{$pqƒuŒŽ
1Xƒe1

×ËKMNY1

‡…Ò1

ÓkÒ1

™†
ãÔ1

•–—nú„…

<ÄÜ{Ž1XDBÊ
ƒe1•–

hiü°(–­\e°O,‹

­¨ÅÔ(
–1ƒ±ùhiüŠ°¨ÅÔՖ1

ê(–1$­×ËK
MNY1±ùhi7Š

Ֆ1$­ÓkÒ1ƒ±ùhi7
Š
。Kannabirna
ö
[41]
TUú
Sxanthocarpum
{$Ž1X
ƒe1•–

“­¨ÅÔ(–1×ËKMNY1ƒ±DB
{ヱùhi

Š°(–­\,‹ÖYK°
、¯
ÌO

’×


±ù¨ÅÔՖ1ƒ•–˜‡r:Š]ò™†ã
Ô1

‡…Ò1

ÓkÒ1
。HereraArelano
ö
[64]
­
Schry
sotrichum
$ƒŒŽ
SC2
—núeX1•–ƒ„…
,SC2
òñŠ‹$e1•–7ŠƒŒŽ

„…m듭-Ñ
1‰ K-Ñ1ì,ƒ1°¨­´ÎϨ7ÎÏØ,ƒ1
°:B±ùhi

“$­´ÎÏCD1°ƒ
IC50ò200mg·
L-1,
­´ÎÏØ,1°ƒ
IC50ò400~800mg·L
-1。
LópezVilegas
ö
[65]
¤‚­
Schrysotrichum
$ƒ±DŒ
Ž
SC2
—núeX1hiƒ„…

˜2X<^ƒÐ¯×
+“­X1ƒµ¶

“$­Êßj1ƒhi7Š

“]òÙ
H‚:Ú31

­ËKßj1ƒhi7Û

­X1ƒÖüÐ
¯òÄÅ´`ð̖ƒ©Ü

ÄÅjî×

:ûšb­X1
ÄÅÝ£œÞƒ—˜

ÄÅÉ(

33 
e†hi
 Lee
ö
[45]
„…ú
Storvum
$ŒŽƒ
e$–½ÄцÇhi

“$_=‹
torvosideQ
ãÿ$±
ùߖѠÓ+-ƒhi
,IC50ò566mg·L
-1;3O{αL
ˆÀÅ
(1→4)[αLˆÀÅ(1→2)]βDMNÅ}25(S)

5
à
3βÊãÿ$±ùòtՕ3°ƒhi,IC50ò
359mg·L-1;
_=‹&ãᎏ~
6O[αLˆÀÅ(1→
3)βDâPÅ]¨ &ãᎏ~6O[βDãÅ(1→3)β
D
âPÅ

ãÿ$ʃ±ù2tՕ3°¨ß–Ñ Ó
+-ƒhi

“
IC50‘_ò 349,269mg·L
-1
¨
287,
066mg·L-1。
Lee
ö
[21]
„…ú
Smacaonense
$‘•=rƒŒŽ
±ù$–½ÄņÇÒóƒhi

2tՕ3¨ß–Ñ 
Óé˜óä
FMLP/CB
Ouҕƒå$–½ÄÅ$Æ°ƒ

éå$–½ÄņÇÒóƒæ´

„…<ÄÜ{

“$


w¶±DŒŽ
SC4,SC3,6αOβDãÅ(1→3)βDâ

(25R)5αDŒ3βÊãÿ$ʃ±ù2tՕ3°
¨ß–Ñ Ó+-ƒhi

“
IC50‘_ò 70,76,40
mg·L-1
¨
37,44,10mg·L-1;
&_=‹±DŒŽ
macaosideA
¨

¦ãÿ$±ùߖѠÓ+-ƒhi
,IC50
‘_ò
32,42mg·L-1;
Ž~
chlorogenin
¦ãÿ±ù2
tՕ3°ƒhi

“
IC50ò61mg·L
-1。DPI¨
K\ì
E|
(sivelestat)
‘_ò±ù2tՕ3°¨ß–Ñ Ó
+-ƒ(–­\,
,IC50‘_ò08,50mg·L
-1。
¤Oñ
(<ÄÜ{
macaosideA,macaosideD,SC3,SC4
²
LDH
+-($`bµ¶å$–½Äѕ@

ê_=‹
chloro
genin¨ 6αOβDãÅ(1→3)βDâPÅ(25R)5αDŒ
3βʲmړӲƒe†hiO­$–½ÄňB[vƒ


rÑ@ò βhexosamindase±½(ìô…_=‹
macaosideA,macaosideD
ƒe†fùé熱ù±½Bô

<ÄÜ{
macaosideA
²1ö¾,OœÒé@ò±ù±½
ìmړe†hiƒ

¹H^‚ôõ(ãÿDŒÅÂ
ŒÅ²e$–½ÄņÇ$DBýƒÓÒ

Wang
ö
[66]
„…ú ¡Ž~
diosgenin
­™èôë†
éèÄŃe†hi

<Ämë
diosgenin
œ±ù
NO
¨
IL
1βæçÆ°ƒPGE2ƒ°,¤Oˆ{ã±ù IL1βÒmƒ
MMP3,MMP13,iNOS,COX2
ƒÜÝ

œhòœ™èô
놃Ӳ,‹

34 
e¢&hi
 
ˆ‰Š‹$ŒŽƒe¢&•–w=


“$DŒŽƒ•–7òãä

•–ˆÕůƒ£
¤êB±
[67]。Valadares
ö
[52]
˜
Spaniculatum
‘•=r
ƒ[&ŒŽãÿDB{ãƒeRS¢&
(HHV1)¨
æê¢&•–

“
EC50‘_ò1708±17,1770±33mg·
L-1,
˜ê—[HÌúˆ‰Š‹²WâA,$ƒe¢&
‚
。Arthan
ö
[68]
˜
Storvum
Ä$‘•=rƒŒŽã
ÿDBe¢&•–

“$ŒŽ
torvosideH
’“Ó×=r
ƒDŒŽƒe—ZRS¢&
(HSV1)
ƒ
IC50‘_ò232,
174mg·L-1,
(–­\‹ònëáì
acyclovir,
“
IC50ò
2~5mg·L-1。
35 
et_hi
 Elekofehinti
ö
[7]
„…ú
Sanguivi
Ä
$uŽ
(SAS)
ƒet_hi

<ÄÜ{
SAS
{ãp
(P<
005)
‡ˆSí8òt_îÓ¨2t_‹ï_Ó
(SOD)
ĥ
–

­‡ˆ#í$ƒ

?Ӄ•–‰`£{ã

S#$ƒ
MAD
˚{ãîH

:ÿ
Sanguivi
$ƒŽœhòet_
1i윝pþ†Õ7Ô²ôƒt_óÒtX
。Gupta
ö
[69]
­
Snigrum
¨
Sxanthocarpum
$‘•=rƒŒŽ
—núet_•–ƒ„…

\°O

ò(–­,
<ÄÜ
{ŒŽ²mړet_hi¤O`“B2Z%&–

ñ
hié@òµuW´òt_Òó¨ê+et_Ӄ•–ê
ëƒ
。Elekofehinti
ö
[70]
„…më
Sanguivi
Ä$ƒŽ
·589·
2016
y

z à
41
áà

}
Vol41,No.6 March,2016
DB±ù
Fe2+
¨ðEñæ烇ˆ‘[ò
P2
1Xƒt
_—˜hi

“é@ò±ù•–t
(ROS)
ƒÆ°
、ROS
æm
ƒÑ ´¨sóԃ‰Ñ ‘3ƒt_Òó

W´òt_Ò
óìpÈ½ƒ•–

hiŠšÁ˚Š‹–

36 
îÅ

î¡W

îïhi
 Gupta
ö
[69]
­
Snigrum
¨
Sxanthocarpum
$=rƒŒŽ—núîWhiƒ„
…

($ìnºô|õò(–­\,

<ÄÜ{²ðÌ
¾,
28d
~

£»Ê·¥=rƒ‡ˆ5­$

“¡È$
ƒu£»Ê
(TC)、
uŒöL³
(TG)、
H§šWÑ 
(LDL)、
÷H§šWÑ 
(VLDL)
˚îH

§šWÑ
 
(HDL)
ƒËšø

ñhiÁ[vƒ1öŠ‹–
。Ele
kofehinti
ö
[71]
„…ú
Sanguivi
Ä$ƒuŽ­ƒt
µ¶æçƒÅÆ¢‡ˆƒîÅ

î¡Whi

<Äãÿ¾
,•$

Ž{ãîHú‡ˆ¡È$Å
,TC,TG,LDL
Ļ
Ý

‰
HDL
ƒªÝ

œhòÓ²ƒœÅÆ¢ƒ,‹

Elekofehinti
ö
[72]
„…më
Sanguivi
Ä$ƒŽ
(SAS)
DBîWhi
,SAS
œ{ãîH¾,~ƒ‡ˆ¡È
$
TG,TC
¨
LDL
ƒËš

{㏉¡È$
HDL
ƒËš

ñhiÁ1öŠ‹–

œîH€S¢
CHD
ƒm¢@ù

Ibarrola
ö
[31]
­
Ssisymbrifolium
$=rƒ¯0DŒŽ
nuatigenin3Oβchacotriose—núîƒ„…,(
<ÄÜ{{¸½¾¾,ñŽ
16
±

­¡ï‡ˆDB
ãäƒîïhi

­?>–ƒœ:B‚Ä

37 
“|hi
 Patel
ö
[73]
­
Sxanthocarpum
Ä$ƒŽ
—nGÀ

„…mëñ1X
(SXS)
­²8ÊæçÆ°ƒ‡
ˆÆ<ÙDB±ùhi

9
SXS
?œÒé@ò±ùa]ú<
ƒ0

µ¶0<ِ‘²Æ¢$ƒËšì’µ¶æç
#<Ù0ƒÕOìmړeÆ<ٕ–ƒ

Elekofehinti
ö
[74]
„…më
Sanguivi
Ä$ƒŽD
B±ùËÄÅ°ƒhi

ûüˆ¾,~

œÁ1öŠ‹–
FãäîH“¡¢$ËÄÅ

 ÄÅ

¡ËÑ ƒËš

‰
¡¢$å$–½ÄŃ˚

6éËÄÅï¦

庖ÄÅ

Z|ÄÅ

å]–ÄÅ`bm°{ãƒÐ¯

¡¢$ËÄÅ
¨¡ËÑ µu‘_ýÿú–¡¨þ¡ƒÇ®

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yg?z

[1] 
$%&%$%Š‹./0&+

$%Š‹.

à
67
á

à

÷
[M].
23

&$()
,1978:64.
[2] 
¶5

À*

ˆ‰Š‹_‘¨°‹•–
[J].
ëP,‹†
åæ
,2006,21(2):63.
[3] 
6!Ñ

+²°

Ë,-

ˆ&‰Š‹e/0„…—‡
[J].
iåæA
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